Nitrogen fixation is one of the most important sources of new nitrogen in the ocean and thus profoundly affects the nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical processes.The distribution,controlling factors,and flux of N2 fixa...Nitrogen fixation is one of the most important sources of new nitrogen in the ocean and thus profoundly affects the nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical processes.The distribution,controlling factors,and flux of N2 fixation in the global ocean remain uncertain,partly because of the lack of methodological uniformity.The^(15)N_(2)tracer assay(the original bubble method→the^(15)N_(2)-enriched seawater method→the modified bubble method)is the mainstream method for field measurements of N2 fixation rates(NFRs),among which the original bubble method is the most frequently used.However,accumulating evidence has suggested an underestimation of NFRs when using this method.To improve the availability of previous data,we compared NFRs measured by three^(15)N_(2)tracer assays in the South China Sea.Our results indicate that the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the^(15)N_(2)-enriched seawater method varies obviously with area and season,which may be influenced by incubation time,diazotrophic composition,and environmental factors.In comparison,the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the modified bubble method is more stable,indicating that the N2 fixation rates based on the original bubble methods may be underestimated by approximately 50%.Based on this result,we revised the flux of N2 fixation in the South China Sea to 40 mmol/(m2·a).Our results improve the availability and comparability of literature NFR data in the South China Sea.The comparison of the^(15)N_(2)tracer assay for NFRs measurements on a larger scale is urgently necessary over the global ocean for a more robust understanding of the role of N2 fixation in the marine nitrogen cycle.展开更多
The N-glycine constant infusion method was used to study protein turnover in normal adults and perioperative patients.The protein turnover rate (Q),synthetic rate (S) and catabolic rate (C) were derived according to P...The N-glycine constant infusion method was used to study protein turnover in normal adults and perioperative patients.The protein turnover rate (Q),synthetic rate (S) and catabolic rate (C) were derived according to Picou's two-pool system model,and the“end-product averaging technique”showed the ^(15)N-glycine constant iufusion method to be reliable,with a reproducibility of ±5.1%.This measurement can be repeated after a short period,so it should be useful for surgical nutrition study. Our results show the following:Q was significantly increased after operation (3.4± 0.6 to 5.0±0.5 g protein/kg/d,P<0.01),and S (2.6±0.5 to 3.7±0.6 g protein/kg/d,P<0.05) and C (2.3±0.5 to 3.9±0.5 g protein/kg/d,P<0.01) were increased as well.This suggests that the protein degradation rate outstripped the synthesis rate on post-operative day three (POD+3) when traditional (glutamine-free) total parenteral nutrition support was used.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076042 and 41721005the Fund of Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract No.2017FY201403the Fund of China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association under contract No.DY135-13-E2-03.
文摘Nitrogen fixation is one of the most important sources of new nitrogen in the ocean and thus profoundly affects the nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical processes.The distribution,controlling factors,and flux of N2 fixation in the global ocean remain uncertain,partly because of the lack of methodological uniformity.The^(15)N_(2)tracer assay(the original bubble method→the^(15)N_(2)-enriched seawater method→the modified bubble method)is the mainstream method for field measurements of N2 fixation rates(NFRs),among which the original bubble method is the most frequently used.However,accumulating evidence has suggested an underestimation of NFRs when using this method.To improve the availability of previous data,we compared NFRs measured by three^(15)N_(2)tracer assays in the South China Sea.Our results indicate that the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the^(15)N_(2)-enriched seawater method varies obviously with area and season,which may be influenced by incubation time,diazotrophic composition,and environmental factors.In comparison,the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the modified bubble method is more stable,indicating that the N2 fixation rates based on the original bubble methods may be underestimated by approximately 50%.Based on this result,we revised the flux of N2 fixation in the South China Sea to 40 mmol/(m2·a).Our results improve the availability and comparability of literature NFR data in the South China Sea.The comparison of the^(15)N_(2)tracer assay for NFRs measurements on a larger scale is urgently necessary over the global ocean for a more robust understanding of the role of N2 fixation in the marine nitrogen cycle.
文摘The N-glycine constant infusion method was used to study protein turnover in normal adults and perioperative patients.The protein turnover rate (Q),synthetic rate (S) and catabolic rate (C) were derived according to Picou's two-pool system model,and the“end-product averaging technique”showed the ^(15)N-glycine constant iufusion method to be reliable,with a reproducibility of ±5.1%.This measurement can be repeated after a short period,so it should be useful for surgical nutrition study. Our results show the following:Q was significantly increased after operation (3.4± 0.6 to 5.0±0.5 g protein/kg/d,P<0.01),and S (2.6±0.5 to 3.7±0.6 g protein/kg/d,P<0.05) and C (2.3±0.5 to 3.9±0.5 g protein/kg/d,P<0.01) were increased as well.This suggests that the protein degradation rate outstripped the synthesis rate on post-operative day three (POD+3) when traditional (glutamine-free) total parenteral nutrition support was used.
