核电厂堆用^(235)U裂变电离室性能影响因素模拟研究

为了研制性能更加优异的核电厂堆用^(235)U裂变电离室,利用Geant4模拟软件研究了电离室外壳材料、^(235)U镀层厚度、^(235)U丰度及电极间距等参数对电离室性能的影响,并对^(235)U镀层样品进行了拉曼光谱分析。模拟结果表明:(1)1 mm厚的钛金属可作为堆用裂变电离室外壳;(2)^(235)U镀层最佳厚度约为3μm,镀层厚度的影响机制与“自吸收层”和“出射层”有关;(3)^(235)U丰度变化仅影响电离室探测效率,最佳镀层厚度不变;(4)当可电离气体压强分别为0.1 MPa和0.4 MPa时,电极间距分别大于等于6mm和3mm即可区分U原子衰变产生的a粒子信号。拉曼光谱分析结果表明镀层成分主要为U,O,与所建模型一致,保证了模拟结果的可靠性。

Calculation of the energy dependence of fission fragments yields and kinetic energy distributions for neutron-induced ^(235)U fission

Fission fragments yields and average total kinetic energy are fundamental nuclear data for nuclear energy applications and the study of nuclear devices.Certain fission products,such as ^(95)Zr,^(99)Mo,^(140)Ba,^(144)Ce,and ^(147)Nd,serve as burnup monitors,assessing the number of fissions induced by neutrons on ^(235)U.However,current experimental data for these fission products worldwide are inconsistent,introducing significant uncertainty into related scientific research.In this study,we employed the Potential-driving Model to calculate the independent yields of ^(235)U and evaluate its advantages in such calculations.Additionally,we investigated the energy dependence of independent yields to select important products.Furthermore,we calculated the cumulative yields of ^(95)Zr,^(99)Mo,^(140)Ba,^(144)Ce,and ^(147)Nd,and compared them with existing literature data to explore the energy dependence of fission products for ^(235)U.Given the lack of fission product yield data above 14.8 MeV,we extended our calculated incident neutron energy to 20 MeV,aiming to support future scientific research.The Geant4 physical model does not consider the influence of incident neutron energy on the average total kinetic energy of fission fragments;thus,we introduced the excitation function of the total kinetic energy of fission fragments recommended by Madland et al.,which effectively describes the experimental data of the average total kinetic energy of fragments formed in ^(235)U fission.In this paper,we comprehensively discuss the energy dependence of fission product yields and average total kinetic energy.

Prompt fission neutron spectra of n+^(235)U above the(n,nf) fission threshold

Calculations of prompt fission neutron spectra （PFNS） from the ^235U（n, f） reaction were performed with a semi-empirical method for En = 7.0 and 14.7 MeV neutron energies. The total PFNS were obtained as a superposition of （n,xnf） pre-fission neutron spectra and post-fission spectra of neutrons which were evaporated from fission fragments, and these two kinds of spectra were taken as an expression of the evaporation spectrum. The contributions of （n,xnf） fission neutron spectra on the calculated PFNS were discussed. The results show that emission of one or two neutrons in the （n,nf） or （n,2nf） reactions influences the PFNS shape, and the neutron spectra of the （n,xnf） fission-channel are soft compared with the neutron spectra of the （n,f） fission channel. In addition, analysis of the multiple-chance fission component showed that second-chance fission dominates the PFNS with an incident neutron energy of 14.7 MeV whereas first-chance fission dominates the 7 MeV case.

Pre-neutron fragment mass yields for^(235)U(n,f)and^(239)Pu(n,f)reactions at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV

Pre-neutron fragment mass yields in the vicinity of the thermal neutron energy are highly important for applications because of the larger fission cross sections of the^(235)U(n,f)and^(239)Pu(n,f)reactions.In this paper,preneutron fragment mass yields at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV are systematically studied using an empirical fission potential(EFP)model,the potential parameters of which are obtained from the measured data.The energy dependences of the peaks and valleys of the pre-neutron fragment mass yields are described by exponential and linear functions for the^(235)U(n,f)and^(239)Pu(n,f)reactions,respectively.The energy dependences of the evaporation neutrons,which play a crucial role in the reasonable description of pre-neutron fragment mass yields,are also obtained from the fission cross sections.The pre-neutron fragment mass yields in this study are not only consistent with the results of previous studies in regions of several Me Vs but also agree well with existing measured data at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV.The results show that the feasibility of this EFP model is verified in this extended energy region.