Anti-plane pull-out of a rigid line inclusion from an elastic medium

The transient and static anti-plane problem of a rigid line inclusion pulled out from an elastic medium is studied.The singular integral equation method is used to solve the stress field.Under the static load,the stress intensity factor(SIF)at the inclusion tips increases with the medium length.The problem becomes equivalent to an inclusion in a medium with an infinite length when the length of the medium is 3.5times longer than that of the inclusion.However,under the transient load,the maximum value of the SIF occurs when the medium length is about two times the inclusion length.Besides,the relation between the pull-out force and the anti-plane displacement is given.The conclusions are useful in guiding the design of fiber reinforced composite materials.

DYNAMIC ANTI-PLANE PROBLEMS OF PIEZOCERAMICS AND APPLICATIONS IN ULTRASONICS—A REVIEW

We review theoretical results on anti-plane motions of polarized ceramics based on the linear theory of piezoelectricity. Solutions to dynamic problems of the propagation of bulk acoustic waves （BAW） and surface acoustic waves （SAW）, vibrations of finite bodies, and applications to various piezoelectric devices including piezoelectric waveguides, resonators, mass sensors, fluid sensors, actuators, nondestructive evaluation, power harvesters （generators）, transformers, and power transmission through an elastic wall by acoustic waves are discussed. Complications due to material inhomogeneity, initial stress, electromagnetic coupling, electric field gradient and semiconduction are also discussed. The paper cites 82 references.

Dynamic anti-plane analysis for two symmetrically interfacial cracks near circular cavity in piezoelectric bi-materials

The present paper is exposed theoretically to the influence on the dynamic stress intensity factor （DSIF） in the piezoelectric bi-materials model with two symmet- rically permeable interracial cracks near the edges of a circular cavity, subjected to the dynamic incident anti-plane shearing wave （SH-wave）. An available theoretical method to dynamic analysis in the related research field is provided. The formulations are based on Green＇s function method. The DSIFs at the inner and outer tips of the left crack are obtained by solving the boundary value problems with the conjunction and crack- simulation technique. The numerical results are obtained by the FORTRAN language program and plotted to show the influence of the variations of the physical parameters, the structural geometry, and the wave frequencies of incident wave on the dimensionless DSIFs. Comparisons with previous work and between the inner and outer tips are con- cluded.

Dynamic response of cylindrical cavity to anti-plane impact load by using analytical approach

The transient response of an unlimited cylindrical cavity buried in the infinite elastic soil subjected to an anti-plane impact load along the cavern axis direction was studied.Using Laplace transform combining with contour integral of the Laplace inverse transform specifically,the general analytical expressions of the soil displacement and stress are obtained in the time domain,respectively.And the numerical solutions of the problem computed by analytical expressions are presented.In the time domain,the dynamic responses of the infinite elastic soil are analyzed,and the calculation results are compared with those from numerical inversion proposed by Durbin and the static results.One observes good agreement between analytical and numerical inversion results,lending the further support to the method presented.Finally,some valuable shear wave propagation laws are gained: the displacement of the soil remains zero before the wave arrival,and after the shear wave arrival,the stress and the displacement at this point increase abruptly,then reduce and tend to the static value gradually at last.The wave attenuates along the radial,therefore the farther the wave is from the source,the smaller the stress and the displacement are,and the stress and the displacement are just functions of the radial distance from the axis.

A fractional differential constitutive model for dynamic stress intensity factors of an anti-plane crack in viscoelastic materials

Fractional differential constitutive relationships are introduced to depict the history of dynamic stress inten- sity factors （DSIFs） for a semi-infinite crack in infinite viscoelastic material subjected to anti-plane shear impact load. The basic equations which govern the anti-plane deformation behavior are converted to a fractional wave-like equation. By utilizing Laplace and Fourier integral transforms, the fractional wave-like equation is cast into an ordinary differential equation （ODE）. The unknown function in the solution of ODE is obtained by applying Fourier transform directly to the boundary conditions of fractional wave-like equation in Laplace domain instead of solving dual integral equations. Analytical solutions of DSIFs in Laplace domain are derived by Wiener-Hopf technique and the numerical solutions of DSIFs in time domain are obtained by Talbot algorithm. The effects of four parameters α, β, b1, b2 of the fractional dif- ferential constitutive model on DSIFs are discussed. The numerical results show that the present fractional differential constitutive model can well describe the behavior of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in viscoelastic materials, and the model is also compatible with solutions of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in elastic materials.

STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS CALCULATION IN ANTI-PLANE FRACTURE PROBLEM BY ORTHOGONAL INTEGRAL EXTRACTION METHOD BASED ON FEMOL

For an anti-plane problem, the differential operator is self-adjoint and the corresponding eigenfunctions belong to the Hilbert space. The orthogonal property between eigenfunctions （or between the derivatives of eigenfunctions） of anti-plane problem is exploited. We developed for the first time two sets of radius-independent orthogonal integrals for extraction of stress intensity factors （SIFs）, so any order SIF can be extracted based on a certain known solution of displacement （an analytic result or a numerical result）. Many numerical examples based on the finite element method of lines （FEMOL） show that the present method is very powerful and efficient.

ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT EFFECTS IN ANTI-PLANE PROBLEMS OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL HOLE IN PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS OF 6 mm SYMMETRY

We study electromechanical felds in the anti-plane deformation of an infnite medium of piezoelectric materials of 6 mm symmetry with a circular cylindrical hole. The theory of electro- elastic dielectrics with electric feld gradient in the constitutive relations is used. Special attention is paid to the felds near the surface of the hole.

COMPLETE EIGEN-SOLUTIONS FOR ANTI-PLANE NOTCHES WITH MULTI-MATERIALS BY SUPER-INVERSE ITERATION

Ln this paper, the super-inverse iterative method is proposed to compute the accurate and complete eigen-solutions for anti-plane cracks/notches with multi-materials, arbitrary opening angles and various surface conditions. Taking the advantage of the knowledge of the variation forms of the eigen-functions, a series of numerical techniques are proposed to simplify the computation and speed up the convergence rare of the inverse iteration. A number of numerical examples are given to demonstrate the excellent accuracy, efficiency and reliability of the proposed approach.

APPLICATION OF TREFFTZ BEM TO ANTI-PLANE PIEZOELECTRIC PROBLEM

Anti-plane electroelastic problems are studied by the Trefftz boundary element method （BEM） in this paper. The Trefftz BEM is based on a weighted residual formulation and indirect boundary approach. In particular the point-collocation and Galerkin techniques, in which the basic unknowns are the retained expansion coefficients in the system of complete equations, are considered. Furthermore, special Trefftz functions and auxiliary functions which satisfy exactly the specified boundary conditions along the slit boundaries are also used to derive a special purpose element with local defects. The path-independent integral is evaluated at the tip of a crack to determine the energy release rate for a mode Ⅲ fracture problem. In final, the accuracy and efficiency of the Trefftz boundary element method are illustrated by an example and the comparison is made with other methods.

ELECTROELASTIC FIELD FOR AN IMPERMEABLE ANTI-PLANE SHEAR CRACK IN A PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS PLATE

Electroelastic behavior of a cracked piezoelectric ceramics plate subjected to four Cases of combined mechanical-electrical loads is analyzed. The integral transform method is applied to convert the problem involving an impermeable anti-plane crack to dual integral equations. Solving the resulting equations, the explicit analytic expressions for electroelastic field along the crack line and the intensity factors of relevant quantities near the crack tip and the mechanical strain energy release rate we obtained, The known results for an infinite piezoelectric ceramics plane containing an impermeable anti-plane crack are recovered from the present results only if the thickness of the plate h --> infinity.

ANTI-PLANE CRACK MOVING ALONG THE INTERFACE OF DISSIMILAR PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS

The problem of an anti-plane Griffith crack moving along the interface of dissimilar piezoelectric materials is solved by using the integral transform technique. It is shown from the result that the intensity factors of anti-plane stress and electric displacement around the crack tip are dependent on the speed of the Griffith crack as well as the material coefficients. When the two piezoelectric materials are identical, the present result will be reduced to the result far the problem of an anti-plane moving Griffith crack in homogeneous piezoelectric materials.

ANTI-PLANE FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL INFINITE STRIP WITH FINITE WIDTH

The special case of a crack under mode Ⅲ conditions was treated, lying parallel to the edges of an infinite strip with finite width and with the shear modulus varying exponentially perpendicular to the edges. By using Fourier transforms the problem was formulated in terms of a singular integral equation. It was numerically solved by representing the unknown dislocation density by a truncated series of Chebyshev polynomials leading to a linear system of equations. The stress intensity factor （SIF） results were discussed with respect to the influences of different geometric parameters and the strength of the non-homogeneity. It was indicated that the SIF increases with the increase of the crack length and decreases with the increase of the rigidity of the material in the vicinity of crack. The SIF of narrow strip is very sensitive to the change of the non-homogeneity parameter and its variation is complicated. With the increase of the non-homogeneity parameter, the stress intensity factor may increase, decrease or keep constant, which is mainly determined by the strip width and the relative crack location. If the crack is located at the midline of the strip or if the strip is wide, the stress intensity factor is not sensitive to the material non-homogeneity parameter.

跨线转体桥施工抗倾覆技术研究现状及展望

在我国交通强国战略背景下,伴随公共交通建设力度的进一步提升,交叉线路变得越来越频繁。在跨越既有铁路开展桥梁工程建设时,为不影响铁路线路的正常运营,大多选用桥梁转体施工方案。为保障转体桥梁施工的安全,亟需系统梳理和总结桥梁转体施工抗倾覆难点及现有抗倾覆关键技术。通过调研国内外平转型转体桥工程实例及对相关文献进行分析与研究,分别从桥梁结构不平衡因素、转体结构所受外荷载影响及转体桥梁的施工工艺三方面进行研究,分析现有跨线转体桥梁施工技术抗倾覆难点,结合当前最新研究成果及较为先进的施工工法,总结专家学者提出的桥梁转体施工抗倾覆关键技术。最后对桥梁转体施工抗倾覆新技术进行展望,提出基于北斗技术下桥梁转体姿态实时动态监测技术与基于机器学习算法下,对转体桥梁的动态位移及结构损伤快速且精确识别的构思,为平转型桥梁转体施工抗倾覆研究的进一步发展提供了一定的研究思路,对平转型桥梁转体工程建设抗倾覆具有一定参考与借鉴意义。

反四手性负泊松比蜂窝面外双曲变形研究

针对反四手性负泊松比蜂窝面外变形快速求解问题,提出了一种利用数值拟合进行快速求解的方法。首先利用有限元分析软件对蜂窝的面外变形进行了求解,把结果数据分为训练数据及验证数据;然后使用最小二乘法对求解结果拟合,针对蜂窝面外变形的特点及量纲分析,构造了一个3参数的拟合方程,得到蜂窝对称轴上的拟合曲线。接着对求解结果及蜂窝尺寸参数进行二次拟合,得到蜂窝尺寸和变形曲线的关系,然后利用该关系对其他尺寸下蜂窝的变形曲线进行预测,并与验证数据进行对比。此后,对两段式非均匀蜂窝的面外变形也进行了仿真求解,利用均匀蜂窝的拟合结果及Logistic函数构造拟合函数进行拟合,并用拟合结果在其他尺寸下蜂窝的变形与验证数据进行对比。结果表明,拟合方程预测结果与仿真结果吻合良好。该数值方法可以运用于反四手性蜂窝变形预测与设计。

磁电弹性材料中圆弧形裂纹的反平面断裂问题

利用广义复变函数理论和保角映射技术,研究磁电弹性复合材料中圆弧形裂纹在无穷远处受到沿磁电极化方向的磁/电载荷和反平面机械载荷的共同作用下的反平面问题,给出应力场及位移场的精确解析解,并获得在磁电全非渗透及全渗透边界条件下圆弧裂纹尖端场强度因子和能量释放率的解析解。基于数值解进行数值分析,由数值结果表明:控制圆弧形裂纹半弦长与弓高比值的减少,可以提高材料的可靠性能;在两种边界条件下,机械载荷的不断增加最终会促进裂纹的扩展;在磁电全渗透边界条件下,裂纹扩展不受磁/电载荷的影响,但与材料常数和机械载荷的大小水平有关;在磁电全非渗透边界条件下,正(负)磁/电载荷的增加会阻碍裂纹扩展。

消除CDS折叠效应的增益自适应红外焦平面读出电路

高动态范围是红外焦平面探测技术的先进发展方向之一。高集成度像元读出电路的动态范围受到小电荷存储容量和噪声的限制。所设计的增益自适应像元读出电路,小信号下为电容反馈跨阻放大器(CTIA),大信号下自动转换为变阻抗电阻反馈跨阻放大器(RTIA),实现小信号大增益、大信号小增益的自动切换,将集成3.86 fF积分电容的CTIA电荷容量拓展到1.63 Me^(–)。在15μm像元中心距的像元内集成相关双采样(CDS)结构,大幅减小噪声。对CDS大信号注入产生的折叠效应进行理论分析,并设计抗折叠结构。采用180 nm 3.3V CMOS工艺,完成640×512规模的读出电路的设计、仿真、流片、测试。测试结果显示,该电路可消除CDS折叠效应,噪声电子数17 e^(–),动态范围拓展到99.66 dB。

倾角变化条件下反倾层状斜坡倾倒变形演化研究

倾倒变形是反倾层状岩质边坡的一种典型破坏模式,为了研究不同岩层倾角对反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒变形的影响,以澜沧江上游古水水电站坝前倾倒变形体为原型,从岩层倾角变化的角度出发,利用大型土工离心机试验分析了反倾层状岩质边坡的失稳破坏过程、变形演化特征与最终失稳模式等。结果表明:①反倾层状斜坡的变形演化过程基本概括为岩层压密-坡脚压裂阶段、弯折面形成-部分失稳阶段和弯折面贯通-彻底失稳3个阶段,岩层倾角的改变并不会影响斜坡阶段性演化过程;②岩层倾角越大的斜坡,斜坡形成弯折面所需时间越短,失稳破坏发生后坡体贯通性倾倒破坏深度更大,对应的变形范围越大,折断岩层的破坏程度越剧烈;③岩层倾角变化会导致斜坡的倾倒变形过程与最终失稳模式存在一定差异。倾角较小的55°和70°模型斜坡前部岩层在重力作用下发生明显弯曲倾倒变形,最终以“倾倒-弯曲-滑移”的失稳模式发生破坏;倾角最大的85°斜坡岩层发生的弯曲变形较小,最终以“倾倒-折断-崩塌”的模式发生破坏。研究结果对大型工程项目的顺利开展具有一定指导意义。

Evaluation of Intensive Land Utilization based on Anti-planning Concept

Based on the gist of anti-planning,evaluation standards and methods of intensive land utilization were re-examined according to the inverse planning procedures.Significant role of compulsory non-development zone(similar to the traditional"non-construction land")among the planning fruits in the intensive utilization of urban land resources and relevant index weights in the evaluation system were re-weighed.In land evaluation,relevant control indexes of compulsory non-development zone were first calculated and evaluated,healthy and sustainable development coefficients of land were obtained and regarded as the core content of the whole evaluation system.

压电双材料反平面问题的界面裂纹分析

文中研究了压电双材料在反平面载荷和平面内电载荷共同作用下的电弹场,运用边界配置法求解xoy平面为各向同性面的压电双材料在2种加载情况下的应力强度因子和能量释放率,并根据界面应力强度因子和能量释放率数值计算方法分析了材料尺寸比例、电位移D0、弹性模量、配点数及幂级数项数对应力强度因子和能量释放率的影响,得到了相应的关系变化曲线图。结果表明:在裂尖处应力具有1/2阶的奇异性;材料厚度越小裂纹长度越长,应力强度因子和能量释放率越大;能量释放率随材料弹性模量的增大而减小;配点数和幂级数项数对应力强度因子和能量释放率的影响不大,但随着配点数和幂级数项数增多数值趋于稳定,且更接近真实值。当配点数在35时,应力强度因子和能量释放率都趋于稳定,而幂级数项数分别在35、22时应力强度因子和能量释放率趋于稳定;当应力强度因子和能量释放率与外加电位移在加载情况不同时,有不同的曲线关系;该方法能够方便地计算多种加载情况下压电双材料裂尖的应力强度因子和能量释放率,能反映压电双材料的界面损伤特性,有利于压电智能结构在各行业应用推广。

Ⅱ类超晶格红外探测器多层膜背增透研究

Ⅱ类超晶格材料相对较小的吸收系数限制了超晶格焦平面探测器的探测性能,通过在焦平面背面镀制增透膜,可有效提升器件的量子效率。研究采用仿真计算,设计了GaSb基InAs/GaSb超晶格探测器的多层背增透膜结构,并在GaSb衬底和超晶格焦平面探测器上进行了制备,实验结果验证了该薄膜具有提升探测器响应性能的作用。