Long-term prognosis and its associated predictive factors in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE)is a chronic recurrent disease with abnormal eosinophilic infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract.Glucocorticoids remain the most common treatment method.However,disease relapse and glucocorticoid dependence remain notable problems.To date,few studies have illuminated the prognosis of EGE and risk factors for disease relapse.AIM To describe the clinical characteristics of EGE and possible predictive factors for disease relapse based on long-term follow-up.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 55 patients diagnosed with EGE admitted to one medical center between 2013 and 2022.Clinical records were collected and analyzed.Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were conducted to reveal the risk factors for long-term relapse-free survival(RFS).RESULTS EGE showed a median onset age of 38 years and a slight female predominance(56.4%).The main clinical symptoms were abdominal pain(89.1%),diarrhea(61.8%),nausea(52.7%),distension(49.1%)and vomiting(47.3%).Forty-three(78.2%)patients received glucocorticoid treatment,and compared with patients without glucocorticoid treatments,they were more likely to have elevated serum immunoglobin E(IgE)(86.8%vs 50.0%,P=0.022)and descending duodenal involvement(62.8%vs 27.3%,P=0.046)at diagnosis.With a median follow-up of 67 mo,all patients survived,and 56.4%had at least one relapse.Six variables at baseline might have been associated with the overall RFS rate,including age at diagnosis<40 years[hazard ratio(HR)2.0408,95%confidence interval(CI):1.0082–4.1312,P=0.044],body mass index(BMI)>24 kg/m^(2)(HR 0.3922,95%CI:0.1916-0.8027,P=0.014),disease duration from symptom onset to diagnosis>3.5 mo(HR 2.4725,95%CI:1.220-5.0110,P=0.011),vomiting(HR 3.1259,95%CI:1.5246-6.4093,P=0.001),total serum IgE>300 KU/L at diagnosis(HR 0.2773,95%CI:0.1204-0.6384,P=0.022)and glucocorticoid treatment(HR 6.1434,95%CI:2.8446-13.2676,P=0.003).CONCLUSION In patients with EGE,younger onset age,longer disease course,vomiting and glucocorticoid treatment were risk factors for disease relapse,whereas higher BMI and total IgE level at baseline were protective.

Animal models of eosinophilic esophagitis,review and perspectives

Eosinophilic oesophagitis(EoE)is an allergen/immune-mediated chronic esophageal disease characterized by esophageal mucosal eosinophilic infiltration and esophageal dysfunction.Although the disease was originally attributed to a delayed allergic reaction to allergens and a Th2-type immune response,the exact pathogenesis is complex,and the efficacy of existing treatments is unsatisfactory.Therefore,the study of the pathophysiological process of EOE has received increasing attention.Animal models have been used extensively to study the molecular mechanism of EOE pathogenesis and also provide a preclinical platform for human clinical intervention studies of novel therapeutic agents.To maximize the use of existing animal models of EOE,it is important to understand the advantages or limitations of each modeling approach.This paper systematically describes the selection of experimental animals,types of allergens,and methods of sensitization and excitation during the preparation of animal models of EoE.It also discusses the utility and shortcomings of each model with the aim of providing the latest perspectives on EoE models and leading to better choices of animal models.

Human Eosinophil Cell Manipulation by Optical Tweezers

In this work, lateral deformation of human eosinophil cell during the lateral indentation by an optically trapped microbead of diameter 4.5 µm is studied. The images were captured using a CCD camera and the Boltzmann statistics method was used for force calibration. Using the Hertz model, we calculated and compared the elastic moduli resulting from the lateral force, showing that the differences are important and the force should be considered. Besides the lateral component, the setup also allows us to examine the lateral cell-bead interaction. The mean values of the properties obtained, in particular the elastic stiffness and the shear stiffness, were Eh = (37.76 ± 2.85) µN/m and Gh = (12.57 ± 0.32) µN/m. These results show that the lateral indentation can therefore be used as a routine method for cell study, because it enabled us to manipulate the cell without contact with the laser.

Evolving strategies: Enhancements in managing eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatric patients

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a newly recognized disease first described about 50 years ago.The definition,diagnosis,and management have evolved with new published consensus guidelines and newly approved treatment available to pediatricians,enabling a better understanding of this disease and more targeted treatment for patients.We describe the definition,presentation,and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis including management,challenges,and future directions in children.The definition,diagnosis,and management of eosinophilic esophagitis have evolved over the last 50 years.Consensus guidelines and newly approved biologic treatment have enabled pediatricians to better understand this disease and allow for more targeted treatment for patients.We describe the definition,presentation,diagnosis,management,and treatment in addition to the challenges and future directions of eosinophilic esophagitis management in children.

Clinical Research Progress of Peripheral Blood Eosinophils in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)accounts for one of the major health and economic burdens worldwide.As a heterogeneous disease,the underlying inflammatory pattern of COPD differs from the previously thought neutrophil-dominated inflammation,with eosinophilic inflammation occupying approximately one third of stable COPD.Although the eosinophil(EOS)threshold associated with clinical relevance in patients with COPD is currently debated,eosinophil count can be used as a biomarker to guide treatment and to assess the risk of acute exacerbations of COPD,the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids,and clinical outcomes.The purpose of this review is to describe the biological characteristics of eosinophils and the related research progress as clinical biomarkers.

Eosinophilic enteritis requiring differentiation from chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene:A case report

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease(EGID)is a disorder characterized by infiltration of eosinophils causing mucosal damage and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.The endoscopic findings of eosinophilic enteritis(EoN),an EGID variant,are nonspecific and occasionally difficult to diagnose.In contrast,chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1(CEAS)is a chronic persistent small intestinal disorder characterized by endoscopic findings such as multiple oblique and circular ulcers.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 10-year-old boy who had suffered abdominal pain and fatigue for the preceding 6 mo.He was referred to our institute for investigation of suspected gastrointestinal bleeding because of severe anemia with hypoproteinemia and positive fecal human hemoglobin.The upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic findings were normal;however,double-balloon small bowel endoscopy showed multiple oblique and circular ulcers with discrete margins and mild constriction of the intestinal lumen in the ileum.The findings were highly consistent with CEAS,but urine prostaglandin metabolites were within normal limits,and no previously reported mutations in the SLCO2A1 gene were identified.Histological evaluation demonstrated moderate to severe eosinophilic infiltration localized to the small intestine suggesting a diagnosis of EoN.Clinical remission was maintained with montelukast and a partial elemental diet,but emergent surgery for bowel obstruction due to small intestinal stenosis was performed two years after the initial treatment.CONCLUSION EoN should be considered in the differential diagnosis of CEAS-like small intestinal ulcerative lesions and normal urinary prostaglandin metabolite levels.

Eosinophilic fasciitis difficult to differentiate from scleroderma:A case report

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic fasciitis(EF)is a rare connective tissue disease that can cause swelling and sclerosis of the extremities,and special attention is needed to differentiate EF from systemic sclerosis.Misdiagnosis or omission markedly delays treatment of EF,and severe skin sclerosis in advanced stages can cause joint contracture and tendon retraction,worsening the patient's prognosis and quality of life.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of EF in a young woman diagnosed by tissue biopsy,confirming the difficulty of differential diagnosis with scleroderma.CONCLUSION Focusing on skin manifestations,completing tissue biopsy and radiography can help diagnose EF effectively.Clinicians should enhance their understanding of the differences between EF and scleroderma,and early diagnosis and standardized treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with EF.

Development of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura in a child with idiopathic hypereosinophilia syndrome with multiple thrombotic onset: A case report

BACKGROUND The incidence of pulmonary embolism(PE) in children is low, but its mortality is high. Hypereosinophilic syndrome(HES) is a group of diseases caused by an abnormal increase in eosinophilic granulocytes resulting in multiple-organ dysfunction. The urgent event of thromboembolism in the pulmonary region provoked by eosinophils in idiopathic HES(IHES) is relatively unusual. This article reports a case of IHES with multiple PEs and left leg venous thrombosis as the first manifestation. One month later, the patient developed Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP), which is very rare.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 12-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, left leg pain, and aggravation. He had bilateral PE and left leg venous embolism with mild eosinophilia. Low-molecular-weight heparin and urokinase were given. At the same time, the interventional department was contacted about filter implantation, followed by urokinase thrombolysis. The left leg thrombus was aspirated under ultrasound guidance. He was discharged from the hospital on rivaroxaban. One month later, he developed a rash on both legs and ankle pain consistent with HSP, with severe eosinophilia and motor and sensory disturbances. The patient was diagnosed with IHES with multiple embolisms complicated by HSP after excluding other causes of the eosinophil elevation. After glucocorticoid treatment, the symptoms were relieved, but the patient later developed purpura nephritis.CONCLUSION We report a rare and life-threatening case of IHES with multiple embolisms associated with HSP.A mild elevation of eosinophils early in the disease leads to difficulties in diagnosis and delayed treatment.

Diagnostic role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis, relationship with gastric and duodenal eosinophils

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)is an eosinophilic-predominant inflammation of the esophagus diagnosed by upper endoscopy and biopsies.A non-invasive and cost-effective alternative for management of EoE is being researched.Previous studies assessing utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)in EoE were low powered.None investigated the contribution of eosinophilic inflammation of the stomach and duodenum to FeNO.AIM To assess the utility of FeNO as a non-invasive biomarker of esophageal eosinophilic inflammation for monitoring disease activity.METHODS Patients aged 6-21 years undergoing scheduled upper endoscopy with biopsy for suspected EoE were recruited in our observational study.Patients on steroids and with persistent asthma requiring daily controller medication were excluded.FeNO measurements were obtained in duplicate using a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer(NIOX MINO,Aerocrine,Inc.;Stockholm,Sweden)prior to endoscopy.Based on the esophageal peak eosinophil count(PEC)/high power field on biopsy,patients were classified as EoE(PEC≥15)or control(PEC≤14).Mean FeNO levels were correlated with presence or absence of EoE,eosinophil counts on esophageal biopsy,and abnormal downstream eosinophilia in the stomach(PEC≥10)and duodenum(PEC≥20).Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Spearman correlation,and logistic regression were used for analysis.P value<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS We recruited a total of 134 patients,of which 45 were diagnosed with EoE by histopathology.The median interquartile range FeNO level was 17 parts per billion(11-37,range:7-81)in the EoE group and 12 parts per billion(8-19,range:5-71)in the control group.After adjusting for atopic diseases,EoE patients had significantly higher FeNO levels as compared to patients without EoE(Z=3.33,P<0.001).A weak yet statistically significant positive association was found between the number of esophageal eosinophils and FeNO levels(r=0.30,P<0.005).On subgroup analysis within the EoE cohort,higher FeNO levels were noted in patients with abnormal gastric(n=23,18 vs 15)and duodenal eosinophilia(n=28,21 vs 14);however,the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION After ruling out atopy as possible confounder,we found significantly higher FeNO levels in the EoE cohort than in the control group.

Adult eosinophilic esophagitis and advances in its treatment

Eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)is a chronic eosinophil inflammation that seems to be T helper type 2 antigen-driven.The disease is one of several eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders in which there appears to be inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract without any apparent underlying causes.Differential diagnosis needs to be made with gastroesophageal reflux,which is characterized by chronic inflammation due to gastric refluxate from disorders related to motility.EoE,however,is considered a chronic allergic inflammatory disorder related to destructive tissue remodeling.There seems to be a higher prevalence of EoE in Western countries.It is typically found in atopic male individuals.Physiopathological risk factors include atopy,environmental factors,esophageal epithelial barrier dysfunctions,etc.EoE can cause several symptoms that include retrosternal burning sensation,dysphagia,food impaction,chronic reflux symptoms,nausea,and vomiting.Early diagnosis,which requires a biopsy to assess for esophageal inflammation,is essential for proper treatment.The aim of our brief overview is to summarize the current literature regarding the characteristics,diagnosis,complications,mechanisms of pathology,clinical features,influence of comorbidities,and treatment in patients with EoE.

Posterior pedicle screw fixation combined with local steroid injections for treating axial eosinophilic granulomas and atlantoaxial dislocation:A case report

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic granuloma(EG)is a proliferative condition that affects the cells of bone tissue.There are no specific clinical signs or imaging manifestations in the early stages of the disease,making it simple to overlook and misdiagnose.Because of the disease's rarity,there is presently no standardized treatment principle.There are few accounts of such occurrences affecting the axis among children.We discovered a case of a child whose EG resulted in atlantoaxial joint dislocation and destruction of the axial bone.CASE SUMMARY After having pharyngeal discomfort for more than six months without a clear explanation,a 6-year-old boy was brought to our hospital.Following a careful evaluation,the pathology indicated a strong likelihood of an axial EG.Ultimately,we decided to treat the boy with posterior pedicle screw fixation and local steroid injections.CONCLUSION EGs of the upper cervical spine are quite uncommon in children,and they are exceedingly easy to overlook or misdiagnose.Posterior pedicle screw fixation and local steroid injections are effective treatments for patients with axial EGs affecting the atlantoaxial junction.

Imipenem/cilastatin-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia:A case report

Rationale:Acute eosinophilic pneumonia(AEP)is an acute pulmonary illness caused by eosinophilic infiltration of the lung parenchyma.It can happen after using drugs such as daptomycin and minocycline.AEP induced by imipenem/cilastatin is a rare condition.Patient’s Concern:A 45-year-old male patient,who previously suffered from a urinary tract infection and treated with imipenem/cilastatin antibiotic,was presented to us with acute respiratory distress,soon after the initiation of the antibiotic.Computed tomography identified pulmonary infiltrates in the upper and middle lung fields and eosinophils were found to account for 36%of differential count of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid.He also developed peripheral eosinophilia as the disease progressed.Diagnosis:AEP,secondary to imipenem/cilastatin therapy.Interventions:Steroid therapy was administered and imipenem/cilastatin antibiotic was discontinued.Outcomes:The patient improved completely following the therapy and had clear lung fields on follow-up.Lessons:Imipenem/cilastatin is an uncommon cause of AEP and requires close monitoring during therapy.

Eosinophil disorders:an update on diagnosis and management

Eosinophilia can be seen in almost all medical subspecialty patients.Delay in diagnostic workup and treatment is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Clinical vigilance and timely referral for diagnostic evaluation are critical.Causes of hypereosinophilia(HE)are diverse and can be grouped under 3 categories:primary(neoplastic),secondary(reactive),and idiopathic.Advances in molecular genetic diagnostics have led to elucidation of the genetic basis formany neoplastic hypereosinophilic disorders.One commonmolecular feature is formation of a fusion gene,resulting in the expression of an aberrantly activated tyrosine kinase(TK).TheWorld Health Organization endorsed a biologically oriented classification scheme and created a new major disease category,namely,myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions.Rearrangement of other TK genes and activating somatic mutation(s)in TK genes have also been reported in eosinophilic neoplasms.Diagnostic evaluation of HE involves a combination of clinical,histopathologic,and immunophenotypic analyses,as well as molecular genetic testing,including next-generation sequencing–based mutation panels.The management of primary HE is largely guided by the underlying molecular genetic abnormalities.Good knowledge of recent advances in HE is necessary to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis and to help optimize patient care.

川崎病患儿血清总免疫球蛋白E及嗜酸性粒细胞的变化及意义

目的:探讨川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)患儿在急性期及恢复期总免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)水平、嗜酸性粒细胞的变化及意义。方法:对2015年10月至2019年1月我院儿科收治的65例KD患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析,作为KD组,分别在急性期(起病5~10d)和恢复期(起病1个月)检测血清总IgE含量、嗜酸性粒细胞计数和百分比,进行统计分析;纳入健康对照患儿22例作为对照组。统计患病前及患病后1年内KD患儿患过敏性疾病(包括过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、过敏性咳嗽、变应性皮炎等)的情况。结果:KD组恢复期血清总IgE水平[282.6(94.2,454.5)IU/mL]、嗜酸性粒细胞计数[0.43(0.23,0.63)×10^(9)]以及嗜酸性粒细胞百分比[4.7(2.4,6.8)%],均高于急性期血清总IgE水平[160.7(15.4,302.0)IU/mL]、嗜酸性粒细胞计数[0.3(0.1,0.6)×10^(9)]及百分比[3.3(1.6,5.1)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。KD组急性期、恢复期各数据,均高于对照组血清总IgE水平[42.2(18.9,62.2)IU/mL]、嗜酸性粒细胞计数[0.14(0.09,0.19)×10^(9)]及百分比[2.7(1.3,4.0)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。KD前患过敏性疾病的KD患儿3例,KD后1年内患过敏性疾病的患儿11例,较KD前增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:KD患儿嗜酸性粒细胞、总IgE水平增高,在恢复期升高更为显著,这可能与KD患儿后续易患过敏性疾病有关。

老年嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎患者的临床分析

目的分析老年嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎(eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis,EGPA)患者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2007年2月至2022年2月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院确诊的EGPA患者的临床资料,根据年龄分为老年组(年龄≥60岁)和非老年组(年龄<60岁),比较两组患者临床特征的差异并随访预后。结果共纳入101例EGPA患者,其中老年组42例(41.6%),非老年组59例(58.4%)。老年组与非老年组比较,合并高血压病(40.5%vs 16.9%,P=0.008)、血嗜酸性粒细胞>10%(90.5%vs 72.9%,P=0.029)及估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)降低[eGFR<80 mL·min^(-1)·(1.73 m^(2))^(-1)](61.9%vs 16.9%,P<0.001)的患者比例更高,老年组红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)[20(10,56.25)mm/h vs 12(5,32.25)mm/h,P=0.028]及肺功能指标残气量/肺总量(residual volume/total lung capacity,RV/TLC)[(48.84±11.43)%vs(41.92±9.06)%,P=0.009]更高。老年组与非老年组相比,心脏受累(73.8%vs 32.2%,P<0.001)、中枢神经系统受累(23.8%vs 5.1%,P=0.006)、周围神经系统病变(83.3%vs 64.4%,P=0.036)、肾脏受累(69.0%vs 47.5%,P=0.031)及五因子评分(five-factor score,FFS)≥2分(61.9%vs 15.3%,P<0.001)的发生率均更高。随访中位时间41(19,59)个月,6例患者死亡,老年组病死率高于非老年组(13.9%vs 1.92%,P=0.032)。结论老年EGPA患者合并高血压病、血嗜酸性粒细胞>10%、eGFR降低、脏器受累及FFS≥2分的患者比例更高,ESR、RV/TLC及病死率更高。临床医生应加强对老年EGPA患者疾病特征的认识,以提高诊断和治疗水平。

外周血白细胞在ACI中的诊断价值

目的通过比较健康体检者与急性脑梗死(ACI)患者外周血白细胞水平,探讨外周血白细胞在ACI诊断中的价值。方法收集2022年1月至2023年1月河北医科大学第二医院神经内科急诊收治的ACI患者299例和同时期体检中心进行常规健康体检者299例,收集患者一般临床资料及血常规检查结果。比较两组的一般临床资料和外周血白细胞及其分类细胞和细胞间比值的差异,然后将差异指标进行Logistic回归分析ACI的危险因素,最后采用ROC曲线分析各危险因素在ACI诊断中的价值。结果共纳入了299例ACI患者和299例体检者,单因素分析发现白细胞总数、中性粒细胞绝对值、单核细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞绝对值和嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值上比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、嗜酸性粒细胞与单核细胞比值(EMR)和嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞比值(ENR)上比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现NLR、EMR和ENR与ACI发生有关(P<0.05)。ROC结果显示NLR、EMR和ENR预测ACI的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.7623、0.6906和0.7052。结论NLR、EMR和ENR在ACI的诊断中具有参考价值,尤其ENR联合头颅CT提高ACI的诊断率。

嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎心脏受累的临床特征分析

目的分析嗜酸性肉芽肿性血管炎(EGPA)患者心脏受累的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2005年5月至2021年12月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的确诊EGPA患者的临床资料,比较心脏受累组和非心脏受累组患者的差异,并随访两组的预后。结果104例EGPA患者中,男性55例,女性49例,确诊时中位年龄56(46,65)岁,其中20例(19.2%)患者ANCA阳性。心脏受累组50例(48.1%),非心脏受累组54例(51.9%)。心脏受累组中16例(32.0%)患者有心脏受累相关症状,25例(50%)心电图异常,34例(68%)心脏超声检查异常。6例行心脏增强核磁检查,5例发现心脏受累,其中2例为隐匿性心脏受累。心脏受累组中老年患者、基础疾病合并高血压病患者明显高于非心脏受累组(P<0.05)。两组之间嗜酸粒细胞计数及ANCA阳性率无明显差异(P>0.05)。平均随访中位时间41(19,59)月,6例患者死亡,均有心脏受累患者,其中3例死于心功能衰竭,另外3例分别死于脑梗死合并肺部感染、侵袭性肺曲霉菌病及肺恶性肿瘤。结论EGPA患者中心脏受累比例高,临床表现缺乏特异性。心脏MRI有利于发现隐性的心脏受累。心脏受累与嗜酸性粒细胞计数及ANCA无明显相关性。心脏受累是疾病死亡的危险因素。

木村病伴肾病综合征1例

目的探讨木村病伴肾病综合征的临床特征,提高对木村病的认识。方法回顾性分析2023年7月广东省人民医院收治的1例木村病伴肾病综合征患者的临床资料,实验室、影像学、病理检查和骨髓活检结果及诊疗情况并结合最新文献复习,以提高对木村病的认识。结果男性患者,37岁,既往肾病综合征17年。临床表现为蛋白尿、颈部多发增大淋巴结、皮疹伴瘙痒感。肾穿刺活检符合肾小球微小病变,术后病理结果符合木村病。患者手术切除后口服皮质类固醇结合免疫抑制剂治疗,症状有所改善。结论木村病患者的肾损害多表现为肾病综合征,少数可早于木村病前出现,对于符合手术指征的患者手术切除联合药物治疗有助于改善病情。

NLR、LLR、ENR对短暂症状性脑梗死的预测价值

目的评估中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/淋巴细胞比值(LLR)及嗜酸性粒细胞/中性粒细胞比值(ENR)预测短暂症状性脑梗死(TSI)的价值。方法选取保定市第一中心医院神经内一、二科2022年6月1日至2023年5月31日住院的201例以短暂性脑缺血(TIA)症状就诊的患者作为研究对象,依据颅脑DWI检查有无脑梗死病灶分为TSI组和TIA发作组。比较分析组间的资料,用Spearman相关分析探究各指标与TSI的关系,通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价各指标对TSI的预测效能。结果符合纳入标准的患者共201例,其中TSI46例,TIA 155例。单因素分析显示,TSI组的淋巴细胞数、嗜酸性粒细胞数及ENR明显比TIA组低,NLR及LLR明显比TIA组高(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,淋巴细胞数、嗜酸性粒细胞数及ENR是TSI的保护因素,NLR及LLR是TSI的危险因素(P<0.05)。NLR、LLR及ENR对TSI的预测效能优于淋巴细胞数及嗜酸性粒细胞数,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.665、0.665及0.622。结论NLR、LLR及ENR检测费用低、方法简便,可作为预测TSI的新标志。

血清YKL⁃40与气道炎性因子在婴幼儿喘息中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨血清YKL-40及气道炎性因子白细胞介素(IL)-5和IL-8在婴幼儿喘息中的表达情况及临床意义。方法选择2021年6月—2023年5月收治的喘息急性发作(急性期)患儿70例,其中初次喘息发作32例,反复喘息38例。经治疗恢复期34例。另选取同期体检健康婴幼儿22例为健康对照组。反复喘息患儿依据哮喘预测指数(API)分为阳性组23例和阴性组15例。检测上述各组血清YKL-40、IL-5和IL-8水平,分析YKL-40与IL-5、IL-8、外周血中性粒细胞及嗜酸粒细胞的相关性。结果喘息急性期患儿血清YKL-40、IL-5、IL-8水平均高于喘息恢复期和健康对照组(P<0.01)。反复喘息组血清YKL-40和IL-8水平均高于初次喘息组(P<0.01)。API阳性组与API阴性组血清YKL-40、IL-5和IL-8水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血清YKL-40与IL-8呈显著正相关(r=0.926,P<0.001),但与IL-5、外周血嗜酸粒细胞绝对值、中性粒细胞绝对值均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论血清YKL-40、IL-5和IL-8参与婴幼儿喘息急性气道炎症过程,YKL-40可能与中性粒细胞炎症有关。YKL-40水平增高可能是婴幼儿喘息发作和反复喘息的危险因素,但与API无关。