Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Primary Terpenoids and △^9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa at Flowering Stage

Plants synthesize an astonishing diversity of isoprenoids, some of which play essential roles in photosynthesis, respiration, and the regulation of growth and development. Two independent pathways for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid precursors coexist within the plant cell： the cytosolic mevalonic acid （MVA） pathway and the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate （MEP） pathway. However, little is known about the effects of plant hormones on the regulation of these pathways. In the present study we investigated the effect of gibberellic acid （GA3） on changes in the amounts of many produced terpenoids and the activity of the key enzymes, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase （DXS） and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase （HMGR）, in these pathways. Our results showed GA3 caused a decrease in DXS activity in both sexes that it was accompanied by a decrease in chlorophylls, carotenoids and Ag-tetrahydrocannabinol （THC） contents and an increase in α-tocopherol content. The treated plants with GA3 showed an increase in HMGR activity. This increase in HMGR activity was followed by accumulation of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in male and female plants and campestrol in male plants. The pattern of the changes in the amounts of sterols was exactly similar to the changes in the HMGR activity. These data suggest that GA3 can probably influence the MEP and MVA pathways oppositely, with stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the produced primary terpenoids in MVA and DXS pathways, respectively.

液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱法分析小鼠全血和脑组织中的大麻酚

目的:建立了同时快速测定小鼠血和脑组织中Δ9-四氢大麻酚(Δ9-THC)和大麻二酚(CBD)的检验方法。方法:在空白血和脑中加入5μL氘化Δ9-THC(10μg/mL),平衡20min,边涡旋边滴加2.5mL冷的乙腈,离心15min后,使液固分离,在-20℃下放置过夜,让乙腈层与水层分开,移出乙腈层,氮气氛下挥发至干,用0.1mL甲醇溶解,高压液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱(HPLC-APCI-MS)分析,标准曲线采取空白小鼠全血和均质脑浆制备,内标氘化四氢大麻酚作为质量控制,分析目标物和内标峰面积比进行定量。结果:慢性给药小鼠身体内THC含量高于一次性给药的小鼠,尤其在小鼠脑组织中差别较大,血中四氢大麻酚含量在两组小鼠实验中差别较小。当给小鼠注射相同量的CBD和THC时,THC的含量几乎不受CBD的影响。但当给小鼠注射的CBD的量增加到THC的10倍时,CBD对THC的含量有影响。大麻植物中CBD的含量非常低,因此,可以不考虑CBD对THC的影响。该分析方法体现了色谱分离和质谱分析相结合的方法在定性分析中具有独特的优越性,也避免了气相色谱/质谱联用对分离得到的大麻酚类化合物进行衍生过程的繁琐。

氯胺酮及内源性大麻素系统在快速抗抑郁中的作用研究进展

抑郁症是现代社会一类常见且严重的情感障碍疾病,其进展后期常伴随有自杀意念及自杀行为,给社会、家庭带来沉重负担。抗抑郁药物治疗对一部分重度抑郁症患者无明显疗效,这一类抑郁症又称为耐药性抑郁症(treatment resistant depression,TRD)。有研究报道了氯胺酮的快速及长效的抗抑郁作用,对TRD亦有明显的治疗效果。大麻中的主要活性物质Δ~9-四氢大麻酚也可通过作用于脑内大麻素受体发挥快速抗抑郁作用,这2种中枢神经兴奋剂都具有明显的不良反应,属于严格管控的精神活性物质。该文结合近年来相关研究就氯胺酮及内源性大麻素系统快速抗抑郁作用作一综述。