α′相形成与铁铬铝合金的脆性

应用电子显微镜、X射线衍射技术,对低温长期使用的铁铬铝电热合金进行分析。结果表明:晶粒长大以及铬原子含量为75％左右的铁铬二元α＇相在晶界和基体中析出,是导致合金变脆的主要原因;通常微量碳化物Cr_(23)C_6相以及σ相总是沿晶界分布。

低温下Fe－69．7％Cr合金α’相的穆斯堡尔谱

Ｆｅ－６９．７％（ａｔｏｍ）Ｃｒ合金经５００℃时效４年后，获得单一α＇相结构，并测定了它在低温下合金的穆斯堡尔谱。结果表明：在室温３００Ｋ穆斯堡尔谱为一单线洛仑兹线型，降低温度其半宽度也随着展宽，在７７Ｋ时超精细场达３０７２．２０ｋＡ／ｍ；超精细场数值随温度降低而增大，其变化规律与顺磁体模型理论值变化曲线相似，说明α＇相在７７Ｋ以上为一顺磁质，从１２００℃至室温通过变温热循环加速了Ｃｒ句晶界扩散以及顺磁α＇相在Ｆｅ－２４．６％Ｃｒ－５．０％Ａｌ合金中析出，并导致合金脆化。

中温时效对超级双相不锈钢2507组织及性能的影响

双相不锈钢2507耐蚀性优异，但热处理不当时会影响其组织和性能。借助光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了超级双相不锈钢2507在不同温度（360，580℃）时效处理后的组织结构和力学性能．并采用动电位极化曲线结合FeEl，浸泡方法研究其耐点蚀性能。结果表明：不同温度时效处理后，双相不锈铜2507均析出纳米级富铬仅’相，其中360℃时效产生α相与α相共格，580℃时效产生α相与仅相非共格；α＇相主要在α相内、α／α和α／У晶界处析出；当α相与仅相非共格时，试样强度和韧性变化更为明显；360℃时效试样较5801：时效试样能更好地抑制稳定点蚀的萌生和发展长大。

铁铬铝合金脆断

研究了 Fe-25Cr-5Al 电热合金断裂原因及断裂方式.高于1000℃合金晶粒急剧长大,当晶粒大小()增长至80 μm时,断裂由韧窝型向准解理过渡,≥100 μm则呈现解理断裂;变温过程,由于铬组元非平衡偏聚,微米级大小α′相沿晶界形成;σ相形成导致合金沿晶断裂.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC21 titanium alloy by near-isothermal forging

Microstructure and tensile properties of TC21 titanium alloy after near-isothermal forging with different parameters plus solution treatment and aging were investigated. It is found that the residual β matrix, which was strengthened by fine secondary α platelets forming during aging, exists in all the samples; while primary equiaxed α phase, bent lamellar α phase and α plates are simultaneously or individually present in one sample. The strength of alloy increases proportionally with increasing the content of residual β matrix, which is the result of increasing α/β interphase boundary. The plasticity of alloy has a downward trend as the content of residual β matrix increases. This attributes to the increase of fine secondary α platelets, which are cut by dislocations during the deformation. Additionally, coarse α plates with long axis parallel to the maximum resolved shear stress（MRSS） also reduce the plasticity of TC21 alloy.

Morphology development of elongated α phases in hot working of large-scale titanium alloy plate

The role of subtransus hot working on microstructure morphology of TA15 titanium alloy plate with elongatedαphases was studied by quantitative metallography on different sections. The results show that the microstructure morphology is mainly affected by loading direction. When the sample is compressed along normal direction, microstructure on the section vertical to normal direction has equiaxed primaryαphase but microstructure on the section vertical to rolling direction has strip primaryαphase with long axis along tangential direction. When the sample is compressed along rolling direction, microstructure on the section vertical to normal direction has strip primaryαphase elongated along tangential direction but microstructure on the section vertical to rolling direction consists of strip and irregular broad-band primaryαphase. The strip primaryαphase aspect ratio is smaller at lower temperature due to the dynamic break-down ofαphase. The difference on primaryαphase aspect ratio between different sections decreases after compression along distinct directions in two loading passes, suggesting the improvement of equiaxity of primaryαphase.

Microstructures of TC21 alloys after hydrogenation and dehydrogenation

Microstructural evolution and phase transformation of hydrogenated and dehydrogenated TC21 alloys were investigated by optical microscopy （OM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. XRD peaks ofαandβphases after hydrogenation shifted to low angle because of lattice expansion with the solution of hydrogen atoms. Microstructure of TC21 alloy after hydrogenation changed apparently. Compared to the as-received one, the contrasts of equiaxedαphase and transformedβphase under optical microscope were reversed. In addition, XRD and TEM analyses revealed that hydrides and α′ martensite precipitated fromαandβphases. Bulk of twins and some Ti3Al particles were observed in hydrogenated TC21 alloy, which means that hydrogen led to the redistribution of alloying elements inαandβphase. After dehydrogenation, the microstructure of TC21 alloy was similar to that of the as-received one, which consisted ofαandβphases.

最轻的实用结构镁-锂合金

对实用结构镁-锂合金作了较全面简要的介绍,它是当今最轻的结构金属材料,早已在航天器中获得少量的应用。中国对镁-锂合金的研发与应用已跻身世界先进行列,柴东朗教授团队-西安四方超轻材料有限公司是中国镁-锂合金研发和生产的领军。中国首部镁-锂合金铸锭国家标准(GB/T 33141—2016)于2017年9月1日开始实施。镁-锂合金的抗拉强度不尽人意,在可预见的时期内不可能制出抗拉强度大于200 N/mm^2的镁-锂合金,因此它在工业中很难获得广泛的应用。

高饱和磁化强度α″-Fe_(16)N_2的研究

详细介绍了有关α″-Fe_(16)N_2相的研究结果,对α″-Fe_(16)N_2相的“巨磁矩”特性进行了全面评述。

Microstructure evolution of isothermal holding treatment during melt solidification of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Effect of isothermal holding treatment in the solidification process on the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied by temperature controlled induced melting apparatus. The result shows that with isothermal holding treatment above the β transus temperature during solidification, the colony structure consisting of parallel lamellae was obtained. While the isothermal holding treatment was set at 960 °C, a unique bi-modal microstructure consisting of coarse primary α and fine secondary lamellar α was obtained. The primary lamellar α tended to break into several pieces, globularize and present equiaxed morphology. The formation mechanism of the equiaxed α can be explained with the atom immigration, high density dislocations, combined action with the interface tension of formed α phase during the isothermal holding treatment. After the isothermal holding, the retained β matrix transformed into fine lamellar α, thus, bi-modal microstructure was acquired. Compared with the lamellar structure, the grain boundary α presented discontinuously and cannot be distinguished from the primary α lamellae easily. The size of colonies α was greatly decreased. The microstructure tended to be much more homogeneous in the whole section of the samples.

Effect of heat treatment processing on microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy

Effects of heat treatment processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy were investigated. The microstructures were investigated by SEM, TEM and XRD, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results indicate that the lath-like and globular primary α phase, secondary α phase and β phase are obtained after forging and heat treatment processing. The size of secondary α phase is much smaller than that of primary α phase. After heat treatment, the volume fraction of primary α phase is decreased, and that of secondary α phase is increased. With the increase of solution temperature, the volume fraction of primary α phase is gradually decreased, and that of secondary α phase is obviously increased. The yield strength and tensile strength of Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb alloy are significantly enhanced with the solution temperature increasing.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy K-TIG welded joints

The 12 mm-thick Ti−6Al−4V(TC4)titanium alloy plates were welded using keyhole tungsten inert gas(K-TIG)welding at various heat inputs.The microstructure,grain boundary(GB)characteristics and mechanical properties of the weld metal zone(WMZ)were analyzed.The test results show that the K-TIG welds are well formed,and no obvious defects are observed when the heat input is 2.30−2.62 kJ/mm.When the heat input gradually increases,αlaths increase in length,andα′phase and residualβphase are reduced.The electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)test results indicate that the high-angle GB proportion in the WMZ increases with the increase of heat input.The tensile strength of the WMZ gradually decreases and the elongation of the WMZ increases when the heat input increases from 2.30 to 2.62 kJ/mm.The impact toughness of the WMZ increases as the heat input increases.

α″phase-assisted nucleation to obtain ultrafineαprecipitates for designing high-strength near-βtitanium alloys

The diffusion-multiple method was used to determine the composition of Ti−6Al−4V−xMo−yZr alloy(0.45<x<12,0.5<y<14,wt.%),which can obtain an ultrafine α phase.Results show that Ti−6Al−4V−5Mo−7Zr alloy can obtain an ultrafineαphase by using the α″phase assisted nucleation.The bimodal microstructure obtained with the heat-treatment process can confer the alloy with a good balance between the strength and plasticity.The deformation mechanism is the dislocation slip and the{1101}twinning in the primary α phase.The strengthening mechanism is α/β interface strengthening.The interface of(0001)α/(110)β has a platform−step structure,whereas(1120)α/(111)βinterface is flat with no steps.

Effect ofαphase morphology on fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy

Taking a Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy as exemplary case,the fatigue crack growth sensitivity and fracture features with various tailoredαphase morphologies were thoroughly investigated using fatigue crack growth rate(FCGR)test,optical microscopy(OM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The tailored microstructures by heat treatments include the fine and coarse secondaryαphase,as well as the widmanstatten and basket weave features.The sample with coarse secondaryαphase exhibits better comprehensive properties of good crack propagation resistance(with long Paris regime ranging from 15 to 60 MPa·m1/2),high yield strength(1113 MPa)and ultimate strength(1150 MPa),and good elongation(11.6%).The good crack propagation resistance can be attributed to crack deflection,long secondary crack,and tortuous crack path induced by coarse secondaryαphase.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of heat treated LCB titanium alloy

The influence of ageing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-cost beta （LCB） titanium alloy with a chemical composition of Ti-6.6Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al was investigated. The correlation between microstructure and fatigue crack initiation and growth was also studied. Increasing ageing time tended to increase the volume fraction of the secondary α-precipitates, β-grain size and partial spheroidization of primary α-phase. The maximum tensile strength （1565 MPa） and fatigue limit （750 MPa） were obtained for the samples aged at 500 °C for 0.5 h, while the minimum ones of 1515 MPa and 625 MPa, respectively, were reported for the samples aged at 500 °C for 4 h. The samples aged at 500 °C for 4 h showed a transgranular fracture mode. However, the samples aged at 500 °C for 0.5 h revealed a mixture fracture mode of transgranular and intergranular. The formed cracks on the outer surface of the fatigue samples were found to propagate through the β-grains connecting the primary α-particles existing at the β-grain boundaries.

Morphology transformation of primary strip α phase in hot working of two-phase titanium alloy

Microstructural development in hot working of TA15titanium alloy with primary stripαstructure was investigated withthe aim to globularizeαstrips.Results show that the mechanisms of morphology transformation are the same to the spheroidizationmechanisms of lamellar structure.Boundary splitting and termination migration are more important than coarsening due to the largesize of stripα.Theαstrips are stable in annealing due to the unfavorable geometrical orientation of intra-αboundaries,the largethickness of strip and the geometrical stability ofαparticles.Predeformation and low speed deformation accelerate globularization ofαstrips in the following ways:direct changing of particle shape,promotion of boundary splitting and termination migration byincreasing high angle grain boundaries and interfacial area,promotion of coarsening by forming dislocation structures.Largepredeformation combined with high temperature annealing is a feasible way to globularize stripα.

Quantitative characterization of lamellarαprecipitation behavior of IMI834 Ti-alloy in isothermal and non-isothermal heat treatments

To reveal the affecting mechanism of cooling rate on lamellarαprecipitation,the precipitation behaviors of lamellarαphase in IMI834 titanium alloy during isothermal and non-isothermal heat treatments were quantitatively characterized using experimental analysis.Critical precipitation temperatures at various cooling rates were obtained using thermal dilatation testing.Using metallographic microscopy,electron microprobe analysis,and data fitting methods,the quantitative evolution models of average width,volume fraction,and solute concentration in theαandβphases were built for different temperatures or cooling rates.A comparison between the two precipitation behaviors showed that the average width and volume fraction of lamellarαphase under non-isothermal conditions were smaller than those under isothermal conditions.With increasing cooling rate,the average width and volume fraction were decreased significantly,and the critical precipitation temperatures were reduced.This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the decreased diffusion velocity of solutes Al,Mo,and Nb with increasing cooling rate.

Mechanical alloying and phase transformation in Fe-Si alloy

The Fe-Si mechanical alloying and its transformation are investigated to evaluate whether mechanical alloying is a useful process for producing Fe-Si alloy. The mechanical alloying process of Fe-Si powders is studied by SEM（ scanning electron microscopy）, EDS（energy dispersive spectrometer）and XRD（X-ray diffraction）. The results show that the ball milling process first makes tough Fe powder a lump structure and brittle Si powder a small particle, and then as the mill power increases, the tough powder of iron with a lamellar structure forms and the Si particles lies on or between the Fe lamellas. Finally, the Fe and Si powders are mechanically alloyed through atom diffusion. So the Fe and Si powders can be alloyed by 15 h ball milling at a speed of 400 r/min and with a ball-to-powder ratio of 40 ： 1. After heating at 1 243 K for 1 h, the milled powders transform to α-FeSi2, and after heating at 1 243 K for 1 h, then cooling to 1 073 K for 1 h, the milled powders transform to β-FeSi2. Therefore, the monophase α-FeSi2 or β-FeSi2 can be obtained by heat treatment of mechanically alloyed Fe-Si powders.

Preparation of ultrafine α-Al_2O_3 powders by catalytic sintering of ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide at low temperature

The precursor of ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide was synthesized by using aluminum sulfate（Al2（SO4）3） and ammonium carbonate（（NH4）2CO3）. The effects of α-Al2O3 seeds and mixture composed of α-Al2O3 and ammonium nitrate, as well as multiplex catalysts （AT） on phase transformation of alumina in sintering process were investigated respectively. The results show that the α-Al2O3 seeds and the mixture of α-Al2O3 and ammonium nitrate can lower the phase transformation temperature of α-Al2O3 to different extents while the particles obtained agglomerate heavily. AT has great potential synergistic effects on the phase transformation of alumina and reduces the phase transformation temperature of α-Al2O3 and the trends of necking-formation between particles. Therefore the dispersion of powder particles is improved significantly.

Microstructures and corrosion behaviors of Al−6.5Si−0.45Mg−xSc casting alloy

The microstructures and corrosion behaviors of the Al−6.5Si−0.45Mg casting alloys with the addition of Sc were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,electrochemical measurement techniques and immersion corrosion tests and compared with those of Sr-modified alloy.The results show that Sc has evident refining and modifying effects on the primaryα(Al)and the eutectic Si phase of the alloy,and the effects can be enhanced with the increase of Sc content.When the Sc content is increased to 0.58 wt.%,its modifying effect on the eutectic Si is almost same as that of Sr.Sc can improve the corrosion resistance of the test alloy in NaCl solution when compared with Sr,but the excessively high Sc content cannot further increase the corrosion resistance of the alloy.The corrosion of the alloys mainly occurs in the eutectic region of the alloy,and mostly the eutecticα(Al)is dissolved.This confirms that Si phase is more noble thanα(Al)phase,and the galvanic couplings can be formed between the eutectic Si andα(Al)phases.