Nb、Cu对新型高温锆合金α/β相变温度和腐蚀性能的影响

研究不同元素含量的Zr-Nb-Cu合金的显微组织和其在500℃、10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能,结果表明,在500℃、10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中,Zr-1.0Nb-0.05Cu合金的耐腐蚀性能最好,其耐腐蚀性能远远优于Zr-4和N18合金。在Zr-Nb-Cu合金中形成富含Nb、Fe、Cr的第二相粒子,这是影响锆合金耐腐蚀性能的一个原因。Zr-Nb-Cu合金在差热扫描量热仪分析的升温过程中,腐蚀产生的氢化物溶解,温度达到氢致α/β相变温度(约550℃)时开始β相变。添加Nb可以降低合金发生氢致β相变的温度,而增加Cu含量,可以降低合金腐蚀时的吸氢量,同时也使合金的耐腐蚀性能得到明显的提高。

Cl对Si_3N_4粉中α／β相含量的影响

本文研究了用ＳｉＣｌ４氨解法制备Ｓｉ３Ｎ４粉时，要得到高α相的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４粉的关键，在于必须使系统中杂质氯含量足够低．研究结果表明，在高纯Ｎ２气气氛中制粉，由于系统中氯含量较高，促使粉料中β相含量增高，α相含量降低．而在ＮＨ３气气氛中制粉，由于不断流动的ＮＨ３气，在高温下能携带出残留在粉料中的杂质ＮＨ４Ｃｌ，从而使粉料中的氯含量＜０．０１％，这时制得的粉料，其α相的含量均在９７％以上．

最轻的实用结构镁-锂合金

对实用结构镁-锂合金作了较全面简要的介绍,它是当今最轻的结构金属材料,早已在航天器中获得少量的应用。中国对镁-锂合金的研发与应用已跻身世界先进行列,柴东朗教授团队-西安四方超轻材料有限公司是中国镁-锂合金研发和生产的领军。中国首部镁-锂合金铸锭国家标准(GB/T 33141—2016)于2017年9月1日开始实施。镁-锂合金的抗拉强度不尽人意,在可预见的时期内不可能制出抗拉强度大于200 N/mm^2的镁-锂合金,因此它在工业中很难获得广泛的应用。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC21 titanium alloy by near-isothermal forging

Microstructure and tensile properties of TC21 titanium alloy after near-isothermal forging with different parameters plus solution treatment and aging were investigated. It is found that the residual β matrix, which was strengthened by fine secondary α platelets forming during aging, exists in all the samples; while primary equiaxed α phase, bent lamellar α phase and α plates are simultaneously or individually present in one sample. The strength of alloy increases proportionally with increasing the content of residual β matrix, which is the result of increasing α/β interphase boundary. The plasticity of alloy has a downward trend as the content of residual β matrix increases. This attributes to the increase of fine secondary α platelets, which are cut by dislocations during the deformation. Additionally, coarse α plates with long axis parallel to the maximum resolved shear stress（MRSS） also reduce the plasticity of TC21 alloy.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of heat treated LCB titanium alloy

The influence of ageing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-cost beta （LCB） titanium alloy with a chemical composition of Ti-6.6Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al was investigated. The correlation between microstructure and fatigue crack initiation and growth was also studied. Increasing ageing time tended to increase the volume fraction of the secondary α-precipitates, β-grain size and partial spheroidization of primary α-phase. The maximum tensile strength （1565 MPa） and fatigue limit （750 MPa） were obtained for the samples aged at 500 °C for 0.5 h, while the minimum ones of 1515 MPa and 625 MPa, respectively, were reported for the samples aged at 500 °C for 4 h. The samples aged at 500 °C for 4 h showed a transgranular fracture mode. However, the samples aged at 500 °C for 0.5 h revealed a mixture fracture mode of transgranular and intergranular. The formed cracks on the outer surface of the fatigue samples were found to propagate through the β-grains connecting the primary α-particles existing at the β-grain boundaries.

α″phase-assisted nucleation to obtain ultrafineαprecipitates for designing high-strength near-βtitanium alloys

The diffusion-multiple method was used to determine the composition of Ti−6Al−4V−xMo−yZr alloy(0.45<x<12,0.5<y<14,wt.%),which can obtain an ultrafine α phase.Results show that Ti−6Al−4V−5Mo−7Zr alloy can obtain an ultrafineαphase by using the α″phase assisted nucleation.The bimodal microstructure obtained with the heat-treatment process can confer the alloy with a good balance between the strength and plasticity.The deformation mechanism is the dislocation slip and the{1101}twinning in the primary α phase.The strengthening mechanism is α/β interface strengthening.The interface of(0001)α/(110)β has a platform−step structure,whereas(1120)α/(111)βinterface is flat with no steps.

Mechanical alloying and phase transformation in Fe-Si alloy

The Fe-Si mechanical alloying and its transformation are investigated to evaluate whether mechanical alloying is a useful process for producing Fe-Si alloy. The mechanical alloying process of Fe-Si powders is studied by SEM（ scanning electron microscopy）, EDS（energy dispersive spectrometer）and XRD（X-ray diffraction）. The results show that the ball milling process first makes tough Fe powder a lump structure and brittle Si powder a small particle, and then as the mill power increases, the tough powder of iron with a lamellar structure forms and the Si particles lies on or between the Fe lamellas. Finally, the Fe and Si powders are mechanically alloyed through atom diffusion. So the Fe and Si powders can be alloyed by 15 h ball milling at a speed of 400 r/min and with a ball-to-powder ratio of 40 ： 1. After heating at 1 243 K for 1 h, the milled powders transform to α-FeSi2, and after heating at 1 243 K for 1 h, then cooling to 1 073 K for 1 h, the milled powders transform to β-FeSi2. Therefore, the monophase α-FeSi2 or β-FeSi2 can be obtained by heat treatment of mechanically alloyed Fe-Si powders.

Effect of Different Sizes of α Phase on Tensile Properties of Metastable β Titanium Alloy Ti-5.5Cr-5Al-4Mo-3Nb-2Zr

To study the relationship between the microstructure and tensile properties of the novel metastable β titanium alloy Ti-5.5Cr-5Al-4Mo-3Nb-2Zr,a heat treatment process of ABFCA(solid solution in α+βregion with subsequent furnace cooling followed by aging treatment finally)was designed,by which α phases of different sizes can be precipitated in the β matrix.The results show that the microstructure obtained by this heat treatment process is composed of primary α(α_(p))phase,submicro rod-like α(α_(r))phase and secondary α(α_(s))phase.The alloy with multi-scale α phase has an excellent balance between strength and ductility.The elongation is about 18.3% at the ultimate tensile strength of 1125.4 MPa.The relationship between the strength of the alloy and the α phase was established.The strength of the alloy is proportional to the power of‒1/2 of the average spacing and width of α phase.The α_(s) phase with a smaller size and phase spacing can greatly improve the strength of the alloy by hindering dislocation slip.The transmission electron microscope analysis shows that there is a large amount of dislocation accumulation at the α/β interfaces,and many deformation twins are found in the α_(p) phase after tensile deformation.When the dislocation slip is hindered,twins occur at the stress concentration location,and twins can initiate some dislocations that are difficult to slip.Meanwhile,the plastic strain is distributed uniformly among the α_(p),α_(r),α_(s) phases and β matrix,thereby enhancing the ductility of the alloy.

高速冲击载荷下Ti6242钛合金的绝热剪切行为及裂纹扩展机理

为了研究Ti6242钛合金在不同冲击载荷下的绝热剪切行为和裂纹扩展机理,采用分离式Hopkinson Bar技术,在室温下对其进行冲击平均应变速率为3069~11337 s^(-1)的冲击试验,使用光学显微镜对其微观组织中的绝热剪切行为进行分析,并建立了裂纹形核及扩展模型。结果表明:Ti6242钛合金的抗冲击强度对冲击平均应变速率不敏感,塑性随着冲击平均应变速率的增加呈现增加趋势;绝热剪切带的数量随着冲击平均应变速率的增加而增加,片层状分布的α/β相会阻碍绝热剪切带的扩展,导致绝热剪切带出现分叉现象;高速冲击载荷下,孔洞在绝热剪切带内形核、长大、合并,最终形成微裂纹,微裂纹通过与前端孔洞合并继续扩展而形成宏观裂纹,导致材料断裂失效。