Stochastic resonance in a time-delayed mono-stable system with correlated multiplicative and additive white noise

This paper considers the stochastic resonance for a time-delayed mono-stable system, driven by correlated multiplicative and additive white noise. It finds that the output signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） varies non-monotonically with the delayed times. The SNR varies non-monotonically with the increase of the intensities of the multiplicative and additive noise, with the increase of the correlation strength between the two noises, as well as with the system parameter.

Analysis of weak signal detection based on tri-stable system under Levy noise

Stochastic resonance system is an effective method to extract weak signal.However,system output is directly influenced by system parameters.Aiming at this,the Levy noise is combined with a tri-stable stochastic resonance system.The average signal-to-noise ratio gain is regarded as an index to measure the stochastic resonance phenomenon.The characteristics of tri-stable stochastic resonance under Levy noise is analyzed in depth.First,the method of generating Levy noise,the effect of tri-stable system parameters on the potential function and corresponding potential force are presented in detail.Then,the effects of tri-stable system parameters w,a,b,and Levy noise intensity amplification factor D on the resonant output can be explored with different Levy noises.Finally,the tri-stable stochastic resonance system is applied to the bearing fault detection.Simulation results show that the stochastic resonance phenomenon can be induced by tuning the system parameters w,a,and b under different distributions of Levy noise,then the weak signal can be detected.The parameter intervals which can induce stochastic resonances are approximately equal.Moreover,by adjusting the intensity amplification factor D of Levy noise,the stochastic resonances can happen similarly.In bearing fault detection,the detection effect of the tri-stable stochastic resonance system is superior to the bistable stochastic resonance system.

New Blind Recognition Method of SCLD and OFDM in Alpha-Stable Noise

This paper deals with modulation classification under the alpha-stable noise condition. Our goal is to discriminate orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation type from single carrier linear digital (SCLD) modulations in this scenario. Based on the new results concerning the generalized cyclostationarity of these signals in alpha-stable noise which are presented in this paper, we construct new modulation classification features without any priori information of carrier frequency and timing offset of the received signals, and use support vector machine (SVM) as classifier to discriminate OFDM from SCLD. Simulation results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed algorithm can be up to 95% when the mix signal to noise ratio (MSNR) is up to ?1 dB.

PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR A CLASS OF STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS DRIVEN BY SMALL STABLE NOISES FROM DISCRETE OBSERVATIONS

We study the least squares estimation of drift parameters for a class of stochastic differential equations driven by small a-stable noises, observed at n regularly spaced time points ti = i/n, i = 1,...,n on [0, 1]. Under some regularity conditions, we obtain the consistency and the rate of convergence of the least squares estimator （LSE） when a small dispersion parameter ε→0 and n →∞ simultaneously. The asymptotic distribution of the LSE in our setting is shown to be stable, which is completely different from the classical cases where asymptotic distributions are normal.

对称α-stable与高斯的混合噪声中信号检测的几种新方法

文章首先对现有α-stable噪声中信号检测的几种方法进行概述、分析.在将背景噪声拓展为对称α-stable分布噪声和高斯噪声的混合噪声(一种更接近实际工程的噪声模型)时,基于一种可逼近于对称α-stable分布的表达式,提出了几种基于低阶矩理论的信号检测新方法.它们分别是:改进的矩方法、局部次最优新方法.它们有简单的表达式,容易实现.蒙特卡罗仿真试验结果表明,这几种新方法是行之有效的,检测性能优于现有的一些方法.

Evolutionary Game Dynamics in a Fitness-Dependent Wright-Fisher Process with Noise

Evolutionary game dynamics in finite size populations can be described by a fitness-dependent Wright- Fisher process. We consider symmetric 2×2 games in a well-mixed population. In our model, two parameters to describe the level of player＇s rationality and noise intensity in environment are introduced. In contrast with the fixation probability method that used in a noiseless case, the introducing of the noise intensity parameter makes the process an ergodic Markov process and based on the limit distribution of the process, we can analysis the evolutionary stable strategy （ESS） of the games. We illustrate the effects of the two parameters on the ESS of games using the Prisoner＇s dilemma games （PDG） and the snowdrift games （SG）. We also compare the ESS of our model with that of the replicator dynamics in infinite size populations. The results are determined by simulation experiments.

Low noise,continuous-wave single-frequency 1.5-μm laser generated by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator

We report a low noise continuous-wave （CW） single-frequency 1.5-μm laser source obtained by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （SRO） based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN）. The SRO was pumped by a CW single-frequency Nd：YVO4 laser at 1.06μm. The 1.02 W of CW single-frequency signal laser at 1.5 μm was obtained at pump power of 6 W. At the output power of around 0.75 W, the power stability was better than ±l.5% and no mode-hopping was observed in 30 min and frequency stability was better than 8.5 MHz in 1 min. The signal wavelength could be tuned from 1.57 to 1.59 μm by varying the PPLN temperature. The 1.5-μm laser exhibits low noise characteristics, the intensity noise of the laser reaches the shot noise limit （SNL） at an analysis frequency of 4 MHz and the phase noise is less than 1 dB above the SNL at analysis frequencies above 10 MHz.

A Probable Short Decimetric Type Ⅰ-like Noise Storm: Associated with Type Ⅲ Bursts?

A rare Type I-like noise storm was observed with the solar radio spectrometers (1.0-2.0 GHz and 2.60-3.8 GHz) at National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) on September 23, 1998. We concentrate on checking the Type I-like noise storm occurred in the decay phase of a Type Ⅳ radio burst. This noise storm consists of many Type I bursts and isolated Type Ⅲ or Type Ⅲ pair bursts. It has a bandwidth of ≤0.5 GHz. The duration of each Type I burst is of the order of 100-300 ms. The total duration is greater than 11 minutes. The circular polarization degree of the components of Type Ⅰ and associated Type Ⅲ bursts are about 40%-100% and almost 100%, respectively, which is greater than that of the background continuum (nearly the precision of our instrument). This short decimetric Type Ⅰ-like storm may be another kind or the extension of the kind of metric Type Ⅰ storm, and may possess the duality of metric and decimetric radio emission. It may be in favor of an earlier emission mechanism of the fundamental plasma radiation due to the coalescence of Langmuir waves with low-frequency waves.

Performance Analysis of Outage Probability and Error Rate of Square M-QAM in Mobile Wireless Communication Systems over Generalized α-μ Fading Channels with Non-Gaussian Noise

This paper derives new and exact closed-form expressions for the average symbol error rate(SER) of square M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM) in wireless communication systems over theα-μfading channels subject to an additive non-Gaussian noise. The obtained expressions take into account static and mobile wireless receivers. In addition, a closed-form expression for the outage probability in mobile networks is obtained. Please note that all derived expressions in this paper a valid for integer and non-integer values of the fading parameters. Analytical results are presented to study the impact of noise shaping parameter, severity of fading, and mobility on the average SER. Monte-Carlo simulations results are also provided to validate the accuracy of the analytical results.

Suppressive Influence of Time- Space White Noise on the Explosion of Solutions of Stochastic Fokker- Planck Delay Differential Equations

It is generally known that the solutions of deterministic and stochastic differential equations （SDEs） usually grow linearly at such a rate that they may become unbounded after a small lapse of time and may eventually blow up or explode in finite time. If the drift and diffusion functions are globally Lipschitz, linear growth may still be experienced, as well as a possible blow-up of solutions in finite time. In this paper, a nonlinear scalar delay differential equation with a constant time lag is perturbed by a multiplicative Ito-type time - space white noise to form a stochastic Fokker-Planck delay differential equation. It is established that no explosion is possible in the presence of any intrinsically slow time - space white noise of Ito - type as manifested in the resulting stochastic Fokker- Planck delay differential equation. Time - space white noise has a role to play since the solution of the classical nonlinear equation without it still exhibits explosion.

基于三稳态随机共振的ZPW-2000移频信号检测方法研究

针对ZPW-2000移频信号谐波干扰检测技术在抑制噪声时,不可避免损害有用信号的问题,提出三稳态随机共振系统,将部分噪声能量向移频信号能量转化,减少移频信号能量损失。首先,将移频信号的中心频率从较高频段搬移到较低频段,着重研究移频信号的有用频段。选取尺度变化系数为1 000,保证输入信号在尺度变化的过程中满足数值计算的稳定性,使尺度变换后的小参数信号满足绝热近似理论。其次,使用混沌麻雀算法(chaos sparrow search optimization algorithm, CSSOA)优化三稳态随机共振系统,得到输出信噪比(signal-to-noise ratios, SNR)最大时的系统参数a、b、c以及γ。然后,将搬移至低频区段的移频信号输入至优化后的三稳态随机共振系统,实现信号降噪。最后,对降噪信号采用复调制快速傅里叶算法(zoom fast fourier transformation, ZFFT)实现低频信号的检测。仿真结果表明:对比三稳态随机共振系统处理前后移频信号频谱图,显示频域特征增强,在降噪的同时不损害移频信号的能量;以-5 dB为步长将噪声注入至移频信号时,输出信噪比至少可提升16.54 dB;降噪后的信号通过ZFFT算法解调能够完成ZPW-2000移频信号低频信号的检测。对比经验模态分解算法、小波阈值算法等算法处理不同信噪比的含噪移频信号,验证混沌麻雀算法优化的三稳态随机共振系统输出信噪比较大,降噪效果较好,具有良好的抗干扰能力。研究结果为实现在抑制噪声的同时减少移频信号能量损失提供参考。

Quantification of photosynthetic inorganic carbon utilisation via a bidirectional stable carbon isotope tracer

The amount of bicarbonate utilised by plants is usually ignored because of limited measurement methods. Accordingly, this study quantified the photosynthetic assimilation of inorganic carbon （COe and HCO3-） by plants. The net photosynthetic COa assimilation （PN）, the photosynthetic assimilation of CO2 and bicarbonate （PN＇）, the proportion of increased leaf area （lEA） and the stable carbon isotope composition （δ13C） of Orychophragmus violaceus （Ov） and Brassica juncea （B j） under three bicarbonate levels （5, 10 and 15 mm NaHCO3） were examined to determine the relationship among PN, PN＇ and fLA. PN＇, not PN, changed synchronously with fLA. Moreover, the proportions of exogenous bicarbonate and total bicarbonate （including exogenous bicarbonate and dissolved CO2-generated bicarbonate） utilised by Ov were 2.27 % and 5.28 % at 5 mm bicarbonate, 7.06 % and 13.28 % at 10 mm bicarbonate, and 8.55 % and 17.31% at 15 mm bicarbonate, respectively. Meanwhile, the propor- tions of exogenous bicarbonate and total bicarbonate uti- lised by Bj were 1.77 % and 3.28 % at 5 mm bicarbonate, 2.11% and 3.10 % at 10 mm bicarbonate, and 2.36 % and 3.09 % at 15 mm bicarbonate, respectively. Therefore, the dissolved CO2-generated bicarbonate and exogenous bicarbonate are important sources of inorganic carbon for plants.

Semiannual velocity variations around the 2008 M_w 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake fault zone revealed by ambient noise and ACROSS active source data

We continuously monitor the long-term seismic velocity variation of one of the major ruptured faults of the devastating 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China from July 2009 to January 2012,jointly using accurately controlled routinely operated signal system active source and seismic noise-based monitoring technique.Our measurements show that the temporal velocity change is not homogeneous and highly localized in the damaged fault zone and the adjacent areas.Velocity variations from the active and passive methods are quite consistent,which both are characterized by ±0.2 % seasonal variation,with peak and trough at winter and summer,respectively.The periodic velocity variation within fault zone exhibits remarkably positive correlation with barometric pressure with stress sensitivity in the order of 10-6Pa-1,suggesting that the plausible mechanism might be the crack density variation of the shallow subsurface medium of the damaged fault zone in response to the cyclic barometric pressure loading.

DOA Estimation Based on Sparse Representation of the Fractional Lower Order Statistics in Impulsive Noise

This paper is mainly to deal with the problem of direction of arrival(DOA) estimations of multiple narrow-band sources impinging on a uniform linear array under impulsive noise environments. By modeling the impulsive noise as α-stable distribution, new methods which combine the sparse signal representation technique and fractional lower order statistics theory are proposed. In the new algorithms, the fractional lower order statistics vectors of the array output signal are sparsely represented on an overcomplete basis and the DOAs can be effectively estimated by searching the sparsest coefficients. To enhance the robustness performance of the proposed algorithms,the improved algorithms are advanced by eliminating the fractional lower order statistics of the noise from the fractional lower order statistics vector of the array output through a linear transformation. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed methods for a wide range of highly impulsive environments.

The Equilibrium Range of Wind Wave Spectra: an Explanation Based on White Noise

Laboratory experiments and field observations show that the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra presents a – 4 power law when it is scaled properly. This feature has been attributed to energy balance in spectral space by many researchers. In this paper we point out that white noise on an oscillation system can also lead to a similar inverse power law in the corresponding displacement spectrum, implying that the – 4 power law for the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra may probably only reflect the randomicity of the wind waves rather than any other dynamical processes in physical space. This explanation may shed light on the mechanism of other physical processes with spectra also showing an inverse power law, such as isotropic turbulence, internal waves, etc.

Nearly nonstationary processes under infinite variance GARCH noises

Let Y_(t) be an autoregressive process with order one,i.e.,Y_(t)=μ+ϕnY_(t-1)+εt,where fεtg is a heavy tailed general GARCH noise with tail indexα.Letϕn be the least squares estimator(LSE)ofϕn.Forμ=0 andα<2,it is shown by Zhang and Ling(2015)thatϕn is inconsistent when Y_(t) is stationary(i.e.,ϕn.,ϕ<1),however,Chan and Zhang(2010)showed thatϕn is still consistent with convergence rate n when Y_(t) is a unit-root process(i.e.,ϕn=1)and fεtg is a GARCH(1,1)noise.There is a gap between the stationary and nonstationary cases.In this paper,two important issues will be considered:(1)what about the nearly unit root case?(2)When canϕbe estimated consistently by the LSE?We show that whenϕn=1-c/n,then bϕn converges to a functional of stable process with convergence rate n.Further,we show that if limn!1 kn(1-ϕn)=c for a positive constant c,then kn(ϕn-ϕ)converges to a functional of two stable variables with tail indexα/2,which means thatϕn can be estimated consistently only when kn!1.

Automatic estimation and removal of noise on digital image

An spatially adaptive noise detection and removal algorithm is proposed.Under the assumption that an observed image and its additive noise have Gaussian distribution,the noise parameters are estimated with local statistics from an observed degraded image,and the parameters are used to define the constraints on the noise detection process.In addition,an adaptive low-pass filter having a variable filter window defined by the constraints on noise detection is used to control the degree of smoothness of the reconstructed image.Experimental results demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm.

Nonstationary Filtering for Markov Jumping Systems with Fading Channel and Multiplicative Noises

This paper studies the nonstationary filtering problem of Markov jump system under l2 - l∞ performance. Due to the difference in propagation channels, signal strength and phase will inevitably change randomly and cause the waste of signals resources. In response to this problem, a channel fading model with multiplicative noise is introduced. And then a nonstationary filter, which receives signals more efficiently is designed. Meanwhile Lyapunov function is constructed for error analysis. Finally, the gain matrix for filtering is obtained by solving the matrix inequality, and the results showed that the nonstationary filter converges to the stable point more quickly than the traditional asynchronous filter, the stability of the designed filter is verified.

α-稳定分布噪声环境下的非线性回声消除研究

针对广泛存在的非线性回声,以及在非高斯噪声环境下,传统回声消除器中自适应算法性能衰退,继而导致回声消除效果下降的情况,本文提出了一种基于最小离差准则的协同函数链接型自适应滤波回声消除方法.该方法使用归一化最小l_p范数算法更新线性和非线性函数扩展的自适应滤波器的权值,并将输出信号协同组合,以消除非线性回声.仿真实验结果表明,该方法在α-稳定分布噪声且非线性回声存在的情况下比传统回声消除方法具有更高的回声衰减增益.

一种自适应全局最小平均p-范数算法

本文给出了适应于α 稳定噪声环境中自适应滤波和系统辨识的全局最小平均p 范数算法 ,其是总体最小二乘方法在脉冲噪声中的推广 .本文还定义了全局lp 模误差和推导了点到直线的lp 距离 ,并在此基础上导出了全局最小平均p 范数算法 .对所给算法进行了仿真实验研究 。