白芨活性成分的抗氧化和对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用

采用甲醇回流提取、梯度萃取得到5个不同极性萃取物(正己烷萃取物、二氯甲烷萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物),分析萃取物中的总酚、总黄酮含量,以还原能力、对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除能力及α-淀粉酶抑制作用为评价指标研究其体外抗氧化和降血糖活性,并运用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法对甲醇粗提物的化学成分进行鉴定。结果显示:白芨不同极性萃取物中的总酚和总黄酮含量存在显著性差异,二氯甲烷萃取物表现出最高的总酚含量(311.27±0.96 mg/g)和总黄酮含量(22.19±1.47 mg/g)。各萃取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,其还原能力和对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力与其浓度呈现良好的线性依赖关系。白芨不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶具有一定的抑制作用,以二氯甲烷萃取物的抑制效果最显著,其IC50值为15.75 mg/m L。总酚含量与抗氧化及α-淀粉酶抑制活性呈显著正相关,表明多酚类物质是白芨发挥作用的物质基础。GC-MS分析了甲醇粗提物并鉴定出15个化合物,占总峰面积量的93.13%,主要化学成分为酯类(53.01%)、芳香族类(28.68%)、有机酸类(8.97%)化合物,表明芳香族类化合物中的多酚类物质是主要的活性成分,酯类、有机酸可能是潜在的活性成分。研究表明,白芨萃取物的生物活性成分含量丰富,具有较好的抗氧化和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,为白芨的进一步开发利用提供依据。

Chemical Constituents of Pu-erh Tea and Its Inhibition Effect on α-amylase in vitro

[Objective]The aim was to clarify the chemical substance basis of hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects of Pu-erh Tea. [Method]Pu-erh Tea was extracted with 95% ethanol,followed by petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butanol extraction,after the further purification and through the NKA-9 macroporous resin and many times of Sephadex column chromatography,two compounds were isolated,in the same time,the effect of Uracil and Gallic acid on α-amylase was studied. [Result]The Uracil and Gallic acid were isolated and identified respectively from Pu-erh Tea and the Uracil was firstly isolated from Pu-erh Tea; Gallic acid had strong inhibition on α-amylase. [Conclusion]It could provide some theories on the hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects of Pu-erh Tea.

超微粉碎对猕猴桃膳食纤维物化性质和活性的影响

以不同品种猕猴桃膳食纤维为原料,研究其主要成分和单糖组成,同时考察超微粉碎处理对膳食纤维物化特性、α-淀粉酶抑制作用和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,不同品种猕猴桃膳食纤维主要成分之间存在着一定差异,在单糖组成方面主要由葡萄糖、木糖和山梨糖构成。超微粉碎处理可显著减小膳食纤维颗粒的粒径,平均粒径为13.22～27.56μm。同时,处理可显著提高样品的持水性、持油性、溶解性和溶胀性,对α-淀粉酶活性的抑制作用均提高了一倍以上,而抗氧化活性也显著上升。