Glycine-β-cyclodextrin-assisted cometabolism of phenanthrene and pyrene by Pseudomonas stutzeri DJP 1 from marine sediment

Cometabolic degradation is currently an effective and extensively way to remove high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs).Unfortunately,due to low bio-accessibility and high biotoxicity,the cometabolic degradation rate of HMW-PAHs is limited.Glycine-β-cyclodextrin(GCD)was obtained through amino modification ofβ-cyclodextrin(BCD)and added to cometabolic system of phenanthrene(PHE)and pyrene(PYR)to assist PYR biodegradation.Results show that the addition of GCD(100 mg/L)effectively improved the removal rate of PYR(20 mg/L)by 42.3%.GCD appeared to increase the bio-accessibility and reduce the biotoxicity of PHE and PYR,and then promoted the growth of Pseudomonas stutzeri DJP1 and stimulated the elevation of dehydrogenase(DHA)and catechol 12 dioxygenase(C12O)activities.The phthalate metabolic pathway was accelerated,which improved the cometabolic degradation.This study provided a new reference for the cometabolic degradation of HMW-PAHs.

Synthesis and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin Modified Biochar Environmental Remediation Materials

In this paper, biochar (BC) was used as raw material, activated by deionizing aqueous solution, NaCl solution, CA solution and HCl solution respectively. Epichlorohydrin (EPI) was used as crosslinking agent, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was used to modify biochar (BC). The prepared modified biochar materials were labeled with β-CDBC, β-CDBC-Na, β-CDBC-CA and β-CDBC-H, respectively. The infrared spectrum, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and specific surface area of the four modified materials were tested. The results showed that the C-O stretching vibration peak at 1020 cm−1 of the modified materials was slightly offset compared with that of biochar. The characteristic absorption peaks of XRD pattern decrease obviously at 2θ = 26.7˚ and 29.5˚. It can be obviously observed on the electron microscope image that the surface is loaded or formed clathrates, and BET data and graphs also show that the specific surface area of the modified biochar is larger. Therefore, β-cyclodextrin successfully modified biochar and formed clathrates on the surface of biochar or was loaded in the pore structure of biochar, especially β-CDBC-CA achieved better modification effect. Because biochar and β-cyclodextrin raw materials are cheap, easy to prepare and green, and less prone to secondary pollution, it has a good advantage in environmental governance.

Preparation of waterborne polyurethane/β-cyclodextrin composite nanosponge by ion condensation method and its application in removing of dyes from wastewater

Currently,polymer nanosponges have received extensive attention.However,developing new synthetic techniques for novel nanosponges remains a challenge.Furthermore,to date,composite nanosponge adsorbents based on waterborne polyurethane(WPU)andβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)have not been reported.Herein,a novel green method,ion condensation method,was developed in this study for the preparation of polymer nanosponge adsorbents for efficient removal of dyes from wastewater.Based on the principle of charge repulsion between nanoparticles to maintain emulsion stability,waterborne polyurethane/β-cyclodextrin composite nanosponges(WPU-x,y)were prepared by coagulating the emulsions synthesized from 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid,polypropylene glycol and hexamethylene diisocyanate as raw materials in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and anhydrous ethanol.The structure and appearance of WPU-x,y were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermal gravimetric analyzer,scanning electron microscope and mercury intrusion porosimetry.The adsorption capacity of WPU-x,y was tested by parameters such as cross-linking degree,β-CD dosage,contact time,initial dye concentration and p H value.The study found that WPU-4,4.62 had the best adsorption effect on methylene blue(MB),the maximum removal rate was 93.42%,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 136.03 mg·g^(-1).Moreover,the Sips isotherm and pseudo-second-order-model were suitable for MB adsorption.Therefore,this study provides some perspectives for the fabrication of nanosponge adsorbents.

高效液相色谱法测定α-环糊精的对甲苯磺酰化产物

单对甲苯磺酰-α-环糊精酯(mono-OTs-α-CD)是制备其他α-CD单衍生物的重要中间体。建立了一种测定α-环糊精对甲苯磺酰化反应产物的液相色谱新方法。3种不同碳位上(C3、C2和C6)的(mono-OTs-α-CD)在ODS柱上被完全分离,保留时间依次为7.70、10.08和12.18 min。它们在5~500 mg·L^(-1)范围内的线性回归方程分别为y=89.176 x-559.19(R^(2)=0.9990),y=87.917 x-430.16(R^(2)=0.9996)和y=70.529 x-24.259(R^(2)=0.9992),回收率为92.5%~102.3%,RSDs小于1.8%,检出限(LOD)较低(0.5 mg·L^(-1)),说明该方法的准确性和精密度较好,能满足反应监测要求。初步考察了原料投料比、反应温度、反应时间和反应体系酸碱度对单取代反应的影响,在优化的反应条件(投料比为1:2,反应温度为15℃,反应时间为15 min)下,C3位上的mono-OTs-α-CD产率可达34.84%(n=3)。

VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF ASCORBIC ACID AT α-CYCLODEXTRIN INCORPORATED CARBON NANOTUBES-COATED ELECTRODE

制备了α -环糊精掺杂纳米碳管涂层电极并应用于抗坏血酸的电催化氧化 ,结果表明 ,氧化电位降低了 2 80mV ,电流响应明显增加。我们首次结合两种物质的特性 :纳米碳管的导电性及催化性能、α -环糊精的分子认知能力 ,对电极表面进行修饰。实验了抗坏血酸与α -环糊精超分子络合物的特性。差示脉冲技术用于定量分析抗坏血酸 ,线性范围为 2 .5× 10 -6～ 1.0× 10

α-环糊精对糯米淀粉凝胶特性的影响

为探究α-环糊精对糯米淀粉凝胶特性的影响。以糯米淀粉为原料,将α-环糊精(质量分数0%~10%)与糯米淀粉共混,测定淀粉凝胶的微观结构、流变特性、糊化特性、质构特性和短程有序性。结果表明:随着α-环糊精的添加,淀粉凝胶网络结构中的孔洞分布变得均匀。此外,α-环糊精的存在降低了淀粉凝胶的G′、硬度、回生值,但显著提高了凝胶的弹性和透明度。傅里叶红外结果表明,糯米淀粉的短程有序性随着α-环糊精添加量的增加而逐渐下降,α-环糊精与糯米淀粉之间并未发生化学反应。

α-环糊精在微泡含气饮料中的应用

微泡含气饮料作为一种新型的含气碳酸饮料广受消费者欢迎和喜爱,但存在气泡分布不均匀,产品持气性、稳定性不均一等问题。本实验通过比较不同pH溶液体系下α-环糊精添加量及充气量对产品气泡形态与持气性效果,旨在评估α-环糊精对微泡含气饮料的稳定性影响,以确定其在改善微泡含气饮料质量方面的潜力。研究结果表明,α-环糊精能够降低气泡表面张力,显著减小气泡粒径大小,并使微泡更均匀地分布在产品中。同时,α-环糊精添加量、CO_(2)充气量与产品的持气性呈正相关,随着α-环糊精添加量、CO_(2)充气量的增加,可以显著改善微泡含气饮料的稳定性。在微泡含气饮料应用中,添加α-环糊精与CO_(2)气体小分子形成包合物,能够提供丰富细腻的微气泡,延长持气时间。本研究为进一步探索α-环糊精在微泡含气饮料中的应用奠定了理论基础。

β-Cyclodextrin promoted oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids in water

A facile, efficient and substrate-selective oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with NaClO catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin in water has been developed. A series of aldehydes which could form inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） were oxidized selectively with excellent yields.

Inclusion complex of tamibarotene with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: Preparation,characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation

The goal of this study was to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of tamibarotene by complexing it with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD).The inclusion complex of tamibarotene with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(Am80-HP-β-CD)was prepared through a freeze-drying method at the mole ratio of 1:1(Am80:HP-β-CD).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)indicated the formation of Am80-HP-β-CD.In vitro dissolution studies showed that the solubility and dissolution percentage of Am80-HP-β-CD was improved substantially compared to Am80.An improved dissolution with approximately 97%drug release in 3 min was observed,in comparison with Am80 with approximately 60% release in 45 min.In vivo studies indicated that the AUC0-∞ has increased 2.79 times and the Cmax 4.37 times after the formation of inclusion complex.The decrease of tmaxindicated the Am80-HP-β-CD inclusion complex can be absorbed into blood faster.In short,the solubility and bio-availability of Am80 has notably increased with the complexation of HP-β-CD.Therefore,using the inclusion technique is a promising method to improve the solubility of insoluble drugs.

Preparation and characterization of β-cyclodextrin grafted N-maleoyl chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery

β-cyclodextrin (CD) grafted N-maleoyl chitosan (CD-g-NMCS) with two different degrees of substitution (DS) of N-maleoyl (DS = 21.2% and 30.5%) were synthesized from maleic anhydride and chitosan bearing pendant cyclodextrin (CD-g-CS). CD-g-NMCS based nanoparticles were prepared via an ionic gelation method together with chitosan and CD-g-CS nanoparticles.The size and zeta potential of prepared CD-g-NMCS nanoparticles were 179.2~274.0 nm and 36.2~42.4 m V, respectively. In vitro stability test indicated that CD-g-NMCS nanoparticles were more stable in phosphate-buffered saline compared with chitosan nanoparticles. Moreover, a poorly water-soluble drug, ketoprofen (KTP), was selected as a model drug to study the obtained nanoparticle’s potentials as drug delivery carriers. The drug loading efficiency of CD-g-NMCS20 nanoparticles were 14.8% for KTP. MTT assay showed that KTP loaded CD-g-NMCS nanoparticles were safe drug carriers. Notably, in vitro drug release studies showed that KTP was released in a sustained-release manner for the nanoparticles. The pharmacokinetic of drug loaded CD-g-NMCS20 nanoparticles were evaluated in rats after intravenous administration. The results of studies revealed that, compared with free KTP, KTP loaded CD-g-NMCS20 nanoparticles exhibited a significant increase in AUC0→24h and mean residence time by 6.6-fold and 2.9-fold, respectively. Therefore, CD-g-NMCS nanoparticles could be used as a novel promising nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for sustained release of poorly water-soluble drugs. The carboxylic acid groups of the CD-g-NMCS molecule provide convenient sites for further structural modifications including introduction of tissue-or disease-specific targeting groups.

Inclusion complexes of cefuroxime axetil with β-cyclodextrin:Physicochemical characterization, molecular modeling and effect of Larginine on complexation

The inclusion complexes of poorly water-soluble cephalosporin, cefuroxime axetil(CFA), were prepared with β-cyclodextrin(βCD) with or without addition of L-arginine(ARG) to improve its physicochemical properties. We also investigated the effect of ARG on complexation efficiency(CE) of βCD towards CFA in an aqueous medium through phase solubility behaviour according to Higuchi and Connors. Although phase solubility studies showed AL(linear) type of solubility curve in presence and absence of ARG, the CE and association constant(Ks) of βCD towards CFA were significantly promoted in presence of ARG,justifying its use as a ternary component. The solid systems of CFA with βCD were obtained by spray drying technique with or without incorporation of ARG and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry(XRPD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and saturation solubility and dissolution studies. The molecular modeling studies provided a better insight into geometry and inclusion mode of CFA inside βCD cavity. The solubility and dissolution rate of CFA were significantly improved upon complexation with βCD as compared to CFA alone. However, ternary system incorporated with ARG performed better than binary system in physicochemical evaluation. In conclusion, ARG could be exploited as a ternary component to improve the physicochemical properties of CFA via βCD complexation.

Triple-transforming gel prepared byβ-cyclodextrin,diphenylamine and lithium chloride in N,N-dimethylacetamide

This paper describes a triple-transforming gel system （gel-sol-gel＇） for the first time, which is a thermo-responsive and multi- component organogel prepared by β-cyclodextrin （β-CD）, diphenylamine （DPA） and lithium chloride （LiCl） in N,N-dimethyla- cetamide （DMAC） in a suitable proportion based on the supramolecular interactions. In the triple-transfomaing gel system, a gel （gel A） could be formed by β-CD, DPA and LiCl in DMAC at room temperature based on stirring, then the gel could transform into a clear solution based on heating, and then the other gel （gel B） can be formed at a relatively high temperature （Tget, the gelation temperature by heating）. The two gel states in the triple-transforming gel system have different microstructures. This gel system was characterized by OM, SEM, IR and theology.

Deep oxidative desulfurization of gas oil based on sandwich-type polysilicotungstate supported β-cyclodextrin composite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst

In this work,in order to obtain deep clean gas oil,a novel organic–inorganic hybrid(n-C4H9)4N)7H5Si2W18Cd4O68@β-cyclodextrin(abbreviated as TBA-Si WCd@β-CD)composite was synthesized by supporting quaternary ammonium salt of sandwich-type polysilicotungstate onβ-cyclodextrin(TBA-SiWCd@β-CD)as an efficient catalyst for oxidative desulfurization(ODS)of gas oil.The successful composition of the materials explained by the formation of host–guest inclusion complex,which confirmed through FTIR,UV–vis,XRD,SEM,and EDX characterization analyses.Experimental results revealed that the levels of sulfur content and mercaptan compounds of gas oil lowered with 97%removal efficiency.Compared with the ODS treatment of gas oil,the TBA-Si WCd@β-CD composite showed an outstanding catalytic performance for the oxidation of dibenzothiophene(DBT)in the prepared model fuel.The main factors that influence the desulfurization efficiency and the kinetic study of the ODS process were investigated.The prepared heterogeneous catalyst was found to give remarkable reusability for five runs without a discernible decrease in its activity.This study suggested the potential application of the TBA-Si WCd@β-CD catalyst for removal of hazardous sulfur compounds from gas oil fuel.

Electrokinetic movement of multiple chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils in the presence of β-cyclodextrin

This study investigated the electrokinetic （EK） behavior of multiple chlorobenzenes, including 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene （TeCB）, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene （i-TeCB）, and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene （TCB） in contaminated clayed soils. The effect of β-cyclodextrin （β- CD） on the EK removal of the chlorobenzenes was studied. The largest removal was obtained when Na2CO3/NaHCO3 buffer was used as anodic purging solution without β-CD. The removal efficiencies were related to the aqueous solubilities of chlorobenzenes. With the same cumulative electroosmotic flow, greater solubility led to higher removal efficiency. The addition of β-CD inhibited the EK removal efficiency of all chlorobenzenes. The inhibition increased with the increase of β-CD concentration. With the same β-CD concentration, the inhibition increased with the rise of electric potential. It was found that the inclusion compounds between β-CD and chlorobenzenzes were less soluble than chlorobenzenes. The formation of the less soluble inclusion compounds reduced the aqueous solubility of chlorobenzenes and led to the partial immobilization of the chlorobenzenes that desorbed from soil. It was feasible to use the EK technology to remove chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils using water as the anodic flushing solution. The addition of β-CD was not recommended for the EK removal of chlorobenzenes.

Study on the Structure of Supramolecular Inclusion Complex of β-Cyclodextrin with Retinoic Acid

Inclusion compound of retinoic acid with (-cyclodextrin was prepared by coprecipitating method, the structure of resulting product was studied by elemental analysis, differential scanning caloriemetry(DSC) analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, and the formed supramolecule self-assembles in aqueous solution according to molar ratio 2:1 of host-guest.

Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid,Xanthine,Hypoxanthine and Dopamine Based on β-Cyclodextrin Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A novel covalently modified glassy carbon electrode with β-cyclodextrin was prepared via electropolymerization technique for the simultaneous determination of uric acid（UA）,xanthine（XA）,hypoxanthine（HX） and dopamine（DA）.This new electrode presented an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of UA,XA,HX and DA by cyclic voltammetry（CV） method.The oxidation peaks of the four compounds were well defined and had the enhanced peak currents.The separation potentials of the oxidation peaks for DA-UA,UA-XA and XA-HX were 150,390 and 360 mV in CV,respectively.By means of differential pulse voltammetry（DPV） method,the calibration curves in the ranges of 10―225,5―105,10―170 and 5―150 μmol/L were obtained for UA,XA,HX and DA,respectively.The lowest detection limits（S/N=3） were 5,1.25,5 and 1.5 μmol/L for UA,XA,HX and DA,respectively.The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by the determination of DA in hydrochloride injection and UA,XA,HX in human urine samples.

Formation of the Inclusion Complex of Orange Ⅱ with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Photostability

Inclusion complex of Orange II with β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and the anti-photolysis effect under UV-light were investigated. The molar ratio of inclusion complex of β-Cyclodextrin and Orange Ⅱ is 1∶1. The formation constant K=1.236×10 3 L/mol was determined by the UV and Fluorescence spectra respectively, which was quite in accordance with the calculation with a modified Benesi-Hildbrand equation. The inclusion complex was characterized by the IR spectra and the molar ratio of inclusion complex is 1∶1 too. The formation constant K=1.266×10 3 L/mol was determined by 1 H NMR analysis and was nearly the same by UV and fluorescence spectra. The photocatalytic decolorization rate of Orange Ⅱ solutions containing β-CD and TiO_ 2 was smaller by 51.9% than that of the Orange Ⅱ solutions only containing TiO_ 2 , while in the case of direct photolysis of Orange Ⅱ solutions, β-CD can lower the photolysis rate by 48.1% under UV-light. This result indicates β-CD can inhibit the photolysis and photocatalytic decolorization of Orange Ⅱ under UV-light. The β-CD inclusion complex was found to be persistent to UV-light photolysis.

Fragrant Microcapsules Based onβ-Cyclodextrin for Cosmetotextile Application

Microencapsulation of neroline inside microcapsules having a polyurethane shell based onβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)and hexane diisocyanate was performed by interfacial polycondensation.The polyol nature ofβ-CD caused tight crosslinking of microcapsules wall.Microcapsules of neroline were characterized for their chemical composition and structure of the polyurethane shell by FTIR spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,optical and electron microscopy,light scattering and electrophoresis measurements.Core content and encapsulation yield were 15%and 60%,respectively.Spherical microcapsules of mean diameter 29μm were slightly cationic with an isoelectric point of 6.3.Neroline-loaded microcapsules were fixed on cotton fabric using an impregnation technique.The functionalized fabric showed improved resistance to washing cycles in comparison with previously reported diol-based microcapsules.Such microcapsules display great potential for the long-lasting release of fragrance in the framework of cosmetotextile.

Enantioseparation of Aminoglutethimide by High-speed Countercurrent Chromatography Using Carboxymethly-β-cyclodextrin as Chiral Selector

Enantioseparation of aminoglutethimide was performed by high-speed counter-current chromatography with a two-phase system composed of ethyl acetate： methanol： water = 10： 1： 9. The lower phase contained 20 mmol/L of carboxymethly-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. The enantiomers were separated in 1.2 h and identified by chiral HPLC. This method was very efficient for the chiral preparative separation.