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Synthesis and Evaluation of Aromatic DTPA-bis(amide)Gadolinium Complexes as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents 被引量:2
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作者 ZHUO Ren Xi WEN Jie WANG Lu 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1997年第2期58-64,共7页
Five DTPA bis(amide)s have been synthesized and characterized by means of 1 H NMR , FT IR and elemental analyses. The stability constants of their Gd 3+ complexes have been measured using a simple spec... Five DTPA bis(amide)s have been synthesized and characterized by means of 1 H NMR , FT IR and elemental analyses. The stability constants of their Gd 3+ complexes have been measured using a simple spectrophotometric method. The results show that the complexing properties of the ligands in comparison with those of DTPA are affected by converting two carboxyl groups to amide groups. The relaxation studies have shown that the relaxivity of the chelates is similar to that of Gd DTPA, indicating that in solution all the chelates have one water molecule directly coordinated to the metal ion. Only one water molecule in inner coordination sphere suggests the coordination of the carboxamide oxygen to gadolinium ion, which agrees with the FT IR results. 展开更多
关键词 SYNTHESIS aromatic DTPA bis(amide) GADOLINIUM RELAXIVITY
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Synthesis of Methyl-substituted Phthalazinone-based Aromatic Poly(amide imide)s 被引量:2
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作者 Xiu Ling ZHU Xi Gao JIAN Lian Zhou CHEN 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第9期824-825,共2页
A series of novel aromatic poly ( amide imide)s containing phthalazinone moieties were prepared from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-4-[3-methyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)-2,3-phthalazinone-1], a novel diamine 1 with four diimide-dicarboxy... A series of novel aromatic poly ( amide imide)s containing phthalazinone moieties were prepared from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-4-[3-methyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)-2,3-phthalazinone-1], a novel diamine 1 with four diimide-dicarboxylic acids by Yamazaki phosphorylation method with the inherent viscosity of 0.36~0.65 dL/g. These polymers had high glass transition temperatures above 300C and they lost 10% weight between 426~475C in N2. The structure of diamine 1 and the polymers was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and MS. The obtained polymers were readily soluble in polar solvents such as NMP, m-cresol etc. and easily cast into tough, flexible films. The X-ray indicated that they are all amorphous. 展开更多
关键词 aromatic poly(amide imide) PHTHALAZINONE synthesis heat-resistance.
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Rapid and efficient synthesis of new chiral aromatic amide molecular tweezers under solvent-free conditions using microwave 被引量:1
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作者 Xiao Xiang Zhao Zhi Gang Zhao Xing Li Liu Xiu Ming Wu 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第4期397-400,共4页
An efficient and simple method for the synthesis of new chiral aromatic amide molecular tweezers by irradiation with microwave under solvent-free conditions has been developed. Its main advantages are short reaction t... An efficient and simple method for the synthesis of new chiral aromatic amide molecular tweezers by irradiation with microwave under solvent-free conditions has been developed. Its main advantages are short reaction times, good conversions and the environmentally friendly nature of the process. 展开更多
关键词 Molecular tweezer aromatic amide Microwave irradiation Molecular recognition
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Cobalt-Catalyzed Switchable[4+1]and[4+1+1]Spirocyclization of Aromatic Amides with 2-Diazo-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione:Access to Spiro Indene-2,1'-isoindolinones and Spiro Isochroman-3,1'-isoindolinones
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作者 Bin Li Mengmeng Xie +3 位作者 Jingyu Li Nana Shen Xinying Zhang Xuesen Fan 《Chinese Journal of Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期363-369,共7页
Herein,we report a condition-controlled divergent synthesis of spiro indene-2,1'-isoindolinones and spiro isochroman-3,1'-isoindolinones through cobalt-catalyzed formal[4+1]and[4+1+1]spirocyclization of aromat... Herein,we report a condition-controlled divergent synthesis of spiro indene-2,1'-isoindolinones and spiro isochroman-3,1'-isoindolinones through cobalt-catalyzed formal[4+1]and[4+1+1]spirocyclization of aromatic amides with 2-diazo-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione.When the reaction is carried out under air in ethyl acetate,spiro indene-2,1'-isoindolinones are formed through Co(II)-catalyzed C—H/N—H[4+1]spirocyclization.When the reaction is run under O2 in CH3CN,on the other hand,spiro isochroman-3,1'-isoindolinones are generated through Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the in situ formed spiro indene-2,1'-isoindolinones with O2 as a cheaper and environmental-friendly oxygen source.In general,these protocols have advantages such as using non-precious and earth-abundant metal catalyst,no extra additive,high efficiency and regioselectivity.A gram-scale synthesis and the removal of the directing group further highlight its utility. 展开更多
关键词 Spiro indene-2 1'-isoindolinones Spiro isochroman-3 1'-isoindolinones 3d Transition metals Cobalt-catalyzed C-H Activation Switchable[4+1]and[4+1+1]spirocyclization aromatic amides 2-Diazo-1H-indene-1 3(2H)-dione
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A STUDY ON THE SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF AROMATIC AMIDE WITH LiAlH_4
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作者 Ru Yu CHEN Jian Wu WANG The Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,Nankai University,Tianjin,300071Jing Jiang LIU Gui Lin DUAN The Chemistry Department of Nankai University,Tianjin,300071 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1991年第4期269-272,共4页
In the synthesis of l-phenyl-5-substituted amino-4-pyrazole N-alkyl amide, it was found for the first time that one of the two aromatic amido groups in the molecule of 1-phenyl-5-benzoyl amino-4-pyrazole N-alkyl amide... In the synthesis of l-phenyl-5-substituted amino-4-pyrazole N-alkyl amide, it was found for the first time that one of the two aromatic amido groups in the molecule of 1-phenyl-5-benzoyl amino-4-pyrazole N-alkyl amide was reduced selectively by LiAlH_4. new conclusion was drawn after several experiments have been done that ortho-amino(or substituted amino)aryl amide or the aryl amide with its ortho substituent which can be reduced into an amino group(or substituted amino group)can not be reduced by LiAlH_4. It was further rationalized by quantum chemical calculation. 展开更多
关键词 A STUDY ON THE SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF aromatic amidE WITH LiAlH4 PI
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电化学炔烃氧化断键构建α-羰基芳酰胺衍生物的研究
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作者 杨帆 高梦 杨桂春 《湖北大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2024年第1期93-98,共6页
在电化学条件下进行亚硝基苯与缺电子炔烃的偶联反应,实现了碳碳三键的断裂并生成α-羰基芳酰胺。反应在阴极单电子还原产生亚硝基自由基,随后对炔烃进行自由基加成并通过分子内重排断键一步合成α-羰基芳酰胺。通过对反应机理进行研究... 在电化学条件下进行亚硝基苯与缺电子炔烃的偶联反应,实现了碳碳三键的断裂并生成α-羰基芳酰胺。反应在阴极单电子还原产生亚硝基自由基,随后对炔烃进行自由基加成并通过分子内重排断键一步合成α-羰基芳酰胺。通过对反应机理进行研究,表明α-羰基芳酰胺的氧来自于氧气。反应过程中使用氧气球提供氧气,10 mA恒定电流进行电解。该方法条件温和,操作简单,无需添加金属催化剂和额外的添加剂,具有良好的底物适用范围。 展开更多
关键词 1 4-二苯基-2-丁炔-1 4-二酮 氧化断键 电化学合成 α-羰基芳酰胺
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Synthesis of 2, 6-(substituded)pyridine Derivatives Using Amide and Imine Groups 被引量:9
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作者 Mei Ying LI, Pei Zhi HU*, Wan Ren ZHU, Kuo Xi XU College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2003年第6期572-574,共3页
A new wo-armed?acyclic diamide Ia 2, 6-bis(1-ethanecarbozamido-2-amino)pyridine, and a new series of aromatic aldehyde schiff bases containing pyridine ring and amide bridge, IIa-f, were prepared. The compounds were... A new wo-armed?acyclic diamide Ia 2, 6-bis(1-ethanecarbozamido-2-amino)pyridine, and a new series of aromatic aldehyde schiff bases containing pyridine ring and amide bridge, IIa-f, were prepared. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1HNMR and MS. The bioactivity half inhibitory concentration C1/2 is given. 展开更多
关键词 aromatic aldehyde Schiff bases PYRIDINE amide bridge.
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含活性羧基不同软段长度聚醚砜酰胺树脂制备及性能
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作者 文言泽 李东升 +3 位作者 李洪春 黄骁 严光明 张刚 《高分子材料科学与工程》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第3期26-33,共8页
以不同长度的长链醚胺与对氟苯甲酰氯为原料,通过界面亲电取代反应合成了3种双氟取代的长链醚胺,并采用常压溶液缩聚法,将其与联苯二酚、4,4'-二氯二苯砜及2-(双(4-羟基苯基)甲基)苯甲酸通过共聚的方式,制备了一系列新型不同脂肪链... 以不同长度的长链醚胺与对氟苯甲酰氯为原料,通过界面亲电取代反应合成了3种双氟取代的长链醚胺,并采用常压溶液缩聚法,将其与联苯二酚、4,4'-二氯二苯砜及2-(双(4-羟基苯基)甲基)苯甲酸通过共聚的方式,制备了一系列新型不同脂肪链段长度及含量的聚芳醚酰胺树脂。通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征了单体及聚合物的化学结构;差示扫描量热分析、动态力学热分析和热重分析结果表明所制备的聚合物具有优异的热性能,并且能够通过改变分子链段中软段的种类及共聚比例,对热性能进行一定程度的调整(玻璃化转变温度在83.9~215.3℃之间,热分解温度在361.3~426.3℃之间);通过拉伸实验对其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率进行了表征;摩擦学性能测试表明该系列聚合物摩擦系数为0.50~0.60。该类聚合物具有优良的热性能、力学性能及摩擦性能,可望作为特殊树脂材料用于高温、耐磨苛刻环境。 展开更多
关键词 半芳族聚醚酰胺 亲核取代 耐高温 摩擦系数
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Aromatic Amide Polymers that Form Two Helical Conformations with Twist Sense Bias in Water 被引量:1
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作者 Peng Zhang Zekun Wang +4 位作者 Liang Zhang Hui Wang Danwei Zhang Junli Hou Zhanting Li 《Chinese Journal of Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第7期678-682,共5页
Two benzene/2,2'-bipyridine-alternately incorporated amide polymers have been prepared, which are driven by hydrophobicity to form two different helical conformations. Both helices exhibit twist sense bias in water i... Two benzene/2,2'-bipyridine-alternately incorporated amide polymers have been prepared, which are driven by hydrophobicity to form two different helical conformations. Both helices exhibit twist sense bias in water induced by chiral valine side chains and the coordination of the 2,2'-bipyridine unit to the Ni2+ ions. 展开更多
关键词 FOLDAMER twist sense bias HELIX aromatic amide polymer
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Extraction of cobalt(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by N,N'-carbonyl difatty amides 被引量:2
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作者 Emad A.Jaffar Al-Mulla Khalid Waleed S.Al-Janabi 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第4期469-472,共4页
The development of economic and environmentally friendly extractants to recover cobalt metal is required due to the increasing demand for this metal.In this study,solvent extraction of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution u... The development of economic and environmentally friendly extractants to recover cobalt metal is required due to the increasing demand for this metal.In this study,solvent extraction of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution using a mixture of N,N'-carbonyl difatty amides(CDFAs) synthesised from palm oil as the extractant was carried out.The effects of various parameters such as acid,contact time,extractant concentration,metal ion concentration and stripping agent and the separation of Co(Ⅱ) from other metal ions such as Fe(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅲ) and Cd(Ⅱ) were investigated.It was found that the extraction of Co(Ⅱ) into the organic phase involved the formation of 1:1 complexes.Co(Ⅱ) was successfully separated from commonly associated metal ions such as Fe(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅲ) and Cd(Ⅱ).Co(Ⅱ) stripping from the loaded organic phase was studied in aqueous solution.These results are useful to recover Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution utilising(CDFAs) as an extractant. 展开更多
关键词 N N'-carbonyl difatty amides Solvent extraction Co(Ⅱ)
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N-H…X(X=F,Cl,Br,and Ⅰ)hydrogen bonding in aromatic amide derivatives in crystal structures 被引量:2
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作者 WANG DongYun WANG JiLiang +1 位作者 ZHANG DanWei LI ZhanTing 《Science China Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第10期2018-2026,共9页
Intramolecular N H···X (X=F, Cl, Br, and Ⅰ) hydrogen bonding patterns of aromatic amides in the solid state are summarized. It is revealed that the key for the formation of this kind of weak intramolec... Intramolecular N H···X (X=F, Cl, Br, and Ⅰ) hydrogen bonding patterns of aromatic amides in the solid state are summarized. It is revealed that the key for the formation of this kind of weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding in X-ray crystal structures is to suppress the competition of strong intermolecular N H···O C hydrogen bonding of the amide unit. For amides with identical backbones, the bonding capacity of halogen atoms as hydrogen bonding acceptors is in the order of F>Cl>Br>I, which is in accordance with their electronegativity strength. Generally, the five-membered hydrogen bonding is easier to form than the six-membered one. 展开更多
关键词 hydrogen bond halogen acceptor aromatic amide X-ray crystallography
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SYNTHESIS OF ALTERNATING COPOLY(AROMATIC ESTER-ALIPHATIC AMIDE)S
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作者 陆承勋 杨杨 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 1988年第6期489-495,共7页
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Recently, we demonstrated that active acylamide of benzotriazole (HBT) has the ability of selective N-acylation with aminoalcohols except the N-acylation
关键词 amidE hydroxyethyl TEREPHTHALATE polymerization METHYLENE aromatic calorimetry CARBONYL HYDROXYL latter
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MORPHOLOGY OF AROMATIC POLYAMIDE TYPE ASYMMETRIC REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES
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作者 陈嘉彦 毕庶春 +1 位作者 张兴达 郑领英 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 1981年第4期318-321,共4页
polyamide type has been studied under both electron and optical microscopes. Membranes of the aromatic polyamide type are prepared from corresponding polymeric solutions in N, N-dimethyl acetamide. The casting solutio... polyamide type has been studied under both electron and optical microscopes. Membranes of the aromatic polyamide type are prepared from corresponding polymeric solutions in N, N-dimethyl acetamide. The casting solution was spread with a glass knife over a glass plate to a definite thickness and was heated on a 展开更多
关键词 KNIFE POLYMERIC aromatic SPREAD HEATED definite amidE easting immersed hundred
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SYNTHESIS OF COPPER(Ⅱ) COMPLEXES OF n-ACETOACETYL AROMATIC AMIDE AND STUDY OF THEIR ICE NUCLEATION
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作者 张治民 黄涛 王丽娟 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 1985年第11期1559-,共1页
The n-acetoacetyl aromatic amide of complexes of copper (Ⅱ)and their ice nucleation has not yet been published. The reactants of the title complexes are cheap and the synthetic method is simple. A mixture of methanol... The n-acetoacetyl aromatic amide of complexes of copper (Ⅱ)and their ice nucleation has not yet been published. The reactants of the title complexes are cheap and the synthetic method is simple. A mixture of methanol so- 展开更多
关键词 COMPLEXES amidE aromatic methanol cheap nucleation silver AMBER IODIDE DRIED
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure of the Receptor Derived from Diethoxycarbonyl Glycoluril for Aromatic Amide Guest
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作者 Baohan Zhou Baoming Xu +3 位作者 Li Ma Meixi Wang Kun Chen Yanguo Chen 《Chinese Journal of Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第11期1111-1115,共5页
The receptor derived from the diethoxycarbonyl glycoluril was synthesized and characterized by IR,^(1)H NMR,MS techniques and X-ray single crystal analysis.Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the receptor re... The receptor derived from the diethoxycarbonyl glycoluril was synthesized and characterized by IR,^(1)H NMR,MS techniques and X-ray single crystal analysis.Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the receptor remains monomeric because of its bulky t-Bu groups on the side walls.Its unique binding properties for aromatic amides were studied through ^(1)H NMR and IR techniques. 展开更多
关键词 RECEPTOR aromatic amide binding properties crystal structure
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Organosoluble Aliphatic-Aromatic Poly(ether-amide)s Based on Pyridine Moiety in the Main Chain: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Studies
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作者 Mohsen Hajibeygi Meisam Shabanian 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第6期758-767,共10页
A series organosoluble and heterocyclic poly(ether-amide)s (PEA)s were synthesized from a new diamine containing pyridine moiety and four aliphatic-aromatic dicarboxylic acids by direct polycondensation reactions.... A series organosoluble and heterocyclic poly(ether-amide)s (PEA)s were synthesized from a new diamine containing pyridine moiety and four aliphatic-aromatic dicarboxylic acids by direct polycondensation reactions. Dicarboxilic acids 4a-4d containing ether groups were synthesized in two step reactions. At first, dialdehydes 3a-3d were synthesized from four dibromo alkanes la-ld and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 2, then dicarboxilic acids 4a-4d were synthesized from dialdehydes 3a-3d and malonic acid in a solvent free reaction. On the other hand, the new diamine 8 containing pyridine ring was synthesized in two step reactions. The structures of synthesized monomers and polymers were proven by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Also all of the above polymers were fully characterized by inherent viscosity, solubility tests, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The resulted PEAs have shown good inherent viscosities, solubility and thermal properties. 展开更多
关键词 Poly(ether-amide) ORGANOSOLUBLE Aliphatic-aromatic Polycondensation Malonic acid.
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手性芳酰胺类分子钳的设计与微波合成 被引量:5
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作者 王健 杨祖幸 +1 位作者 张清华 陈淑华 《有机化学》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第7期850-853,i004,共5页
以间苯二甲酸为隔离基,酰胺键桥联L-氨基酸甲酯构成手臂,在微波辐射下合成了具有不同手性中心和裂穴的新型手性芳酰胺类分子钳.结构均经1HNMR,IR及元素分析确证,并考察了其对芳香胺类化合物和D/L-氨基酸甲酯的识别性能.初步研究表明,这... 以间苯二甲酸为隔离基,酰胺键桥联L-氨基酸甲酯构成手臂,在微波辐射下合成了具有不同手性中心和裂穴的新型手性芳酰胺类分子钳.结构均经1HNMR,IR及元素分析确证,并考察了其对芳香胺类化合物和D/L-氨基酸甲酯的识别性能.初步研究表明,这类分子钳受体不仅对中性小分子具有优良的识别性能,其结合常数(Ka)可达2.66×103L?mol-1,而且对D/L-氨基酸甲酯亦具有良好的手性识别能力. 展开更多
关键词 分子钳 酰胺类 微波合成 L-氨基酸甲酯 芳香胺类化合物 设计 识别性能 间苯二甲酸 手性中心 微波辐射 元素分析 结合常数 识别能力 酰胺键 ^1H NMR 小分子 对中性 桥联 IR
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液晶性芳香酰胺化合物的合成 被引量:7
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作者 张东 周其凤 +2 位作者 马玉国 宛新华 冯新德 《高等学校化学学报》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 1997年第6期963-967,共5页
合成了一系列纯粹以酰胺基为中心桥键的刚性芳香酰胶小分子化合物,并对其作了表征,发现其中有些化合物具有液晶性.酰胺键之间能形成很强的分子间氢键,使芳香酰胶小分子化合物的熔点很高,难于形成液晶态.研究发现,如果在这类化合... 合成了一系列纯粹以酰胺基为中心桥键的刚性芳香酰胶小分子化合物,并对其作了表征,发现其中有些化合物具有液晶性.酰胺键之间能形成很强的分子间氢键,使芳香酰胶小分子化合物的熔点很高,难于形成液晶态.研究发现,如果在这类化合物的中心本环上引入合适的取代基以减弱分子间氢键,同时引入合适的末端基时,则可使芳香酰胶化合物生成液晶相的能力增强. 展开更多
关键词 液晶态 热致液晶 酰胺 芳香酰胺 合成
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双苯环长碳链半芳香尼龙的合成与表征 被引量:15
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作者 裴晓辉 赵清香 +3 位作者 刘民英 王玉东 王文志 曹少魁 《塑料工业》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第1期7-9,18,共4页
利用本体聚合方法 ,通过 4,4’ -二羧基联苯醚和 4,4’ -二羧基联苯砜分别与十二碳二胺的缩聚反应 ,制备了两种新型的半芳香尼龙 :聚联苯砜二甲酰十二碳二胺 (PA12 S)和聚联苯醚二甲酰十二碳二胺 (PA12 O)。研究了反应时间和反应温度... 利用本体聚合方法 ,通过 4,4’ -二羧基联苯醚和 4,4’ -二羧基联苯砜分别与十二碳二胺的缩聚反应 ,制备了两种新型的半芳香尼龙 :聚联苯砜二甲酰十二碳二胺 (PA12 S)和聚联苯醚二甲酰十二碳二胺 (PA12 O)。研究了反应时间和反应温度对聚合物摩尔质量的影响 ,并以IR、1HNMR表征了两种聚合物的结构 ;利用DSC、TG研究了聚合物的热性能。结果表明 :在一定范围内 ,升高反应温度和增加反应时间会提高产物的摩尔质量 ,两种半芳香尼龙具有较高的玻璃化转变温度 ,热分解温度比脂肪族尼龙高约 2 0℃ 。 展开更多
关键词 半芳香尼龙 聚联苯砜二甲酰十二碳二胺 聚联苯醚二甲酰十二碳二胺
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海洋链霉菌Streptomyces lusitanus SCSIO LR32中芳酰胺类代谢产物的研究 被引量:11
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作者 任香梅 黄洪波 +5 位作者 刘静 张云 马俊英 王博 张长生 鞠建华 《天然产物研究与开发》 CAS CSCD 2011年第4期591-595,共5页
采用硅胶柱色谱和半制备反相高效液相色谱分离方法,对南海海洋放线菌Streptomyces lusitanus SCSIOLR32的次级代谢产物进行了研究,分离得到四个酰胺类化合物,经MS1、H和13 C NMR波谱分析鉴定为二甲基甲苯2,4-二氨基甲酸甲酯(1),甲苯2,4... 采用硅胶柱色谱和半制备反相高效液相色谱分离方法,对南海海洋放线菌Streptomyces lusitanus SCSIOLR32的次级代谢产物进行了研究,分离得到四个酰胺类化合物,经MS1、H和13 C NMR波谱分析鉴定为二甲基甲苯2,4-二氨基甲酸甲酯(1),甲苯2,4-二氨基甲酸乙酯(2),甲苯2,6-二氨基甲酸甲酯(3)和甲苯2,6-二氨基甲酸乙酯(4)。运用X-单晶衍射确定了1的结构式。其中化合物2和4是首次从自然界中分离得到。采用16S分子生物学方法鉴定该菌株为链霉菌属放线菌。 展开更多
关键词 海洋放线菌 链霉菌属 酰胺 次级代谢产物
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