Synthesis of Acrylonitriles via Mild Base Promoted Tandem Nucleophilic Substitution-Isomerization ofα-Cyanohydrin Methanesulfonates

Main observation and conclusion We have developed an efficient synthesis of acrylonitriles via mild base promoted tandem nucleophilic substitution-isomerization ofα-cyanohydrin methanesulfonates with alkenylboronic acids.This transition metal-free protocol works under simple and mild conditions and offers good chemical yields for a wide range of substrates and demonstrates good functional group tolerance.

Copper methanesulfonate-acetic acid as a novel catalytic system for tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols

A synergistic catalytic effect between copper methanesulfonate and acetic acid in tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenol at room temperature under solvent free condition has been described. Both alcohols （primary, secondary and tertiary） and phenols reacted with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran smoothly to afford the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl ethers in good yields.

Acetic acid assisted cobalt methanesulfonate catalysed chemoselective diacetylation of aldehydes

Cobalt methanesulfonate in combination with acetic acid catalysed the chemoselective diacetylation of aldehyde with acetic anhydride at room temperature under solvent free conditions. After reaction, cobalt methanesulfonate can be easily recovered and reused many times. The reaction was mild and efficient with good to high yields.

Organolanthanide Compounds Containing Methanesulfonate and Pyrazinamide Ligand in Styrene Polymerization

The synthesis of organolanthanide compounds identified as LnCp^＊（MS）2PzA, Ln = Sm, Tb, Yb （MS = methanesulfonate, Cp^＊ = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, and PzA = pyrazinamide）, by the reaction of coordination compounds Ln（MS）3（PzA）4 with NaCp in THF was reported. The complexes were formulated according to elemental analyses, complexometric titration with EDTA （%Ln）, and ^1H NMR. IR spectroscopy revealed that PzA coordinates with lanthanide （Ⅲ） ions and methanesulfonate coordinates via oxygen atoms in a non-equivalent manner. In preliminary catalytic studies, these compounds were active in styrene polymerization that used MAO as a cocatalyst with an activity of 12.3 kg PS molSm^-1h^-1. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） of polystyrene showed that the polymer was mainly atactic.

Irrigation's effect and applied selection on the fiber quality of Ethyl MethaneSulfonate(EMS)treated upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Background: Producing rainfed cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) with high fiber quality has been challenging in the Texas High Plains because of extended periods of insufficient rainfall during sensitive boll developmental stages.Genetic variation created by Ethyl MethaneSulfonate(EMS) mutagen has successfully improved fiber quality of cotton. However, little is known about the effect of water deficit environments on fiber quality. Three EMS treated populations were advanced from the first to the fourth generation(M1 to M4) as bulk harvested populations. In2014, single-plant divergent selection was applied based on perceived morphological and agronomic differences seen during and at the end of the season.Results: Analyses from these selections in 2014-2016 showed significant(P< 0.05) improvement between and within populations for fiber traits(micronaire, length, strength, uniformity, and elongation) when compared with the original non-treated EMS source; some selections were found to have excellent fiber quality under diverse irrigationregimes.Conclusions: Some of these selections are being considered for germplasm release and could be useful for improving the fiber quality of cotton under water limited conditions, thereby helping to ensure the long-term survival of the cotton industry on the Texas High Plains.

Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells with Methanesulfonate Salts of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Its Derivatives

A series of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its alkylester methanesulfonates was exploited to photodynamic therapy（PDT） of human lymphocytic cells, U-937 in vitro. The PDT efficiency is influenced by the concentration and incubation time. Generally, for ALA and its alkylester methanesulfonates, the cell survival rate decreases and the accumulation ability of PplX increases with the concentration and incubation time. We found that the longer carbon chain methanesulfonates（C5-S, C6-S, C8-S） exhibit better PDT effect than ALA methanesulfonate. This possibly provides a promising route to the clinical application ofPplX-mediated PDT to cancer cell.

Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS)-Mediated Mutagenesis of Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i>L.)

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a stable and effective chemical mutagen. In this study, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. “Shannong No. 5”) seeds were treated by 1% EMS for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h to optimize EMS mutagenesis and determined median lethal dose of EMS (1% EMS and 24 h) for “Shannong No. 5”. After treated by 1% EMS for 24 h, 541 M1 plants were grown in greenhouse for phenotype investigation. The fertility of M1 cucumbers was very low, and only 79 lines produced seeds after self crossing. 60 independent M2 families comprising 600 M2 plants were investigated for phenotypic alteration, and 11 individual mutant lines were isolated into six groups: short-fruit mutants, long-fruit mutants, small-flower mutants, big-flower mutants, opposite-tendril mutants and clustered-leaf mutants. The mutation frequency was 18.3%. Two selected representatives, short-fruit mutants and clustered-leaf mutants, showed 1:3 of segregation ratio in M2 populations. This ratio is consistent with classic Mendelian model, indicating that the two kinds of mutants may be controlled by a single recessive gene, respectively. Long-fruit phenotype was stably inherited and no segregation was observed in M3 generation, indicating that this mutant line may be homozygous.

Irrigation's effect and applied selection on the fiber quality of Ethyl MethaneSulfonate (EMS) treated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Background:Producing rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with high fiber quality has been challenging in the Texas High Plains because of extended periods of insufficient rainfall during sensitive boll developmental stages.Genetic variation created by Ethyl MethaneSulfonate (EMS) mutagen has successfully improved fiber quality of cotton.However,little is known about the effect of water deficit environments on fiber quality.Three EMS treated populations were advanced from the first to the fourth generation (M1 to M4) as bulk harvested populations.In2014,single-plant divergent selection was applied based on perceived morphological and agronomic differences seen during and at the end of the season.Results:Analyses from these selections in 2014-2016 showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement between and within populations for fiber traits (micronaire,length,strength,uniformity,and elongation) when compared with the original non-treated EMS source;some selections were found to have excellent fiber quality under diverse irrigation-regimes.Conclusions:Some of these selections are being considered for germplasm release and could be useful for improving the fiber quality of cotton under water limited conditions,thereby helping to ensure the long-term survival of the cotton industry on the Texas High Plains.

纤花香茶菜EMS突变体库构建及ISSR与SSR分析

为筛选甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变处理纤花香茶菜种子的最佳处理条件,利用表型鉴定及ISSR和SSR双分子标记技术对典型表型变异植株进行分析,构建纤花香茶菜突变体库,为纤花香茶菜种质创新利用研究提供材料。结果表明,1.2%EMS处理7 h为纤花香茶菜种子最佳诱变处理。利用EMS诱变处理3000粒纤花香茶菜种子,对得到的1262株成株期M 1代材料进行表型鉴定,共筛选出489株表型变异植株,变异频率为38.7%,表型变异性状包括高杆、矮杆、粗茎、细茎、分枝、多分枝、叶色深等。M 2代经表型鉴定初步筛选出4株性状优良的单株。ISSR分析结果表明,9条引物共扩增出72个等位基因位点,平均每条引物扩增出8个位点,多态性位点有54个,多态性比率为75.00%。22个表型变异植株和对照组的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.6389~0.8472;SSR分析结果表明,13对SSR引物共扩增得到86个等位基因位点,平均每条引物扩增出7.81个位点,多态性位点有54个,多态性比率为62.79%。22个表型变异植株和对照组的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.5905~0.8286。基于ISSR及SSR的聚类分析结果都表明,对照组基本上能与表型变异植株区分开,说明大部分诱变植株与对照组在分子水平上具有一定的遗传差异。

“硫酸盐化—脱硫—甲基磺酸酸浸”回收废铅酸电池成套浸出工艺研究

缺乏经济环保的成套浸出工艺是湿法铅回收技术产业化的重要阻碍。为了解决现有湿法铅回收技术高产废、除杂难的问题,提出了基于“硫酸盐化—脱硫—甲基磺酸酸浸”的创新成套浸出工艺。通过使用SEM、XRD与XPS对每段工艺产物进行表征,对所提出的成套浸出工艺中各步骤的反应机理进行了初步推断。在对该成套浸出工艺的各个环节进行试验优化后,铅的回收率最高可达96.2%。ICP-OES表征结果初步表明,本浸出工艺能有效去除铅膏杂质,物料衡算结论则从理论上证明可实现较低产废。本工艺所得甲基磺酸铅产品应用领域广泛,综合来看,较现有再生铅浸出工艺更具有产业化的潜力。

1,4-苯二甲醇交联改性石油树脂的制备

针对C9石油树脂用作包覆材料时存在软化温度与残炭率低的问题,选用甲基磺酸(MSA)为质子酸催化剂,1,4-苯二甲醇(PXG)为交联剂,对石油树脂进行交联改性。考察了反应温度、PXG用量(PXG占石油树脂的质量分数)、MSA用量(MSA占石油树脂的质量分数)对改性石油树脂软化温度与残炭率的影响,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜等对改性树脂进行表征。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度220℃,PXG用量9%(w),MSA用量7%(w)。在此工艺条件下,改性石油树脂软化温度可提升到115.9℃,残炭率达19.84%(w),与改性前相比,改性石油树脂重均分子量、热稳定性均明显提升。

HPLC测定甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片有关物质

目的:建立并优化甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片有关物质的HPLC测定色谱方法。方法:采用单因素方法筛选样品前处理条件、HPLC检测的色谱条件,重点优化了流动相pH值,缓冲盐浓度及洗脱梯度。结果:所开发的方法,专属性强,对样品和降解产物可有效分离,峰纯度和物料平衡均符合要求。结论:该测定方法操作简便、准确,可用于甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释片有关物质的测定。

201和316不锈钢在甲基磺酸溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用极化曲线、交流电化学阻抗谱、X光电子能谱和浸泡测试等方法,研究了201和316不锈钢在甲基磺酸溶液中的腐蚀行为及机理.结果表明:在甲基磺酸溶液中,316不锈钢的耐蚀性良好,而201不锈钢在开路电位下耐蚀性较差,只有在溶液具有较强氧化性时才有较好的耐蚀性;201不锈钢在开路电位下形成的钝化膜具有多孔结构,这使得该不锈钢基体的耐蚀性较差,但在腐蚀电位提高后,钝化膜由多孔结构向致密结构转变,其耐蚀性得到提升;316不锈钢在甲基磺酸溶液中会形成致密钝化膜,钝化膜中Cr和Mo的含量对不锈钢的耐蚀性具有重要影响.该研究结果表明:316不锈钢可用做甲基磺酸储运器皿和浸出搅拌桨的材料,而201不锈钢不适用于上述应用.

甲磺酸对丙酸甲酯工业生产设备金属材质的腐蚀研究

在丙酸甲酯的生产过程中,一般需使用少量的甲磺酸调整体系酸值,随着甲磺酸的浓缩(浓度升高),会对设备造成腐蚀,通过试验研究压力1.0 MPa、温度100℃条件下含甲磺酸和甲醇的丙酸甲酯溶液对316L不锈钢、哈氏合金C-276、SS2205不锈钢、SS304不锈钢、TA2钛材的腐蚀情况,评价优选丙酸甲酯工业生产所用设备的材质。试验结果表明,丙酸甲酯工业生产设备材质优选SS2205和C-276,结合经济因素,选择SS2205更优。

Hydrometallurgical process for extracting bismuth from by-product of lead smelting based on methanesulfonic acid system

A new hydrometallurgical process based on the methanesulfonic acid system was proposed to extract the bismuth efficiently from by-products of lead smelting.The bismuth extraction process included electrorefining,oxidation leaching,and electrodeposition.The optimum conditions of the bismuth extraction process were determined by a single-factor test.The bismuth plate with a purity of 99.8%was obtained under the optimum conditions.Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were applied to investigating the cathode reaction mechanism of electrorefining.The results show that lead deposition,bismuth deposition,and hydrogen evolution occur at the cathode,and the reactions of metals deposition are irreversible and diffusion-controlled.In addition,decreasing the temperature and acidity can improve the purity of the cathodic product(lead powder)in the electrorefining process.

不同质量浓度MS-222对红尾副鳅麻醉效果的影响

【目的】探究不同质量浓度间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸盐(MS-222)对红尾副鳅(Paracobitis variegatus)的麻醉效果及其生理行为特征,为鱼类野外活体样本采集、驯养和繁育等科研生产活动提供麻醉技术并丰富鱼类麻醉理论。【方法】采用静水生物测试法,设置35.0、45.0、60.0、70.0、85.0、110.0、140.0、150.0、180.0和210.0 mg/L共10组MS-222质量浓度进行红尾副鳅麻醉试验,检测不同质量浓度MS-222药浴红尾副鳅后的麻醉和复苏阶段经过时间及呼吸频率,筛选适宜红尾副鳅驯养、繁育和疾病防治的MS-222麻醉剂质量浓度。【结果】依据MS-222麻醉红尾副鳅后其不同呼吸频率和行为特征,可将红尾副鳅麻醉程度分为应激期、轻度镇静期、深度镇静期、轻度麻醉期、麻醉期和深度麻醉期(A1~A6期)6个麻醉阶段,将复苏过程分为复苏期1~复苏期4(R1~R4期)4个复苏等级;10个质量浓度MS-222麻醉均能使红尾副鳅达到A6阶段,且均能复苏至R4等级。相关分析结果表明,MS-222质量浓度与麻醉时间呈显著负相关(R^(2)=-0.6003)(P<0.05,下同),与复苏时间呈显著正相关(R^(2)=0.7440);麻醉剂量均显著影响红尾副鳅的麻醉与复苏。各质量浓度MS-222处理红尾副鳅的呼吸频率均呈波浪式变化,麻醉和复苏阶段的呼吸频率均存在差异。在充氧条件下,35.0~210.0 mg/L MS-222处理红尾副鳅的复苏率均达100.0%。【结论】不同质量浓度MS-222处理红尾副鳅在麻醉和复苏阶段的呼吸频率均存在差异,理想的麻醉浓度区间为45.0~180.0 mg/L,110.0~180.0 mg/L的MS-222可用于红尾副鳅短时麻醉,45.0~85.0 mg/L的MS-222可用于红尾副鳅较长时间麻醉。

EMS诱导粒用高粱的突变体筛选和鉴定

为确定粒用高粱EMS处理的最佳浓度和时间,并创制粒用高粱新种质,本研究以粒用高粱亲本系2055B和10125为试验材料,采用不同时间和不同浓度甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理,调查EMS诱变对高粱出苗、叶色、叶形、穗型、育性及生育期等农艺性状的影响。结果表明,两粒用高粱亲本系的出苗率、幼苗成活率、结实率均随着EMS诱变时间和浓度的增加而降低,突变率则随着EMS诱变时间和浓度的增加而升高。同一水平EMS处理对两亲本的抑制作用不同,恢复系10125的出苗率、成苗率、结实率受抑制作用均小于保持系2055B。综合考虑出苗率、结实率和突变率等数据,2055B的最佳诱变处理时间和浓度为14 h和0.25%,10125的最佳诱变处理时间和浓度是14 h和0.3%。通过对诱变后M2代进行表型观察、鉴定和筛选,获得了早熟、矮秆、分蘖等性状的突变材料,初步构建了粒用高粱EMS突变体库,为开展高粱育种和功能基因定位提供了新种质和基础材料。

多黏菌素E甲磺酸钠治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎的效果观察

目的探讨多黏菌素E甲磺酸钠治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎的效果,以期为临床相关治疗提供参考。方法本研究选取2021年12月—2022年2月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院重症监护室收治的3名患者为研究对象。对3例患者均使用多黏菌素E甲磺酸钠联合其他药物治疗。收集多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者使用多黏菌素E甲磺酸钠后的一系列感染相关指标及器官功能变化资料。结果经过治疗,患者最终均取得了良好的治疗效果。结论多黏菌素E甲磺酸钠治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎的临床疗效可靠,但与有潜在肾功能损害的药物联合使用时应慎重选择。

废铅膏湿法回收过程中铜的电化学行为及净化

对甲磺酸湿法回收废铅酸蓄电池过程中典型杂质Cu^(2+)的电化学行为及其净化方法进行了研究。结果表明,Cu^(2+)在电解过程中优先于Pb^(2+)析出,造成电解铅纯度的下降,同时使还原铅的电流效率下降、能耗增大。Cu^(^(2+))的存在改变了Pb^(2+)的成核机理,从而使Pb^(2+)的还原电位正移。针对甲磺酸铅体系的特点,基于铅粉置换铜原理,提出采用流态法净化工艺代替传统的搅拌置换法,解决了搅拌法单次除铜净化铅粉消耗量大、净化成本高、效率低的缺点。在最佳除铜工艺条件(铅粉粒径为100~150目、温度为20℃、流速8~10 m/h、填充的铅粉柱高0.6~0.7 cm)下,采用流态化除铜工艺对实际废铅膏进行了净化处理,杂质Cu^(2+)去除率能够达到90%以上。

甲基磺酸体系粗铅电解精炼的电沉积行为与概念验证运行

提出一种替代传统氟硅酸体系的甲基磺酸(MSA)体系,它具有挥发性低、腐蚀性低、热稳定性良好和导电性高的优点,能够实现绿色高效铅电解精炼。探讨基于MSA体系的粗铅电精炼(MPR)电沉积行为,包括其运行机理、反应可逆性、形核和生长模式。基于循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CA),揭示受扩散控制且不可逆的MPR铅沉积过程,建立MPR铅沉积形核和生长的瞬态成核理论模型。MPR小规模验证性运行实现了104.22 kW·h/t Pb的能耗和99.24%的电流效率,相较于H_(2)SiF_(6)体系的120 kW·h/t Pb能耗与95%电流效率,具有竞争性。MPR小规模运行获得了纯度99.9925%且光滑致密的铅沉积层,满足铅锭纯度99.97%的标准(GB/T 469—2013)。