A rabbit model of traumatic optic nerve injury, established by occlusion of the optic nerve using a vascular clamp, was used to investigate the effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid recep...A rabbit model of traumatic optic nerve injury, established by occlusion of the optic nerve using a vascular clamp, was used to investigate the effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist GYKI 52466 on apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells following nerve injury. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay showed that retinal ganglion cells gradually decreased with increasing time of optic nerve injury, while GYKI 52466 could inhibit this process. The results demonstrate that following acute optic nerve injury, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells is a programmed process, which can be inhibited by the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist.展开更多
Homer1a是由中枢神经系统即刻早期基因(immediate early genes,IEG)编码的支架蛋白质,广泛的临床及基础研究表明Homer1a不仅与多种神经精神疾病的发病有关,也是多种抗抑郁治疗方案的关键蛋白质。抑郁症的发病与1型代谢型谷氨酸受体(meta...Homer1a是由中枢神经系统即刻早期基因(immediate early genes,IEG)编码的支架蛋白质,广泛的临床及基础研究表明Homer1a不仅与多种神经精神疾病的发病有关,也是多种抗抑郁治疗方案的关键蛋白质。抑郁症的发病与1型代谢型谷氨酸受体(metabotropic glutamate receptor,mGluR1/5)的表达和可用性降低,N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)的功能障碍所致的突触可塑性失调相关。Homer1a对mGluR1/5的作用具有高度特异性。Homer1a过表达可通过增加突触后膜mGluR1/5的表达和可用性,调节突触后膜的离子型谷氨酸受体NMDAR和α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异噁唑丙酸受体(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor,AMPAR),调节突触可塑性,最终发挥抗抑郁作用。Homer1a在突触活动的调节中发挥中心作用,因此了解Homer1a发挥作用的机制能为研究靶向Homer1a蛋白的抗抑郁药物提供新思路。展开更多
Autophagy has been suggested to participate in the pathology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage（HIBD）.However,its regulatory role in HIBD remains unclear and was thus examined here using a rat model.To induce HIBD,the...Autophagy has been suggested to participate in the pathology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage（HIBD）.However,its regulatory role in HIBD remains unclear and was thus examined here using a rat model.To induce HIBD,the left common carotid artery was ligated in neonatal rats,and the rats were subjected to hypoxia for 2 hours.Some of these rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine（10 m M in 10 μL） or the autophagy stimulator rapamycin（1 g/kg） 1 hour before artery ligation.Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia-ischemia-induced hippocampal injury in neonatal rats was accompanied by increased expression levels of the autophagy-related proteins light chain 3 and Beclin-1 as well as of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR 1,but by reduced expression of GluR 2.Pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine blocked hypoxia-ischemia-induced hippocampal injury,whereas pretreatment with the autophagy stimulator rapamycin significantly augmented hippocampal injury.Additionally,3-methyladenine pretreatment blocked the hypoxia-ischemia-induced upregulation of Glu R1 and downregulation of GluR2 in the hippocampus.By contrast,rapamycin further elevated hippocampal Glu R1 levels and exacerbated decreased GluR2 expression levels in neonates with HIBD.Our results indicate that autophagy inhibition favors the prevention of HIBD in neonatal rats,at least in part,through normalizing Glu R1 and GluR2 expression.展开更多
基金The Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, No. 200821137the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81160153
文摘A rabbit model of traumatic optic nerve injury, established by occlusion of the optic nerve using a vascular clamp, was used to investigate the effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist GYKI 52466 on apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells following nerve injury. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay showed that retinal ganglion cells gradually decreased with increasing time of optic nerve injury, while GYKI 52466 could inhibit this process. The results demonstrate that following acute optic nerve injury, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells is a programmed process, which can be inhibited by the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471488,81271378,81502157,and 81501291the Key Medical Subjects of Jiangsu Province of China,No.XK201120+3 种基金the Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development of Special Funds in China,No.BE2015644the Science and Technology Project of Suzhou City of China,No.SYSD2013105,SYS201446,SYS201441the Public Health Technology Project of Suzhou City of China,No.SS201536the Department of Pediatrics Clinical Center of Suzhou City of China,No.Szzx201504
文摘Autophagy has been suggested to participate in the pathology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage（HIBD）.However,its regulatory role in HIBD remains unclear and was thus examined here using a rat model.To induce HIBD,the left common carotid artery was ligated in neonatal rats,and the rats were subjected to hypoxia for 2 hours.Some of these rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine（10 m M in 10 μL） or the autophagy stimulator rapamycin（1 g/kg） 1 hour before artery ligation.Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia-ischemia-induced hippocampal injury in neonatal rats was accompanied by increased expression levels of the autophagy-related proteins light chain 3 and Beclin-1 as well as of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR 1,but by reduced expression of GluR 2.Pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine blocked hypoxia-ischemia-induced hippocampal injury,whereas pretreatment with the autophagy stimulator rapamycin significantly augmented hippocampal injury.Additionally,3-methyladenine pretreatment blocked the hypoxia-ischemia-induced upregulation of Glu R1 and downregulation of GluR2 in the hippocampus.By contrast,rapamycin further elevated hippocampal Glu R1 levels and exacerbated decreased GluR2 expression levels in neonates with HIBD.Our results indicate that autophagy inhibition favors the prevention of HIBD in neonatal rats,at least in part,through normalizing Glu R1 and GluR2 expression.
