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Utilizing sediment grain size characteristics to assess the effectiveness of clay–sand barriers in reducing aeolian erosion in Minqin desert area,China
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作者 SONG Dacheng ZHAO Wenzhi +5 位作者 LI Guangyu WEI Lemin WANG Lide YANG Jingyi WU Hao MA Quanlin 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期668-684,共17页
The clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area,China,represent a pioneering windbreak and sand fixation project with a venerable history of 60 a.However,studies on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of clay–sand b... The clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area,China,represent a pioneering windbreak and sand fixation project with a venerable history of 60 a.However,studies on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of clay–sand barriers against aeolian erosion,particularly from the perspective of surface sediment grain size,are limited and thus insufficient to ascertain the protective impact of these barriers on regional aeolian activities.This study focused on the surface sediments(topsoil of 0–3 cm depth)of clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area to explain their erosion resistance from the perspective of surface sediment grain size.In March 2023,six clay–sand barrier sampling plots with clay–sand barriers of different deployment durations(1,5,10,20,40,and 60 a)were selected as experimental plots,and one control sampling plot was set in an adjacent mobile sandy area without sand barriers.Surface sediment samples were collected from the topsoil of each sampling plot in the study area in April 2023 and sediment grain size characteristics were analyzed.Results indicated a predominance of fine and medium sands in the surface sediments of the study area.The deployment of clay–sand barriers cultivated a fine quality in grain size composition of the regional surface sediments,increasing the average contents of very fine sand,silt,and clay by 30.82%,417.38%,and 381.52%,respectively.This trend became markedly pronounced a decade after the deployment of clay–sand barriers.The effectiveness of clay–sand barriers in erosion resistance was manifested through reduced wind velocity,the interception of sand flow,and the promotion of fine surface sediment particles.Coarser particles such as medium,coarse,and very coarse sands predominantly accumulated on the external side of the barriers,while finer particles such as fine and very fine sands concentrated in the upwind(northwest)region of the barriers.By contrast,the contents of finest particles such as silt and clay were higher in the downwind(southeast)region of the sampling plots.For the study area,the deployment of clay–sand barriers remains one of the most cost-effective engineering solutions for aeolian erosion control,with sediment grain size parameters serving as quantitative indicators for the assessment of these barriers in combating desertification.The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the construction of windbreak and sand fixation systems and the optimization of artificial sand control projects in arid desert areas. 展开更多
关键词 clay-sand barriers sediment grain size grain size distribution aeolian erosion windbreak and sand fixation Minqin desert area
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Grain-filling strategies of wheat of contrasting grain sizes under various planting patterns and irrigation levels
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作者 Zimeng Liang Jingyi Feng +4 位作者 Jiayu Li Yangyang Tang Tiankang He Vinay Nangia Yang Liu 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期897-906,共10页
In a study comparing grain filling and yield in a large-and a small-grain-size wheat cultivar under two planting patterns and two irrigation regimes,plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting with sprinkler irrigation ... In a study comparing grain filling and yield in a large-and a small-grain-size wheat cultivar under two planting patterns and two irrigation regimes,plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting with sprinkler irrigation increased grain filling and yield in both cultivars.The largest contributors to grain yield were an extended active grain-filling period in Shuangda 1 and an increased mean grain-filling rate in XN538. 展开更多
关键词 Plastic-covered ridge and furrow cultivation Sprinkler irrigation WHEAT grain size grain filling
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Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a grain size QTL in the smallgrain sterile rice line Zhuo201S
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作者 Bin Lei Jiale Shao +5 位作者 Feng Zhang Jian Wang Yunhua Xiao Zhijun Cheng Wenbang Tang Jianmin Wan 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第7期2155-2163,共9页
The development and application of the small-grain rice sterile line Zhuo201S(Z201S)has demonstrated its potential for mechanized hybrid rice seed production,leading to significant cost reductions.However,the molecula... The development and application of the small-grain rice sterile line Zhuo201S(Z201S)has demonstrated its potential for mechanized hybrid rice seed production,leading to significant cost reductions.However,the molecular mechanism responsible for the small-grain size characteristic of Z201S remains unclear.In this study,we conducted a genetic analysis using near-isogenic lines constructed from Z210S,a small-grain rice sterile line,and R2115,a normal-grain variety.The results revealed that the small-grain trait in Z201S is governed by a single partially dominant gene which also enhances grain number.Through mapping,we localized the causal gene to the short arm of chromosome 2,within a 113 kb physical region delimited by the molecular markers S2-4-1 and LB63.Transgenic analysis and gene expression assays indicated LOC_Os02g14760 as the most likely candidate gene,suggesting that the small-grain size trait of Z201S is controlled by a novel locus that has not been previously identified. 展开更多
关键词 RICE grain size map-based cloning
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Grain size and surface micro-texture characteristics and their paleoenvironmental significance of Holocene sediment in southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert,China
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作者 MA Yunqiang LI Zhizhong +2 位作者 TAN Dianjia ZOU Xiaojun TAO Tonglian 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期632-653,共22页
The southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert,China,is characterized by alternating layers of aeolian and alluvial deposits.Investigating the characteristics of arenaceous sediment in this area is of significant imp... The southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert,China,is characterized by alternating layers of aeolian and alluvial deposits.Investigating the characteristics of arenaceous sediment in this area is of significant importance for understanding the interactive processes of wind and water forces,as well as the provenance of sediment.However,there are relatively few investigations on the characteristics of such sediment at present.In this study,we researched three aeolian-alluvial interactive stratigraphic profiles and different types of surface sediment on the desert-oasis transitional zone of southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert.Based on the optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating of aeolian sand and analyses of quartz sand grain size and surface micro-texture,we explored the aeolian-alluvial environmental change at southern margin of the desert in Holocene,as well as the provenance of sediment.The results indicated that the grain size characteristics of different types of sediment in the stratigraphic profiles were similar to those of modern dune sand,interdune sand,muddy desert surface soil,and riverbed sand.Their frequency curves were unimodal or bimodal,and cumulative probability curves were two-segment or three-segment,mainly composed of suspension load and saltation load.The quartz sand in the sediment at southern margin of the desert had undergone alternating transformation of various exogenic forces,with short transportation distance and time,and sedimentary environment was relatively humid.In Holocene,southern margin of the desert primarily featured braided river deposits,and during intermittent period of river activity,there were also aeolian deposits such as sand sheet deposits,stabilized dune deposits,and mobile dune deposits.The provenance for Holocene alluvial deposits at southern margin of the desert remains relatively constant,with the debris of the Tianshan Mountains being the primary provenance.Aeolian sand is mainly near-source recharge,which is formed by in situ deposition of fluvial or lacustrine materials in southern margin of the desert transported by wind erosion,and its provenance was still the weathered debris of the Tianshan Mountains.In addition,the sand in interior of the desert may be transported by northwest wind in desert-scale,thus affecting the development of dunes in southern margin of the desert.The results of this study provide a reference for understanding the composition and provenance changes of desert sand in the context of global climate change. 展开更多
关键词 aeolian-alluvial deposition grain size surface micro-texture sedimentary environment HOLOCENE
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Natural variation of an autophagy-family gene among rice subspecies affects grain size and weight
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作者 Shiying Huang Peng Wang +10 位作者 Caijing Li Qingwen Zhou Tao Huang Yicong Cai Qin Cheng Hui Wang Qi Zhong Zhihao Chen Liping Chen Haohua He Jianmin Bian 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期121-132,共12页
Elucidating the genetic basis of natural variation in grain size and weight among rice varieties can help breeders develop high-yielding varieties.We identified a novel gene,GW3a(Grain Weight 3a)(LOC_Os03g27350),that ... Elucidating the genetic basis of natural variation in grain size and weight among rice varieties can help breeders develop high-yielding varieties.We identified a novel gene,GW3a(Grain Weight 3a)(LOC_Os03g27350),that affects rice grain size and weight.gw3a mutants showed higher total starch content and dry matter accumulation than the wild type(WT),Nipponbare,suggesting that GW3a negatively regulates grain size and weight.Moreover,our study found that GW3a interacted with OsATG8 by cleaving it,suggesting that GW3a may be involved in the assembly of autophagosomes and starch degradation in plants.The haplotype analysis of GW3a showed functional differences between indica and japonica rice.Taken together,we conclude that GW3a is expressed in the autophagosome pathway regulating starch metabolism in rice,affecting yield-related traits,such as grain size,grain weight and thousand grain weight(TGW).Our findings also shed new light on autophagy-mediated yield trait regulation,proposing a possible strategy for the genetic improvement of high-yield germplasm in rice. 展开更多
关键词 grain size GW3a AUTOPHAGY Starch content
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Rice AGL1 determines grain size and sterile lemma identity
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作者 Haiping Yu An Wang +4 位作者 Guangheng Zhang Guojun Dong Longbiao Guo Qian Qian Deyong Ren 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期630-634,共5页
The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in ... The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in rice are far from established.Here,we isolated rice gene,AGL1 that controlled grain size and determines the fate of the sterile lemma.Loss of function of AGL1 produced larger grains and reduced the size of the sterile lemma.Larger grains in the agl1 mutant were caused by a larger number of cells that were longer and wider than in the wild type.The sterile lemma in the mutant spikelet was converted to a rudimentary glume-like organ.Our findings showed that the AGL1(also named LAX1)protein positively regulated G1 expression,and negatively regulated NSG1 expression,thereby affecting the fate of the sterile lemma.Taken together,our results revealed that AGL1 played a key role in negative regulation of grain size by controlling cell proliferation and expansion,and supported the opinion that rudimentary glume and sterile lemma in rice are homologous organs. 展开更多
关键词 Abnormal grain and sterile lemma 1 Oryza sativa grain size Rudimentary glume
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Correlation Study on Grain Size Characteristics and Geotechnical Properties of Surface Sediments in Qingdao Offshore Area
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作者 LI Anlong WANG Panpan +5 位作者 GUO Xijun JI Xiangkun SHEN Kunming LIN Lin YAN Zhichao YUAN Lin 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期721-730,共10页
The comprehension of sediment grain size parameters and the corresponding sedimentary environment holds paramount importance in elucidating the engineering geological attributes of the subaqueous seabed.This study del... The comprehension of sediment grain size parameters and the corresponding sedimentary environment holds paramount importance in elucidating the engineering geological attributes of the subaqueous seabed.This study delineated the sedimentary environment zoning in the northern sea area of Qingdao through cluster analysis of grain size parameters derived from 123 surface sediment samples.The study analyzed the correlation between sediment geotechnical indices and grain size parameters across diverse sedimentary environments.A correlation equation was established for samples exhibiting a strong correlation.The study found four distinct sedimentary environments in the study area:coastal,transitional,shallow sea,and residual.Within the same sedimentary environment,the average grain size and sorting coefficient exhibit significant correlations with geotechnical indices such as water content,density,shear strength,plastic limit,liquid limit,and plastic index.However,notable disparities in the correlation between grain size parameters and geotechnical indices emerge across different sedimentary environments. 展开更多
关键词 grain size parameters cluster analysis sedimentary environment CORRELATIONS geotechnical indexes
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Effect of grain size on gas bubble evolution in nuclear fuel:Phase-field investigations
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作者 孙丹 杨青峰 +7 位作者 赵家珺 高士鑫 辛勇 周毅 尹春雨 陈平 赵纪军 王园园 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期563-572,共10页
Numerous irradiation-induced gas bubbles are created in the nuclear fuel during irradiation, leading to the change of microstructure and the degradation of mechanical and thermal properties. The grain size of fuel is ... Numerous irradiation-induced gas bubbles are created in the nuclear fuel during irradiation, leading to the change of microstructure and the degradation of mechanical and thermal properties. The grain size of fuel is one of the important factors affecting bubble evolution. In current study, we first predict the thermodynamic behaviors of point defects as well as the interplay between vacancy and gas atom in both UO_(2) and U_(3)Si_(2) according to ab initio approach. Then, we establish the irradiation-induced bubble phase-field model to investigate the formation and evolution of intra-and inter-granular gas bubbles. The effects of fission rate and temperature on the evolutions of bubble morphologies in UO_(2) and U_(3)Si_(2) have been revealed. Especially, a comparison of porosities under different grain sizes is examined and analyzed. To understand the thermal conductivity as functions of grain size and porosity, the heat transfer capability of U_(3)Si_(2) is evaluated. 展开更多
关键词 grain size point defects fission gas bubble
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Effect of Skeleton Grain Size on the Saturation of Gas Hydrate in Natural Sediments
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作者 XU Zhenqiang LI Yang 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期676-682,共7页
Natural gas hydrate is prospected as a new and promising,highly clean energy resource that mainly occurs in perma-frost or at continental margins.Its formation is subject to many soil conditions,such as grain size,mat... Natural gas hydrate is prospected as a new and promising,highly clean energy resource that mainly occurs in perma-frost or at continental margins.Its formation is subject to many soil conditions,such as grain size,matrix materials,pore morphology,and permeability.In this study,we propose that grain size is the most decisive parameter that affects the saturation of gas hydrate in sediments based on data from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 164 and Mallik 5L-38,which represent marine sediments and terrestrial sediments,respectively.Our study reveals that high gas hydrate saturation generally occurs in coarse-grained sand,regardless of whether sediment formation is homogeneous or inhomogeneous,and the sorting of sediments may affect the hydrate saturation to a certain degree.Using grain size and sorting of sediments may be the most intuitive proxy method for a rough estimation of hydrate saturation.Further study is necessary to fully understand the relationship between hydrate morphology and sediment grain size,even though massive hydrates are typically found in fine clayey-rich sediments. 展开更多
关键词 grain size SATURATION gas hydrates ODP Leg 164 Mallik 5L-38
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GSW3.1,a novel gene controlling grain size and weight in rice
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作者 Yifei Jiang Mingao Zhou +2 位作者 Simin Ke Xiaoxiao Deng Yangsheng Li 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期796-802,共7页
Grain size and weight are closely related traits determining yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Since indica and japonica rice varieties differ significantly in multiple traits,a high-generation recombinant inbred line(RI... Grain size and weight are closely related traits determining yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Since indica and japonica rice varieties differ significantly in multiple traits,a high-generation recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from the crossing LH9(indica)and RPY(japonica)was used to map grainrelated traits in six environments.Pyramiding of the quantitative trait loci(QTL)for thousand-grain weight showed that combinations of multiple QTL significantly increased the phenotypic effect.A novel gene named GSW3.1 controlling grain size and weight was discovered using the major QTL for the colocalization of grain width and thousand-grain weight on chromosome 3.Gene editing revealed that GSW3.1(LOC_Os03g16850)was pleiotropic,positively regulating grain size and weight while affecting several other agronomic traits.Haplotype analysis indicated that some traits,including grain width and weight,were highly correlated with indica-japonica differentiation. 展开更多
关键词 RICE grain size and weight 3.1(GSW3.1) Quantitative trait locus Haplotype analysis
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Changes of grain size from peat profile in eastern mountainous area over past 2000 years,Jilin Province,Northeast China
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作者 ZHANG Xinrong WANG Jiayu +1 位作者 PING Shuaifei LI Yaran 《Global Geology》 2024年第3期132-144,共13页
Plenty of high-resolution paleoclimate investigations of the last thousand years were carried out to potentially predict future climate changes.Mountainous ombrotrophic peatland is one of the best recorders for high-r... Plenty of high-resolution paleoclimate investigations of the last thousand years were carried out to potentially predict future climate changes.Mountainous ombrotrophic peatland is one of the best recorders for high-resolution paleoclimate studies in the forest area.Grain size analysis was carried out on ombrotrophic peat profile in the eastern mountainous region of Jilin Province,Northeast China.The peat profile lasts the past 2000 a by four radiocarbon(AMS14C)ages.The results showed that the inorganic minerals in the peat profile are mainly silt,with some contribution from clay and a minor amount of sand,which are mainly due to wind dust and suspended transportation.Two paleoclimate stages are found in this peat profile by phytolith analysis,peat cellulose isotope research and historical documents:ca.45–1550 AD,relatively cold period;ca.1550 AD–present,relatively warm period.This finding is important for the initial study of paleoclimatic changes over the last 2000 a in the mountainous area of eastern mountainous area,Jilin Province,Northeast China. 展开更多
关键词 peat sediments grain size analysis PALEOCLIMATE
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Change in Grain-Size Composition of Lignite under Cyclic Freezing-Thawing and Wetting-Drying
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作者 Natalia S. Batugina Vladislav I. Fedorov 《Natural Resources》 2024年第1期17-27,共11页
The paper presents the change in grain-size composition of lignite under cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC). The article shows that in the spring and autumn periods the lignites can be subjected to... The paper presents the change in grain-size composition of lignite under cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC). The article shows that in the spring and autumn periods the lignites can be subjected to repeated freezing-thawing and wetting-drying, which determines the possibility of changing their grain-size composition and structure. Experimental studies in laboratory conditions on the influence of cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC) on the quality indicators of lignites have been carried out, their granulometric (fractional) composition has been studied. Freezing-thawing cycle conditions are as follows (FTC): minimum exposure temperature: -20°C;maximum: +5°C;relative humidity: 30%;number of processing cycles: 3. Wetting-drying cycles are as follows (WDC): drying temperatures are +20, +40, +60, +80°C, drying time 90 minutes, the coals are further subjected to rain (soaking) for a period of water saturation to humidity of 30% - 40% and dry again. The number of wetting-drying cycles is 3 times. The tests have revealed the destructive effects of FTC and WDC on the samples of lower metamorphic grade coal, and the cycles of wet-dry lead to the much higher yield of fine sizes (-6+0;-13+0 mm) than the cycles of freeze-thaw. Furthermore, it is found that the increase in the yield of fines depends on the heating temperature: coal disintegration proceeds more intensively at a higher temperature of drying. 展开更多
关键词 LIGNITE Freezing-Thawing Cycle Wetting-Drying Cycle grain size Composition Dust Coal Storage Loss Quality
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GL9 from Oryza glumaepatula controls grain size and chalkiness in rice 被引量:1
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作者 Shaojun Lin Zupei Liu +17 位作者 Kui Zhang Weifeng Yang Penglin Zhan Quanya Tan Yajun Gou Shuaipeng Ma Xin Luan Chubing Huang Zhili Xiao Yuanyuan Liu Bihuang Zhu Ruiqing Liang Wenqi Zhou Haitao Zhu Suhong Bu Guifu Liu Guiquan Zhang Shaokui Wang 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期198-207,共10页
Grain size is a key factor influencing grain yield and appearance quality in rice.We identified twelve quantitative trait loci(QTL)for grain length(GL),nine for grain width(GW),and nine for 1000-kernel weight(TKW)usin... Grain size is a key factor influencing grain yield and appearance quality in rice.We identified twelve quantitative trait loci(QTL)for grain length(GL),nine for grain width(GW),and nine for 1000-kernel weight(TKW)using GLU-SSSLs,which are single-segment substitution lines with Oryza glumaepatula as donor parent and Huajingxian 74(HJX74)as recipient parent.Among the QTL,qGL1-2,qGL1-4,qGL9-2,qGW2-2,qGW9-1 and qTKW9-2 contributed to high grain yield.GL9 was identified as a candidate gene for qGL9-2 by map-based cloning and sequencing,and is a novel allele of GS9.The kernel of NIL-gl9was slenderer and longer than that of HJX74,and the TKW and grain yield per plant of NIL-gl9 were higher than those of HJX74.The proportion of grain chalkiness of NIL-gl9 was much lower than that of HJX74.Thus,gl9 increased grain yield and appearance quality simultaneously.Three pyramid lines,NIL-gs3/gl9,NIL-GW7/gl9 and NIL-gw8/gl9,were developed and the kernel of each was longer than that of the corresponding recipient parent lines.The gl9 allele may be beneficial for breeding rice varieties with high grain yield and good appearance quality. 展开更多
关键词 Oryza glumaepatula GL9 grain size grain chalkiness Single-segment substitution line
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Revealing the grain size dependent hot workability and deformation mechanisms in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy 被引量:1
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作者 Ruiqing Lu Zhiming Xu +4 位作者 Fulin Jiang Shiwei Xu Dingfa Fu Hui Zhang Jie Teng 《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期1461-1471,共11页
Despite the industrial significance of grain size for enhancing mechanical properties and formability,the in-depth deformation mechanisms at elevated temperature are still unclear.To investigate the functions of grain... Despite the industrial significance of grain size for enhancing mechanical properties and formability,the in-depth deformation mechanisms at elevated temperature are still unclear.To investigate the functions of grain size on hot workability and deformation mechanisms,three groups of Mg-1.2Zn-0.2Y alloy specimens with different grain sizes were hot compressed and then studied by combining constitutive model,processing map and microstructural observations.The results showed that the enhanced hot workability accompanying low deformation activation energy and small instability regime was obtained with refined grain size.During hot deformation,the decreased grain size in Mg1.2Zn-0.2Y alloy mainly improved the plastic deformation homogeneity,especially for the weakened local straining around grain boundaries.As a result,the dynamic recrystallization nucleation and texture development at lower strain level were influenced by the initial grain size.At higher strain magnitude,the growth and coarsening of dynamic recrystallized grains would further release strain localization and improve hot workability,while the texture was less impacted.Further,unlike the primary basal slip and deformation twinning in the specimen with coarse grain at low temperature,non-basal slips of dislocations were initiated with less deformation twins in the specimens with refined grain size. 展开更多
关键词 Mg-Zn-Y alloy Hot workability Plastic deformation grain size TEXTURE
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Identification and validation of major QTL for grain size and weight in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) 被引量:2
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作者 Guangsi Ji Zhibin Xu +7 位作者 Xiaoli Fan Qiang Zhou Liangen Chen Qin Yu Simin Liao Cheng Jiang Bo Feng Tao Wang 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期564-572,共9页
Grain size and weight are key components of wheat yield.Exploitation of major underlying quantitative trait loci(QTL)can improve yield potential in wheat breeding.A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population was construct... Grain size and weight are key components of wheat yield.Exploitation of major underlying quantitative trait loci(QTL)can improve yield potential in wheat breeding.A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population was constructed to detect QTL for thousand-grain weight(TGW),grain length(GL)and grain width(GW)across eight environments.Genomic regions associated with grain size and grain weight were identified on chromosomes 4A and 6A using bulked segregant exome sequencing(BSE-Seq)analysis.After constructing genetic maps,six major QTL detected in at least four individual environments and in best linear unbiased estimator(BLUE)datasets,explained 7.50%-23.45%of the phenotypic variation.Except for QGl.cib-4A,the other five QTL were co-located in two regions,namely QTgw/Gw.cib-4A and QTgw/Gw/Gl.cib-6A.Interactions of these QTL were analyzed.Unlike QTgw/Gw/Gl.cib-6A,QTgw/Gw.cib-4A and QGl.cib-4A had no effect on grain number per spike(GNS).The QTL were validated in a second cross using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers.Since QTgw/Gw.cib-4A was probably a novel locus,it and the KASP markers reported here can be used in wheat breeding.TraesCS4A03G0191200 was predicted to be potential candidate gene for QTgw/Gw.cib-4A based on the sequence differences,spatiotemporal expression patterns,gene annotation and haplotype analysis.Our findings will be useful for fine mapping and for marker-assisted selection in wheat grain yield improvement. 展开更多
关键词 BSE-Seq Thousand-grain weight grain length grain width QTL mapping
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Hydrogen-induced optical properties of FC/Pd/Mg films:Roles of grain size and grain boundary
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作者 Nanxiang Deng Juan Chen +4 位作者 Liming Peng Fan Li Jianbo Wu Yan Chen Wenjiang Ding 《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期1970-1980,共11页
Nanomodification is an effective method to solve the thermodynamic and kinetics limitation of Magnesium(Mg)-based materials,which shows promising application prospects in hydrogen energy field.However,the role of the ... Nanomodification is an effective method to solve the thermodynamic and kinetics limitation of Magnesium(Mg)-based materials,which shows promising application prospects in hydrogen energy field.However,the role of the grain size of pure Mg on the hydrogen-induced performance of the hydrogen sensitive thin film under cyclic hydrogen loading/unloading process at room temperature has rarely been studied systematically.To study the relationship between the structure of Mg layer and the hydrogen-induced optical performance of fluorocarbon(FC)/Pd/Mg films,a series of Mg with different internal structures were prepared by changing the velocity of sputtered atoms under different sputtering powers.The FC/Pd/Mg(40 W)film with fine nanostructure showed faster hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics as well as a larger optical conversion range,which can be attributed to the large population of grain boundaries with high grain boundary energy and more hydrogen diffusion path.As sputtering power gradually increased from 40 W to 300 W,the grain inside films grew larger.The FC/Pd/Mg(300 W)film had more columnar-like regions inside and less grain boundaries with lower energy contributing to slower hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics and lower optical conversion range. 展开更多
关键词 grain size Sputteringpower grainboundaryenergy Hydrogenationproperties Mgfilms
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A combined experimental and crystal plasticity study of grain size effects in magnesium alloys
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作者 Aaditya Lakshmanan Mohsen Taheri Andani +3 位作者 Mohammadreza Yaghoobi John Allison Amit Misra Veera Sundararaghavan 《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第12期4445-4467,共23页
This work presents a method to incorporate the micro Hall-Petch equation into the crystal plasticity finite element(CPFE) framework accounting for the microstructural features to understand the coupling between grain ... This work presents a method to incorporate the micro Hall-Petch equation into the crystal plasticity finite element(CPFE) framework accounting for the microstructural features to understand the coupling between grain size, texture, and loading direction in magnesium alloys.The effect of grain size and texture is accounted for by modifying the slip resistances of individual basal and prismatic systems based on the micro Hall-Petch equation. The modification based on the micro Hall-Petch equation endows every slip system at each microstructural point with a slip system-level grain size and maximum compatibility factor, which are in turn used to modify the slip resistance. While the slip-system level grain size is a measure of the grain size, the maximum compatibility factor encodes the effect of the grain boundary on the slip system resistance modification and is computed based on the Luster-Morris factor. The model is calibrated using experimental stress-strain curves of Mg-4Al samples with three different grain sizes from which the Hall-Petch coefficients are extracted and compared with Hall-Petch coefficients predicted using original parameters from previous work. The predictability of the model is then evaluated for a Mg-4Al sample with different texture and three grain sizes subjected to loading in different directions. The calibrated parameters are then used for some parametric studies to investigate the variation of Hall-Petch slope for different degrees of simulated spread in basal texture,variation of Hall-Petch slope with loading direction relative to basal poles for a microstructure with strong basal texture, and variation of yield strength with change in grain morphology. The proposed approach to incorporate the micro Hall-Petch equation into the CPFE framework provides a foundation to quantitatively model more complicated scenarios of coupling between grain size, texture and loading direction in the plasticity of Mg alloys. 展开更多
关键词 HALL-PETCH Crystal plasticity grain size TEXTURE Magnesium alloys
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TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 2 regulates grain size in rice
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作者 Ling Jiang Ning Jiang +6 位作者 Zejun Hu Xuejun Sun Xian Xiang Yahui Liu Mingwei Wu Chunming Liu Xiaojin Luo 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期438-446,共9页
Grain size,characterized by a combination of grain length,width,and thickness,is one of the major determinants of yield in rice.The present study identified TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 2(TAF2)as an esse... Grain size,characterized by a combination of grain length,width,and thickness,is one of the major determinants of yield in rice.The present study identified TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 2(TAF2)as an essential component regulating transcription and determining grain size in rice.Map-based cloning showed that a G/T substitution in TAF2 resulted in a naturally occurring mutant called reduced grain size and plant height 1(rgh1).The mutants,with weak edited rgh1 alleles,exhibited a small grain phenotype with reduced grain length and width,while the severe knockout mutant(rgh1-2s)was dwarf and completely sterile.Allelic test performed between rgh1 and several edited alleles confirmed that the mutation in TAF2 caused the rgh1 phenotype.GUS staining showed that TAF2 was mainly expressed in the vascular bundles of roots,stems,leaves,and grains.The cytological analysis revealed that reduced cell division in the glumes resulted in the small grain phenotype of rgh1.Further RNA-sequencing detected altered expression of genes involved in the basic biological processes in rgh1 mutant.These findings provide novel insights into the TAF2-mediated genetic mechanism regulating grain size in rice. 展开更多
关键词 grain size TAF2 RGH1 Cell division RICE
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FGW1, a protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains, regulates grain size and filling in Oryza sativa L.
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作者 Yangyang Li Peilong He +7 位作者 Xiaowen Wang Hongyan Chen Jile Ni Weijiang Tian Xiaobo Zhang Zhibo Cui Guanghua He Xianchun Sang 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第5期1390-1400,共11页
Grain filling influences grain size and quality in cereal crops. The molecular mechanisms that regulate grain endosperm development remain elusive. In this study, we characterized a filling-defective and grain width m... Grain filling influences grain size and quality in cereal crops. The molecular mechanisms that regulate grain endosperm development remain elusive. In this study, we characterized a filling-defective and grain width mutant, fgw1, whose mutation increased rice seed width mainly via cell division and expansion in grains. Sucrose contents were higher but starch contents lower in the fgw1 mutant during the grainfilling stage, resulting in inferior endosperm of opaque, white appearance with loosely packed starch granules. Map-based cloning revealed that FGW1 encoded a protein containing DUF630/DUF632domains, localized in the plasma membrane with preferential expression in the panicle. RNA interference in FGW1 resulted in increased grain width and weight, whereas overexpression of FGW1 led to slightly narrower kernels and better grain filling. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, FGW1 interacted directly with the 14–3–3 protein GF14f, bimolecular fluorescence complementation verified that the site of interaction was the membrane, and the mutated FGW1 protein failed to interact with GF14f. The expression of GF14f was down-regulated in fgw1, and the activities of AGPase, StSase, and SuSase in the endosperm of fgw1increased similarly to those of a reported GF14f-RNAi. Transcriptome analysis indicated that FGW1 also regulates cellular processes and carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, FGW1 regulated grain formation via the GF14f pathway. 展开更多
关键词 Seed size grain filling DUF630/DUF632 Starch synthesis Rice
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Rational Design of Grain Size to Improve Rice Yield and Quality
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作者 TAO Yajun WANG Jun +8 位作者 XU Yang WANG Fangquan LI Wenqi JIANG Yanjie CHEN Zhihui FAN Fangjun ZHU Jianping LI Xia YANG Jie 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期1-5,共5页
Grain size, determined by grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is associated with grain yield and quality. Many genes controlling grain size were cloned and their related regulatory mechanisms were clearly c... Grain size, determined by grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is associated with grain yield and quality. Many genes controlling grain size were cloned and their related regulatory mechanisms were clearly clarified. However, whether these genes can be directly introduced into japonica rice for grain size improvement is unknown. 展开更多
关键词 YIELD RATIONAL size
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