The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China b...The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.展开更多
To detect retrospectively the phenotype and stability of the E-protein gene in Japanese Encephalitis （JE） virus strain SA14-14-2 used in the live-attenuated JE vaccine prepears, the viral titer was titrated by plaqu...To detect retrospectively the phenotype and stability of the E-protein gene in Japanese Encephalitis （JE） virus strain SA14-14-2 used in the live-attenuated JE vaccine prepears, the viral titer was titrated by plaque formation in BHK-21 cell cultures, and the neuro-virulence of viruses was assayed in mice with body weight of 12-14 g by intracerebral inoculation. Meanwhile, the total RNA of virus gene was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR with the designed primers, and then it was purified and cloned to the expression vector pGEM-T. The recombinant plasmid was purified and sequenced. It was found that the loss of viral titer of vaccines stored in -20℃ for longer than 10 years was less than 0.5 Lg PFU/ml. No mice inoculated intracerebrally showed signs of illness or even death. The size of plagues of the vaccine virus remained to be small, and the E genes of primary virus seed SA14-14-2 and the vaccines prepared at different years （1987-2001） were unchanged, in- cluding the 8 critical amino acid sites which were different from the parent wild virus strain SA14 and the related neuro-virulence. These results indicate that the genotypic and biological characteristics of the attenuated JE virus strain SA14-14-2 and its vaccines sion noted. prepared are quite stable without any reversion noted.展开更多
The living cationic polymerization of 4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)ethyl]styrene (TBDMES) was studied in methylcyclohexane (MeChx)/methylchloride (MeCl) (50/50 V/V) solvent mixture at -80 degrees C. The initiator 1,...The living cationic polymerization of 4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)ethyl]styrene (TBDMES) was studied in methylcyclohexane (MeChx)/methylchloride (MeCl) (50/50 V/V) solvent mixture at -80 degrees C. The initiator 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) capped 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl) was formed in situ in conjunction with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)). The Lewis acidity of TiCl(4) was decreased by the addition of titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)(4)) to accomplish living polymerization of TBDMES. Hydrolysis of poly(TBDMES) in the presence of tetra-butylammonium fluoride yielded poly[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)styrene] (poly(HOES)). FT-IR, NMR and DSC demonstrated the hydrolysis was complete.展开更多
Identification of waste characteristics is an important step towards improving waste recovery. The aim of this research was to determine the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of waste of Abomey–Calavi cit...Identification of waste characteristics is an important step towards improving waste recovery. The aim of this research was to determine the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of waste of Abomey–Calavi city and to study the relationship between standard of living and average ratio of daily waste generated by each person. In this study the methodology used French standards to characterize particle size and typology of solid waste generated by the population of Calavi City in Benin, West Africa. According to home criteria, the study area was stratified into three distinct levels of standard of living called: high standing, medium standing and low standing;Waste from 60 households was weighed daily. The total waste produced by each household was collected seven (7) days a week, for a period of three weeks. Waste characterization was performed using ratio, size granulometry and typological composition. Physico- Chemical analysis including organic mater, pH, Total Organic Carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and metal trace element were also performed. To better assess waste compostability, water extractable organic matter was quantified and qualitative identification was made with XAD8 and XAD4 resins. Results show that the amount of waste increases with the standard of living;the average ratio of daily waste generated is 0.89 kg day-1 person-1. Independently of the standard of living, fermentable compounds represent the largest proportion of waste materials (45%). Qualitative difference of waste content in organic matter is shown as a function of the population’s living standards. These results could be explained by a higher consumption of meat in the households with a higher standard of living, reflecting a greater proportion of transphilic (TPI), and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions. The C/N ratio is lower in the high standing households than in low ones. Metal trace element analysis showed a low but still significant pollution, whereas high iron and alu minum concentrations were found in all standings. In conclusion we propose a strategy for waste management in Abomey-Calavi based on sorting at the source to eliminate plastic waste and valorization of wastes via composting.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the evidence of homogeneous phenomenon on CYP3A5*3 MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18of the liver graft after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).METHODS:We identified the proportional change of the CYP3A...AIM:To investigate the evidence of homogeneous phenomenon on CYP3A5*3 MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18of the liver graft after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).METHODS:We identified the proportional change of the CYP3A5*3,MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18 from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell of 41 pairs recipient/donor with different genotype polymorphisms and 119liver graft biopsy samples used with the pyrosequencing technique after LDLT.Polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction assay and restriction fragment length polymorphism was employed for genotyping the CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*18 single nucleotide poly-morphisms(SNPs).All of the recipients and donors expressed with the similar SNP genotype of CYP3A5*3,MDR1-3435 or CYP3A4*18 were excluded.RESULTS:The final genetic polymorphisms of the liver graft biopsy samples of CYP3A5*3,MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18 was predominated depends on the donor with restriction fragment length polymorphism and seems to be less related to the recipient.The proportional changes of G to A alleles of the 119 samples of CYP3A5*3(included A】A/G,A/G】A,A/G】G,G】A,G】A/G and A】G),C to T alleles of the 108 samples of MDR1-3435(included C】C/T,C/T】C,C/T】T,T】C/T and T】C),and T to C alleles of 15 samples of CYP3A4*18(included T/C】T and T】C/T)were significant different between the recipients and the liver graft biopsy samples(P【0.0001)and less difference when compared with the donors in the pyrosequencing analysis after LDLT.CONCLUSION:The CYP3A5*3,MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18 of the recipient could be modified by the donor so-called homogenous phenomenon when the recipient’s blood drained into the liver graft.展开更多
In this work, the exp(-φ (ξ )) -expansion method is used for the first time to investigate the exact traveling wave solutions involving parameters of nonlinear evolution equations. When these parameters are taken to...In this work, the exp(-φ (ξ )) -expansion method is used for the first time to investigate the exact traveling wave solutions involving parameters of nonlinear evolution equations. When these parameters are taken to be special values, the solitary wave solutions are derived from the exact traveling wave solutions. The validity and reliability of the method are tested by its applications to Nano-ionic solitons wave’s propagation along microtubules in living cells and Nano-ionic currents of MTs which play an important role in biology.展开更多
To prevent malicious virtual machine from harming the security of vTPM-VM live migration process, we propose an im- proved vTPM-VM live migration protocol which uses a TPM-based integrity verification policy and a spe...To prevent malicious virtual machine from harming the security of vTPM-VM live migration process, we propose an im- proved vTPM-VM live migration protocol which uses a TPM-based integrity verification policy and a specific encryption scheme to enhance security. The TPM-based integrity verification policy is presented to ensure that all participating entities in this process are trustworthy. In data transfer phase, the specific encryp- tion scheme is designed to associate the decipher process with one certain platform status so that only the destination platform can gain the key data of the migrated VM and vTPM instance. The security of this new protocol is analyzed. The results show that this protocol can effectively resist most of the attacks in the proc- ess ofvTPM-VM live migration.展开更多
This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experimen...This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experiment of 108 participants was carried out to collect GPS tracking data in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. To identify the effect of living area, a comparative analysis between older drivers and others is conducted in densely inhabited district （DID, i.e., urban） and other areas （non-DID, i.e., suburban, rural, etc）, separately. The present study found that there was no sig- nificant difference between the trip characteristics of older drivers and others who were living in DID. Thus, we suggest that the education of safety driving and the rec- ommendation of public transportation should be given to DID-living older drivers. However, the results of non-DID reflected that older drivers＇ trip frequency, trip length, destination, and NHB trips rate were shorter and lower than others＇. This implies that electric vehicles may be suit- able for promotion among older drivers in suburban and rural area. Furthermore, the regression analysis confirmed that ＂older driver＂ was a significant independent variable on trip frequency, trip length, and NHB trips, and there were interaction effects between ＂older driver＂ and ＂living areas＂ on all trip characteristics.展开更多
Rapid,selective,and quantitative profiling of SO_(3)^(2-)is a prerequisite for investigating its effect on different physiopathological processes.To address this challenge,our team prepared a ratiometric fluorescent p...Rapid,selective,and quantitative profiling of SO_(3)^(2-)is a prerequisite for investigating its effect on different physiopathological processes.To address this challenge,our team prepared a ratiometric fluorescent probe HBTCS,based on 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde for specific detection of SO_(3)^(2-)under a singlewavelength excitation.The solution of probe HBTC-S itself exhibited orange fluorescence(λ_(em)=614 nm),and became green fluorescent(λ_(em)=471 nm)after the addition of SO_(3)^(2-).The vitro experiments suggested that the probe displayed high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,and a low detection limit(0.15μM).Moreover,probe HBTC-S was successfully applied for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of SO_(3)^(2-)in realistic samples and living HeLa cells in a ratiometric manner.展开更多
The binary random in-chain silyl-hydride multi-functionalized poly（styrene/butadiene/isoprene and dimethyl[4-（1-phenylvinyl） phenyl]silane） （PS-DPESiH, PB-DPESiH, PI-DPESiH） copolymers were successfully synthesi...The binary random in-chain silyl-hydride multi-functionalized poly（styrene/butadiene/isoprene and dimethyl[4-（1-phenylvinyl） phenyl]silane） （PS-DPESiH, PB-DPESiH, PI-DPESiH） copolymers were successfully synthesized. These functionalized copo- lymers were prepared in hexane with n-BuLi as the initiator at 50℃ for 4 h. The silyl-hydride groups were introduced into polymer backbones quantitatively by living anionic polymerization. The copolymers were determined through 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography （SEC） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） techniques, while the number of silyl-hych-ide groups was calculated and discussed.展开更多
文摘The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.
文摘To detect retrospectively the phenotype and stability of the E-protein gene in Japanese Encephalitis （JE） virus strain SA14-14-2 used in the live-attenuated JE vaccine prepears, the viral titer was titrated by plaque formation in BHK-21 cell cultures, and the neuro-virulence of viruses was assayed in mice with body weight of 12-14 g by intracerebral inoculation. Meanwhile, the total RNA of virus gene was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR with the designed primers, and then it was purified and cloned to the expression vector pGEM-T. The recombinant plasmid was purified and sequenced. It was found that the loss of viral titer of vaccines stored in -20℃ for longer than 10 years was less than 0.5 Lg PFU/ml. No mice inoculated intracerebrally showed signs of illness or even death. The size of plagues of the vaccine virus remained to be small, and the E genes of primary virus seed SA14-14-2 and the vaccines prepared at different years （1987-2001） were unchanged, in- cluding the 8 critical amino acid sites which were different from the parent wild virus strain SA14 and the related neuro-virulence. These results indicate that the genotypic and biological characteristics of the attenuated JE virus strain SA14-14-2 and its vaccines sion noted. prepared are quite stable without any reversion noted.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Project for Developing Advanced Human Resources for Higher Education(Elastomers and Biomaterials).
文摘The living cationic polymerization of 4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)ethyl]styrene (TBDMES) was studied in methylcyclohexane (MeChx)/methylchloride (MeCl) (50/50 V/V) solvent mixture at -80 degrees C. The initiator 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) capped 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl) was formed in situ in conjunction with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)). The Lewis acidity of TiCl(4) was decreased by the addition of titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)(4)) to accomplish living polymerization of TBDMES. Hydrolysis of poly(TBDMES) in the presence of tetra-butylammonium fluoride yielded poly[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)styrene] (poly(HOES)). FT-IR, NMR and DSC demonstrated the hydrolysis was complete.
文摘Identification of waste characteristics is an important step towards improving waste recovery. The aim of this research was to determine the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of waste of Abomey–Calavi city and to study the relationship between standard of living and average ratio of daily waste generated by each person. In this study the methodology used French standards to characterize particle size and typology of solid waste generated by the population of Calavi City in Benin, West Africa. According to home criteria, the study area was stratified into three distinct levels of standard of living called: high standing, medium standing and low standing;Waste from 60 households was weighed daily. The total waste produced by each household was collected seven (7) days a week, for a period of three weeks. Waste characterization was performed using ratio, size granulometry and typological composition. Physico- Chemical analysis including organic mater, pH, Total Organic Carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and metal trace element were also performed. To better assess waste compostability, water extractable organic matter was quantified and qualitative identification was made with XAD8 and XAD4 resins. Results show that the amount of waste increases with the standard of living;the average ratio of daily waste generated is 0.89 kg day-1 person-1. Independently of the standard of living, fermentable compounds represent the largest proportion of waste materials (45%). Qualitative difference of waste content in organic matter is shown as a function of the population’s living standards. These results could be explained by a higher consumption of meat in the households with a higher standard of living, reflecting a greater proportion of transphilic (TPI), and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions. The C/N ratio is lower in the high standing households than in low ones. Metal trace element analysis showed a low but still significant pollution, whereas high iron and alu minum concentrations were found in all standings. In conclusion we propose a strategy for waste management in Abomey-Calavi based on sorting at the source to eliminate plastic waste and valorization of wastes via composting.
基金Supported by A grant from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,CMRPG8A0631 to Chiu KW of Taiwan
文摘AIM:To investigate the evidence of homogeneous phenomenon on CYP3A5*3 MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18of the liver graft after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).METHODS:We identified the proportional change of the CYP3A5*3,MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18 from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell of 41 pairs recipient/donor with different genotype polymorphisms and 119liver graft biopsy samples used with the pyrosequencing technique after LDLT.Polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction assay and restriction fragment length polymorphism was employed for genotyping the CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*18 single nucleotide poly-morphisms(SNPs).All of the recipients and donors expressed with the similar SNP genotype of CYP3A5*3,MDR1-3435 or CYP3A4*18 were excluded.RESULTS:The final genetic polymorphisms of the liver graft biopsy samples of CYP3A5*3,MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18 was predominated depends on the donor with restriction fragment length polymorphism and seems to be less related to the recipient.The proportional changes of G to A alleles of the 119 samples of CYP3A5*3(included A】A/G,A/G】A,A/G】G,G】A,G】A/G and A】G),C to T alleles of the 108 samples of MDR1-3435(included C】C/T,C/T】C,C/T】T,T】C/T and T】C),and T to C alleles of 15 samples of CYP3A4*18(included T/C】T and T】C/T)were significant different between the recipients and the liver graft biopsy samples(P【0.0001)and less difference when compared with the donors in the pyrosequencing analysis after LDLT.CONCLUSION:The CYP3A5*3,MDR1-3435 and CYP3A4*18 of the recipient could be modified by the donor so-called homogenous phenomenon when the recipient’s blood drained into the liver graft.
文摘In this work, the exp(-φ (ξ )) -expansion method is used for the first time to investigate the exact traveling wave solutions involving parameters of nonlinear evolution equations. When these parameters are taken to be special values, the solitary wave solutions are derived from the exact traveling wave solutions. The validity and reliability of the method are tested by its applications to Nano-ionic solitons wave’s propagation along microtubules in living cells and Nano-ionic currents of MTs which play an important role in biology.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2014CB340600)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2015AA016002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61173138,61272452,61332018)
文摘To prevent malicious virtual machine from harming the security of vTPM-VM live migration process, we propose an im- proved vTPM-VM live migration protocol which uses a TPM-based integrity verification policy and a specific encryption scheme to enhance security. The TPM-based integrity verification policy is presented to ensure that all participating entities in this process are trustworthy. In data transfer phase, the specific encryp- tion scheme is designed to associate the decipher process with one certain platform status so that only the destination platform can gain the key data of the migrated VM and vTPM instance. The security of this new protocol is analyzed. The results show that this protocol can effectively resist most of the attacks in the proc- ess ofvTPM-VM live migration.
基金partially supported by the Center of Innovation Program from Japan Science and Technology Agency, JST
文摘This paper examines older driver＇s automotive trip （abbreviation： trip） characteristics which include trip frequency, trip length, destination distribution, and non- home-based （NHB） trips. A two-month experiment of 108 participants was carried out to collect GPS tracking data in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. To identify the effect of living area, a comparative analysis between older drivers and others is conducted in densely inhabited district （DID, i.e., urban） and other areas （non-DID, i.e., suburban, rural, etc）, separately. The present study found that there was no sig- nificant difference between the trip characteristics of older drivers and others who were living in DID. Thus, we suggest that the education of safety driving and the rec- ommendation of public transportation should be given to DID-living older drivers. However, the results of non-DID reflected that older drivers＇ trip frequency, trip length, destination, and NHB trips rate were shorter and lower than others＇. This implies that electric vehicles may be suit- able for promotion among older drivers in suburban and rural area. Furthermore, the regression analysis confirmed that ＂older driver＂ was a significant independent variable on trip frequency, trip length, and NHB trips, and there were interaction effects between ＂older driver＂ and ＂living areas＂ on all trip characteristics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22178395)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China(20B104)
文摘Rapid,selective,and quantitative profiling of SO_(3)^(2-)is a prerequisite for investigating its effect on different physiopathological processes.To address this challenge,our team prepared a ratiometric fluorescent probe HBTCS,based on 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde for specific detection of SO_(3)^(2-)under a singlewavelength excitation.The solution of probe HBTC-S itself exhibited orange fluorescence(λ_(em)=614 nm),and became green fluorescent(λ_(em)=471 nm)after the addition of SO_(3)^(2-).The vitro experiments suggested that the probe displayed high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,and a low detection limit(0.15μM).Moreover,probe HBTC-S was successfully applied for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of SO_(3)^(2-)in realistic samples and living HeLa cells in a ratiometric manner.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21034001,21174021)
文摘The binary random in-chain silyl-hydride multi-functionalized poly（styrene/butadiene/isoprene and dimethyl[4-（1-phenylvinyl） phenyl]silane） （PS-DPESiH, PB-DPESiH, PI-DPESiH） copolymers were successfully synthesized. These functionalized copo- lymers were prepared in hexane with n-BuLi as the initiator at 50℃ for 4 h. The silyl-hydride groups were introduced into polymer backbones quantitatively by living anionic polymerization. The copolymers were determined through 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography （SEC） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） techniques, while the number of silyl-hych-ide groups was calculated and discussed.
