The microstructures and phase transformation of Ti-43Al-4Nb alloy in as-cast and heat-treated states were investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as differential...The microstructures and phase transformation of Ti-43Al-4Nb alloy in as-cast and heat-treated states were investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that a fine microstructure of the as-cast alloy can be obtained by solidifying through the β phase. γ grains can nucleate directly from the β phase. The coexistence of β phase and γ phase along primary α grain boundaries contributes to the decrease in the grain size of the as-cast alloy. The phase transformation sequence during solidification of the Ti-43Al-4Nb alloy is suggested as L→L＋β→β→α＋β→α＋βr→α＋γ＋βr→lamellae（α2＋γ）＋γ＋βr. The microstructure of the alloy after heat treatment at 1 250 ℃ for 16 h exhibits a certain coarsening compared with that of the as-cast state. The remnant β phase can be removed by the heat treatment process due to the diffusion of Nb and the non-equilibrium state of β phase.展开更多
β-decay properties of N=18-22,Z=10-14 nuclei are analyzed with a new shell-model Hamiltonian using the Gogny densitydependent interaction.The Gogny force which has been widely and successfully used in mean-field theo...β-decay properties of N=18-22,Z=10-14 nuclei are analyzed with a new shell-model Hamiltonian using the Gogny densitydependent interaction.The Gogny force which has been widely and successfully used in mean-field theory can provide reasonable two-body matrix elements for cross-shell calculations.The log f t values andβ-decay level schemes are systematically studied using the D1S-Gogny interaction and compared with the SDPF-M results and experimental data.It is shown that the new Hamiltonian provides reliable results forβ-decay along with subtle level schemes for this region.Shell-model calculations with Gogny interaction can lead to a successful description of nuclei in and around the N=20 island of inversion and supplements experiment where sufficient data are not available.展开更多
Asthma is a chronic disease of airway inflammation due to excessive T helper cell type 2 （Th2） response. Present treatment based on inhalation of synthetic glucocorticoids can only control Th2-driven chronic eosinop...Asthma is a chronic disease of airway inflammation due to excessive T helper cell type 2 （Th2） response. Present treatment based on inhalation of synthetic glucocorticoids can only control Th2-driven chronic eosinophilic inflammation, but cannot change the immune tolerance of the body to external allergens. Regulatory T cells （Tregs） are the main negative regulatory cells of the immune response. Tregs play a great role in regulating allergic, auto- immune, graft-versus-host responses, and other immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the classification and biological characteristics, the established immunomodulatory mechanisms, and the characteristics of induced differentiation of Tregs. We will also discuss the progress of TregS in the field of asthma. We believe that further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of Tregs will provide better treatments and control strategies for asthma.展开更多
基金Project (14) supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University, ChinaProject (2008AA03A233) supported by the High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘The microstructures and phase transformation of Ti-43Al-4Nb alloy in as-cast and heat-treated states were investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that a fine microstructure of the as-cast alloy can be obtained by solidifying through the β phase. γ grains can nucleate directly from the β phase. The coexistence of β phase and γ phase along primary α grain boundaries contributes to the decrease in the grain size of the as-cast alloy. The phase transformation sequence during solidification of the Ti-43Al-4Nb alloy is suggested as L→L＋β→β→α＋β→α＋βr→α＋γ＋βr→lamellae（α2＋γ）＋γ＋βr. The microstructure of the alloy after heat treatment at 1 250 ℃ for 16 h exhibits a certain coarsening compared with that of the as-cast state. The remnant β phase can be removed by the heat treatment process due to the diffusion of Nb and the non-equilibrium state of β phase.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB834402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11235001,11320101004,and 11575007)the China-U.S.Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei(CUSTIPEN)funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science(Grant No.DESC0009971)
文摘β-decay properties of N=18-22,Z=10-14 nuclei are analyzed with a new shell-model Hamiltonian using the Gogny densitydependent interaction.The Gogny force which has been widely and successfully used in mean-field theory can provide reasonable two-body matrix elements for cross-shell calculations.The log f t values andβ-decay level schemes are systematically studied using the D1S-Gogny interaction and compared with the SDPF-M results and experimental data.It is shown that the new Hamiltonian provides reliable results forβ-decay along with subtle level schemes for this region.Shell-model calculations with Gogny interaction can lead to a successful description of nuclei in and around the N=20 island of inversion and supplements experiment where sufficient data are not available.
基金Zhejiang University and Springer-Vedag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
文摘Asthma is a chronic disease of airway inflammation due to excessive T helper cell type 2 （Th2） response. Present treatment based on inhalation of synthetic glucocorticoids can only control Th2-driven chronic eosinophilic inflammation, but cannot change the immune tolerance of the body to external allergens. Regulatory T cells （Tregs） are the main negative regulatory cells of the immune response. Tregs play a great role in regulating allergic, auto- immune, graft-versus-host responses, and other immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the classification and biological characteristics, the established immunomodulatory mechanisms, and the characteristics of induced differentiation of Tregs. We will also discuss the progress of TregS in the field of asthma. We believe that further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of Tregs will provide better treatments and control strategies for asthma.
