Reversed-Phase-HPLC Assay Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Sodium Chlorides in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Drug Solution for Infusion

A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chlorides in a drug solution for infusion. Sorbitol, Sodium lactate, and Chloride are all officially recognized in the USP monograph. Assay methods are provided through various techniques, with titrations being ineffective for trace-level quantification. Alternatively, IC, AAS, and ICP-MS, though highly accurate, are costly and often unavailable to most testing facilities. When considering methods, it’s important to prioritize both quality control requirements and user-friendly techniques. A simple HPLC simultaneous method was developed for the quantification of Chlorides, Sorbitol, and Sodium Lactate with a shorter run time. The separation utilized a Shimpack SCR-102(H) ion exclusion analytical column (7.9 mm × 300 mm, 7 μm), with a flow rate of 0.6 mL per min. The column compartment temperature was maintained at 40°C, and the injection volume was set at 10 μL, with detection at 200 nm. All measurements were conducted in a 0.1% solution of phosphoric acid. The analytical curves demonstrated linearity (r > 0.9999) in the concentration range of 0.79 to 3.8 mg per mL for Sodium Lactate (SL), 0.16 to 0.79 mg per mL for Sodium Chloride (SC), and 1.5 to 7.2 mg per mL for Sorbitol. Validation of the developed method followed the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2B) and USP. The method exhibited precision, robustness, accuracy, and selectivity. In accelerated stability testing over 6 months, no significant variations were observed in organoleptic analysis and pH. Consequently, the developed method is deemed suitable for routine quality control analyses, enabling the simultaneous determination of Sodium Lactate, Sodium Chloride, and Sorbitol in pharmaceutical formulations and infusions.

Evaluation of Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Testing and Tuberculin Skin Test for Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), a sensitive microbiological diagnostic method, in children and adolescents with suspected tuberculosis in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. Method: This study included 581 children and adolescents aged 4 - 19 years who were suspected of having tuberculosis, were latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and had received at least one dose of BCG vaccine between April 17, 2019, and February 24, 2021. The study evaluated the TST results of 106 patients who had a positive Quantiferon test and were suspected of having tuberculosis. Results: The study included 581 patients aged between 4 and 19 years. Of these, 106 patients tested positive for the Quantiferon test, while 19 were indeterminate and 456 were negative. The Quantiferon test positivity rate was 18.24%. Among the 106 QFT-Plus-positive cases, 23 patients also tested positive for TST. The difference in distribution was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The QFT-Plus test is considered an alternative to TST and other microbiological diagnostic methods for early tuberculosis diagnosis, particularly in children and adolescents.

用于卵巢癌标志物β-Gal检测的荧光探针研究进展

卵巢癌是最常见的妇科癌症之一,其患者大多数在晚期被诊断出,导致卵巢癌患者的死亡率高。因此,对隐匿症状的早期诊断是患者生存率提高的重要保障。β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)在原发性卵巢癌中的过表达而被认定为卵巢癌生物标志物,所以快速精准的β-Gal检测技术对卵巢癌早期诊断至关重要。近年来,荧光探针技术已成为生物体内监测和可视化的有力工具。目前已经报道了大量的用于检测β-Gal的荧光探针,但是,用于卵巢癌β-Gal检测和可视化成像的荧光探针相对较少。主要综述用于卵巢癌细胞生物标志物β-Gal检测的荧光探针的研究进展,并对探针的发展进行展望。

Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay for Rapid On-Site Detection of Tetracycline in Seawater

Recently increasing concerns from the scientists and public have been paid for seawater pollution due to tetracycline(TC)overuse in maricultural area.However,there are few methods or instruments that can be used for specific and rapid detection of this antibiotic in seawater.In this study,the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay(CG-ICA)was used to achieve this goal.A commercialized monoclonal antibody against TC(anti-TC mAb)was selected because of its higher sensitivity(half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.38μgL^(-1)).The prepared CG particles(average diameter of 20 nm)were used to label anti-TC mAb at pH 8.0.The conjugate pad was formed by spraying the CG-labeled anti-TC mAb on a glass fibre membrane followed by proper dryness.The test pad was made by immobilizing artificial antigen and anti-mouse mAb in the test line and the control line,respectively,in a nitrocellulose membrane.The test strip,assembled with sample pad,conjugate pad,test pad and absorbent pad,could be used to detect TC during seawater sample flowing through these components in turn.The results could be observed by the naked eye in 10min.The visible limit of detection(vLOD)was 20μgL^(-1) for TC in seawater.The CG-ICA test results were in good agreement with those of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The assay also showed that,oxytetracycline(OTC)and chlortetracycline(CTC),as the structural analogues of TC,did not interfere with TC determination.Furthermore,the TC concentration given by test strip could not be affected by the fluctuation of temperature(10℃–30℃),pH(7–9)and salinity(0–40)of seawater.Therefore,CG-ICA is a suitable tool for rapid,on-site,and semi-quantitative detection of TC in seawater.

A novel pathogenic splicing mutation of RPGR in a Chinese family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa verified by minigene splicing assay

AIM:To report a novel splicing mutation in the RPGR gene(encoding retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator)in a three-generation Chinese family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa(XLRP).METHODS:Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including best corrected visual acuity,fundus photography,vision field,and pattern-visual evoked potential were performed to identify the disease phenotype of a six-yearold boy from the family(proband).Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of five available members of the pedigree.Whole-exome sequencing(WES),Sanger sequencing,and pSPL3-based exon trapping were used to investigate the aberrant splicing of RPGR.Human Splice Finder v3.1 and NNSPLICE v0.9 were used for in silico prediction of splice site variants.RESULTS:The proband was diagnosed as having retinitis pigmentosa(RP).He had severe symptoms with early onset.A novel splicing mutation,c.619+1G>C in RPGR was identified in the proband by WES and in four family members by Sanger sequencing.Minigene splicing assays verified that c.619+1G>C in RPGR would result in the formation of a damaging alternative transcript in which the last 91 bp of exon 6 were skipped,leading to the subsequent deletion of 623 correct amino acids(c.529_619del p.Val177Glnfs*16).CONCLUSION:We identify a novel splice donor site mutation causing aberrant splicing of RPGR.Our findings add to the catalog of pathological mutations of RPGR and further emphasize the functional importance of RPGR in RP pathogenesis and its complex clinical phenotypes.

The Contribution of the Xpert® MTB/RIF Assay to the Surveillance of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Central African Republic

Introduction: The Central African Republic is one of the 30 high Tuberculosis burden countries in the world, with an incidence of 540 cases per 100,000 population and a mortality of 91 deaths per 100,000 population. Since 2020, following WHO recommendations, the National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis has been using the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay as a first-line diagnostic test for the early detection of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay to the surveillance of rifampicin resistance in new and previously treated tuberculosis cases. Materials and Methods: The data relative to the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay carried out on various categories of tuberculosis patients registered at the National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis in 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The categories of tuberculosis patients were new cases, failed treatment cases, relapse cases, lost-to-follow-up cases and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis contact cases. Results: A total of 1404 tuberculosis patients were registered at the NRL-TB in 2020;the mean age was 39.2 years (2 - 90 years) and the male-to-female sex ratio was 1.16:1. Overall, 32.7% (454/1404) proved infected with tuberculosis, of which 22.5% (102/454) cases showed resistance to rifampicin. The primary resistance rate was 9.1% (27/298) and the secondary resistance rate was 46.6% (75/161). Treatment failures and relapsed cases were significantly associated with rifampicin resistance (p 0.005). Conclusion: Large-scale use of Xpert® MTB/RIF, especially in the provinces of the Central African Republic, will help the Ministry of Health to better control Drug Resistance Tuberculosis in the country.

Comparative assessment of nitrogen fixation rate by ^(15)N_(2) tracer assays in the South China Sea

Nitrogen fixation is one of the most important sources of new nitrogen in the ocean and thus profoundly affects the nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical processes.The distribution,controlling factors,and flux of N2 fixation in the global ocean remain uncertain,partly because of the lack of methodological uniformity.The^(15)N_(2)tracer assay(the original bubble method→the^(15)N_(2)-enriched seawater method→the modified bubble method)is the mainstream method for field measurements of N2 fixation rates(NFRs),among which the original bubble method is the most frequently used.However,accumulating evidence has suggested an underestimation of NFRs when using this method.To improve the availability of previous data,we compared NFRs measured by three^(15)N_(2)tracer assays in the South China Sea.Our results indicate that the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the^(15)N_(2)-enriched seawater method varies obviously with area and season,which may be influenced by incubation time,diazotrophic composition,and environmental factors.In comparison,the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the modified bubble method is more stable,indicating that the N2 fixation rates based on the original bubble methods may be underestimated by approximately 50%.Based on this result,we revised the flux of N2 fixation in the South China Sea to 40 mmol/(m2·a).Our results improve the availability and comparability of literature NFR data in the South China Sea.The comparison of the^(15)N_(2)tracer assay for NFRs measurements on a larger scale is urgently necessary over the global ocean for a more robust understanding of the role of N2 fixation in the marine nitrogen cycle.

Elispot assay检测牛奶中庆大霉素

为了建立快速检测牛奶中庆大霉素的Elispot assay,采用制备GM免疫抗原获得抗GM多克隆抗体。将检测抗原点阵在PVDF膜上,通过检测抗原和样品中GM竞争结合抗GM多克隆抗体,酶标结合物催化底物显色,根据颜色的有无及深浅判读结果,从而建立了检测牛奶中GM的Elispot assay。该方法的检测阈值为10 ng/mL,检测时间为40 min,可对样品实现半定量检测。该方法制备的试纸条于4℃密封保存90 d仍可用于检测;与多种结构类似物未见交叉反应;其结果与酶联免疫方法一致。

用噬菌体展示筛选Gal-α-1,3-Gal的模拟肽

猪心移植是解决心脏移植供体少的有效方法 .由于猪心血管内皮细胞表面抗原半乳糖 α 1,3 半乳糖 (Gal α 1,3 Gal) ,能与人体内预存的天然抗体结合产生超急性排斥反应 (HAR) ,而无法应用于临床 .为了解决这一难题 ,应用噬菌体展示技术 ,筛选出一个能与抗B型血单克隆抗体 (mABanti B)特异性结合的阳性噬菌体克隆 ,应用酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)和竞争性ELISA结果表明 ,所获得的阳性噬菌体克隆能特异性地与mABanti B结合 ,并且这种结合可被蜜二糖 (具有Gal α 1,6 Glc的结构 )所竞争抑制 .由此推测 ,筛选到的噬菌体阳性克隆很可能就结合在蜜二糖与mABanti B结合的位点 .同时 ,进行了阳性噬菌体克隆的抑制猪红细胞凝集活性试验 ,试验结果表明 ,此阳性克隆不仅可抑制Gal α 1,3 Gal与抗体的结合 ,也可抑制Gal α 1,3 Gal与西非单叶豆凝集素 (GS I B4)的结合 .此噬菌体阳性克隆测序后 ,得小肽序列为CCWLLRQPVRFVRSIRS .鉴于以上的结果 ,认为此小肽可以作为Gal α 1,3 Gal的模拟肽 。

α-Gal抗原与动物源性医疗器械免疫原性风险控制

背景:目前动物源性医疗器械被广泛应用于临床,尽管它的有效性得到了认可,但它的安全性特别是免疫原性日益受到人们的关注。目的:为了保证动物源性医疗器械的质量安全,研究其免疫原性风险控制。方法:作者应用计算机检索Sciencedirect数据库、Wiley-Blackewell电子期刊数据库和万方数据库中1985年1月至2013年6月的文章,在标题和摘要中以"α-Gal抗原,免疫原性,异种移植"或"α-Gal antigen,immunity xenotransplantation"为检索词进行检索。结果与结论:目前对异种植入物抗原中Galα1-3Gal抗原(即α-Gal抗原)的研究较多。α-Gal抗原存在于大量非灵长类哺乳动物、新世纪猴体内糖基化合物中,在人类及旧世纪猴体内不表达,但在人体中存在抗α-Gal抗体。α-Gal抗原与抗α-Gal抗体的结合形成了异种移植的免疫屏障。为了保证动物源性医疗器械的使用安全有效,应对动物源性材料进行选择,采用适当的工艺减少或去除α-Gal抗原,同时还应建立灵敏度高、重复性好的α-Gal抗原检测方法。

中国版纳近交系小型猪心脏异种抗原表位α1,3-Gal的分布

目的 研究中国版纳小型猪心脏的异种抗原α1,3 Gal的分布和半定量分析 ,为小型猪心脏的转基因和异种移植提供资料。方法 通过亲和免疫组织化学法和图像分析对 10头版纳小型猪心脏进行α1,3 Gal的分布和半定量研究。结果 α1,3 Gal主要分布于细胞膜 ,细胞浆也有少量表达 ,胞核无表达。在小型猪心内膜、心肌间质、心外膜、神经束膜等处有α1,3 Gal分布 ,心肌细胞未发现α1,3 Gal分布。半定量分析发现α1,3 Gal表达量心房内膜最多 ,心肌间质最少。结论 异种抗原α1,3 Gal在心脏中的表达存在较大差异 。

α-Gal表达的无创快速半定量检测

目的 建立无创快速半定量检测猪血细胞表面α- Gal表达的方法。方法 取版纳微型猪近交系(BMI)及四川白猪(SWP)新鲜血,肝素抗凝,180 0 r/ m in离心,取白细胞富集层,利用激光共聚焦(confocal)及流式细胞术(FCM)检测猪血细胞与FITC- BSIB4的结合。结果 以人B型血细胞为阴性对照,小鼠骨髓瘤SP2 / 0细胞为阳性对照,两种中国猪种各血细胞α- Gal表达均为阳性,BMI粒细胞表面α- Gal约为9.16×10 5个位点/细胞,单个核细胞1.37×10 5个位点/细胞;SWP粒细胞1.16×10 6 个位点/细胞,单个核细胞2 .4 5×10 5个位点/细胞。两种中国猪种同一种类细胞α- Gal无明显差异(P>0 .0 5 ) ,同一猪种不同个体相同细胞α- Gal表达不尽相同;同一个体不同血细胞α- Gal表达强度为:血小板>粒细胞>单个核细胞>红细胞。结论 本研究建立的无创快速半定量检测猪细胞表面α- Gal的方法可用于现场猪种的大规模筛查。

IgG型抗CD55×抗β-Gal基因工程双特异性抗体的构建

目的 探讨用生物学方法治疗病毒感染性疾病及肿瘤的新途径。方法 以有重要补体活化调节功能的膜补体调节蛋白CD5 5为靶点 ,以 β GaL为模拟病毒或肿瘤抗原 ,制备“IgG”型抗CD5 5×抗 β Gal基因工程双特异性抗体 ,并对该重组抗体真核表达后的结合活性进行初步的验证。结果 克隆的CD5 5抗体可变区片段为新的小鼠抗体可变区片段 ,经HEK 2 93细胞表达后的重组抗体显示了良好的CD5 5及Fc结合活性。

猪血细胞表面多糖抗原α-Gal与人ABO血型抗原的比较

目的探讨猪血细胞表面多糖抗原α-Gal与人ABO血型抗原的相似性。方法人全血A、B、O、AB 4种血型的健康人的新鲜血,肝素抗凝,1 800 r/min离心,取白细胞富集层,利用confocal及流式细胞技术(FCM)检测猪及人ABO 4种血型血细胞与BSI-B4-FITC结合的情况。结果以A型血细胞为阴性对照,4种血型血小板、RBC、单个核细胞均为阴性,而粒细胞,B型有14%为(+),AB型约有8%为(+),O型约有2%为(+)。结论4种ABO血型抗原中B抗原与α-Gal的结构最为相似。

在人消化道肿瘤细胞表面构建α-gal表位的研究

目的在大肠杆菌中以可溶性形式表达鼠源性α-1,3-半乳糖基转移酶的催化结构域(α1,3 GTcd;catalytic do-main ofα1,3GT),利用其在人消化道肿瘤细胞表面构建α-gal表位(Galα1-3Gal-β1-4GlcNAc-R),拟用来制备一种新的自体肿瘤疫苗。方法利用pET-15 b载体以可溶性形式表达鼠源性α1,3 GTcd,利用高效液相色谱阴离子交换柱检测酶的活性。通过其在人不同消化道肿瘤细胞表面构建α-gal表位,先与人血清孵育,FITC标记的羊抗人的IgG为第二抗体,用流式细胞仪检测荧光强度,以分析α-gal表位的表达结果。结果可溶性高效表达与纯化了带有His-tag的α1,3GTcd并利用HPLC阴离子交换柱检测α1,3 GTcd的活性。流式细胞仪检测结果证明了在人消化道肿瘤细胞表面成功构建了α-gal表位。结论本研究可溶性的表达了α1,3 GTcd,并利用其在人消化道肿瘤细胞表面成功地构建了α-gal表位.为该方法的临床治疗的应用打下坚实的基础。

TM9SF1 promotes bladder cancer cell growth and infiltration

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer(BC)is the most common urological tumor.It has a high recur-rence rate,displays tutor heterogeneity,and resists chemotherapy.Furthermore,the long-term survival rate of BC patients has remained unchanged for decades,which seriously affects the quality of patient survival.To improve the survival rate and prognosis of BC patients,it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms of BC development and progression and identify targets for treatment and intervention.Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1),also known as MP70 and HMP70,is a member of a family of nine transmembrane superfamily proteins,which was first identified in 1997.TM9SF1 can be expressed in BC,but its biological function and mechanism in BC are not clear.AIM To investigate the biological function and mechanism of TM9SF1 in BC.Overexpression of TM9SF1 increased the in vitro proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells by promoting the entry of BC cells into the G2/M phase.Silencing of TM9SF1 inhibited in vitro proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells and blocked BC cells in the G1 phase.CONCLUSION TM9SF1 may be an oncogene in BC.

猪血管内皮细胞α-Gal对人外周血淋巴作用初探

超急性排斥反应克服后，异种移植物将面临血管性和细胞性排斥。血管内皮是免疫排斥的主要场所，异种移植免疫中血管内皮细胞的作用以及其携带的αＧａｌ在超急性排斥后免疫反应中的作用研究尚少。通过混合淋巴细胞反应（ＭＬＲ），以同种异体ＭＬＲ为对照，对异种（内江猪→人）外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬＣ）混合反应和内江猪血管内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）人ＰＢＬＣ混合反应进行研究，同时考察α半乳糖基酶消化后ＰＡＥＣ对人ＰＢＬＣ的刺激性。结果表明：异种ＭＬＲ增殖较相应的同种异体ＭＬＲ弱，可能与在异种周围淋巴细胞ＭＬＲ中以间接呈递为主有关；ＰＡＥＣ作为刺激细胞的ＭＬＲ增殖极强，可能与ＰＡＥＣ本身是抗原呈递细胞且抗原呈递以直接呈递为主有关；αＧａｌ引起增殖，可能与其在体内数量多、与生物大分子结合可成为全抗原有关，提示该抗原可能也是超急性排斥后排斥反应的靶抗原；去除ＰＡＥＣ表面αＧａｌ后，仍可诱发人Ｔ细胞反应，提示可能还存在其它超急性排斥后抗原。

Machine learning and bioinformatics to identify biomarkers in response to Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in mice

Objective:In the realm of Class I pathogens,Burkholderia pseudomallei(BP)stands out for its propensity to induce severe pathogenicity.Investigating the intricate interactions between BP and host cells is imperative for comprehending the dynamics of BP infection and discerning biomarkers indicative of the host cell response process.Methods:mRNA extraction from BP-infected mouse macrophages constituted the initial step of our study.Employing gene expression arrays,the extracted RNA underwent conversion into digital signals.The percentile shift method facilitated data processing,with the identification of genes manifesting significant differences accomplished through the application of the t-test.Subsequently,a comprehensive analysis involving Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway was conducted on the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Leveraging the ESTIMATE algorithm,gene signatures were utilized to compute risk scores for gene expression data.Support vector machine analysis and gene enrichment scores were instrumental in establishing correlations between biomarkers and macrophages,followed by an evaluation of the predictive power of the identified biomarkers.Results:The functional and pathway associations of the DEGs predominantly centered around G protein-coupled receptors.A noteworthy positive correlation emerged between the blue module,consisting of 416 genes,and the StromaScore.FZD4,identified through support vector machine analysis among intersecting genes,indicated a robust interaction with macrophages,suggesting its potential as a robust biomarker.FZD4 exhibited commendable predictive efficacy,with BP infection inducing its expression in both macrophages and mouse lung tissue.Western blotting in macrophages confirmed a significant upregulation of FZD4 expression from 0.5 to 24 h post-infection.In mouse lung tissue,FZD4 manifested higher expression in the cytoplasm of pulmonary epithelial cells in BP-infected lungs than in the control group.Conclusion:Thesefindings underscore the upregulation of FZD4 expression by BP in both macrophages and lung tissue,pointing to its prospective role as a biomarker in the pathogenesis of BP infection.

Electrochemical and colorimetric dual-signal detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B based on AuPt bimetallic nanoparticles loaded Fe-N-C single atom nanocomposite

Sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B(SEB)is of importance for preventing food poisoning from threatening human health.In this work,an electrochemical and colorimetric dual-signal detection assay of SEB was developed.The probe(Ab2/AuPt@Fe-N-C)was bound to SEB captured by Ab1,where the Ab2/AuPt@Fe-N-C triggered methylene blue degradation and resulted in the decrease of electrochemical signal.Furthermore,the probe catalyzed the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethyl biphenyl to generate a colorimetric absorbance at 652 nm.Once the target was captured and formed a sandwich-like complex,the color changed from colorless to blue.SEB detection by colorimetric and electrochemical methods showed a linear relationship in the concentration ranges of 0.0002-10.0000 and 0.0005-10.0000 ng/mL,with limits of detection of 0.0667 and 0.1670 pg/mL,respectively.The dual-signal biosensor was successfully used to detect SEB in milk and water samples,which has great potential in toxin detection in food and the environment.

One stone two birds:electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode biosensor based on copper peroxide/covalent organic framework nanocomposite for ultrasensentive norovirus detection

Norovirus(NoV)is regarded as one of the most common causes of foodborne diarrhea in the world.It is urgent to identify the pathogenic microorganism of the diarrhea in short time.In this work,we developed an electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection for NoV based on the excellent dual catalytic properties of copper peroxide/COF-NH_(2)nanocomposite(CuO_(2)@COF-NH_(2)).For the colorimetric detection,NoV can be directly detected by the naked eye based on CuO_(2)@COF-NH_(2)as a laccase-like nonazyme using“peptide-NoV-antibody”recognition mode.The colorimetric assay displayed a wide and quality linear detection range from 1 copy/mL to 5000 copies/mL of NoV with a low limit of detection(LOD)of 0.125 copy/mL.For the electrochemical detection of NoV,CuO_(2)@COF-NH_(2)showed an oxidation peak of copper ion from Cu^(+)to Cu^(2+)using“peptide-NoV-antibody”recognition mode.The electrochemical assay showed a linear detection range was 1-5000 copies/mL with a LOD of 0.152 copy/mL.It's worthy to note that this assay does not need other electrical signal molecule,which provide the stable and sensitive electrochemial detection for NoV.The electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection was used to detect NoV in foods and faceal samples,which has the potential for improving food safety and diagnosing of NoV-infected diarrhea.