AZ91 Mg-Al合金中γ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)析出相的多重位向关系及{112}_(γ)伪孪晶关系

应用透射电镜(TEM)研究了时效AZ91 Mg-Al合金中三种形态的γ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)析出相(bcc)的多重位向关系及析出相颗粒间的{112}_(γ)伪孪晶关系.这三种板条状、六棱柱状或短棒状的析出相分别与Mg基体(hcp)保持Burgers,Crawley和Porter位向关系;在同种析出相颗粒之间或异种颗粒之间能形成不具有孪晶结构特征的{112}γ伪孪晶关系.从晶体学角度解释了这种多重位向关系及伪孪晶的生成机制.并从单个析出相与基体间的匹配程度解释了这三种析出相的析出密度存在较大差别的原因.

Mechanism of microarc oxidation on AZ91D Mg alloy induced byβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase

This work proposed a strategy of indirectly inducing uniform microarc discharge by controlling the content and distribution ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in AZ91D Mg alloy.Two kinds of nano-particles(ZrO_(2)and TiO_(2))were designed to be added into the substrate of Mg alloy by friction stir processing(FSP).Then,Mg alloy sample designed with different precipitated morphology ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase was treated by microarc oxidation(MAO)in Na_(3)PO_(4)/Na2SiO3electrolyte.The characteristics and performance of the MAO coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),contact angle meter,and potentiodynamic polarization.It was found that the coarseα-Mg grains in extruded AZ91D Mg alloy were refined by FSP,and theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase with reticular structure was broken and dispersed.The nano-ZrO_(2)particles were pinned at the grain boundary by FSP,which refined theα-Mg grain and promoted the precipitation ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in grains.It effectively inhibited the“cascade”phenomenon of microarcs,which induced the uniform distribution of discharge pores.The MAO coating on Zr-FSP sample had good wettability and corrosion resistance.However,TiO_(2)particles were hardly detected in the coating on TiFSP sample.

Simultaneous refinement of α-Mg grains and β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) in Mg-Al based alloys via heterogeneous nucleation on Al_(8)Mn_(4)Sm

Due to the significant differences in the formation temperature and crystal structure between the primaryα-Mg and eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12),it is a great challenge to achieve simultaneous refinement of the primary and eutectic phases in Mg-Al based alloys via heterogeneous nucleation.Surprisingly,we found that theα-Mg andβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) in the AZ80 alloy can be simultaneously refined after 0.2 wt.%Sm addition,with the grain size decreasing from∼217±15μm to∼170±10μm and theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) morphology changing from a typical continuous network to a nod-like or spherical structure.The simultaneous refinement mechanism is investigated through solidification simulation,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and differential thermal analysis(DTA).In the AZ80-0.2Sm alloy,many Al8Mn4Sm particles can be observed near the center of theα-Mg grains or inside theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12).Crystallographic calculations further reveal that the Al8Mn4Sm has good crystallographic matching with both theα-Mg andβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12),so it possesses the potency to serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites for both phases.The promoted heterogeneous nucleation on the Al8Mn4Sm decreases the undercooling required by the nucleation of the primary and eutectic phases,which enhances the heterogeneous nucleation rate,thus causing the simultaneous refinement of theα-Mg andβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12).The orientation relationships between the Al8Mn4Sm and Mg/Mg_(17)Al_(12) are identified,which are[1210]_(Mg)//[010]_(Al8Mn4Sm),(1010)_(Mg)//(301)_(Al8Mn4Sm) and[112]_(Mg_(17)Al_(12))//[010]_(Al8Mn4Sm),(110)_(Mg_(17)Al_(12))//(301)_(Al8Mn4Sm),respectively.Furthermore,the refinement of theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) accelerates its dissolution during the solution treatment,which is beneficial for cost saving in industrial applications.Other Al8Mn4RE compounds such as Al8Mn4Y might have the same positive effect on the simultaneous refinement due to the similar physicochemical properties of rare earth elements.This work not only proves the possibility of simultaneously refining the primary and eutectic phases in Mg-Al based alloys via heterogeneous nucleation,but also provides new insights into the development of refiners for cast Mg alloys.

超声处理对Mg-9Al-1Si合金第二相形貌及力学性能的影响

利用铜质金属型重力铸造制备了Mg-9Al-1Si合金,通过凝固前施加不同时间超声处理调控合金组织形貌。利用OM、XRD、SEM、拉伸实验等方法研究了在不同超声处理时间作用下Mg-9Al-1Si合金组织形貌演变及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明:未经超声处理时,α-Mg基体呈粗大的树枝晶,粗大汉字状Mg_(2)Si相有明显的团聚现象,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相以断续网状沿枝晶界分布;超声处理能显著细化合金微观组织,α-Mg基体晶粒尺寸减小由粗大的树枝状转变为团絮状,汉字状Mg_(2)Si相被细化,变为长条状或细线状,分布变得均匀;β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相网状趋势弱化,边界处出现大量层片状β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相。随着超声时间增加,超声的声空化和声流作用使合金组织明显改善,但作用时间太长反而减弱组织细化作用。因此,超声处理后Mg-9Al-1Si合金力学性能得到明显改善,且随超声作用时间先增后降,其中超声处理20 min时提升最大,相较于未超声处理合金分别提高了72、74 MPa和2.31%。

Al含量对Mg-xAl-3Ca合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过向镁熔体添加不同含量的铝(10wt.%~80wt.%)和3wt.%的钙粒,成功制备了一系列Mg-xAl-3Ca(x=1wt.%、20wt.%、30wt.%、40wt.%)合金和Al-xMg-3Ca(x=17wt.%、27wt.%、37wt.%、47wt.%)合金。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和万能试验机等设备来研究镁铝钙合金向铝镁钙合金演变过程中的微观组织变化及对压缩性能的影响机制。结果表明,在一定范围内铝含量能够提高合金的抗压性能。当铝含量占比低于30wt.%时,合金的抗压强度随着铝含量的增加也随之提高。当铝含量占比30wt.%时,合金中的Mg_(17)Al_(12)相互相连接形成网状结构,抑制了α-Μg相的生长和移动,从而提高合金的抗压强度至379.43MPa,而当铝含量超过30wt.%时,由于存在大量的Mg_(17)Al_(12)和大尺寸的Al_(2)Ca相,合金的脆化倾向增加,从而使合金的抗压强度逐渐下降。当铝含量占比为50wt.%和60wt.%时由于只形成了少量的金属间化合物,因此其抗压强度最低。然而,当铝含量为80wt.%时,合金中的α-Al相具有高硬度和强度,可增加合金抗压强度,合金抗压强度为438.06MPa.

Effect of thermo-mechanical conditions during constrained friction processing on the particle refinement of AM50 Mg-alloy phases

Constrained Friction Processing(CFP)is a novel solid-state processing technique suitable for lightweight materials,such Mg-and Al-alloys.The technique enables grain size refinement to fine or even ultrafine scale.In this study,the effect of CFP on the microstructural refinement of AM50 rods is investigated in terms of particle size and morphology of the eutectic and secondary phases originally present in the base material,in particular the eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Al-Mn phases.For that purpose,as-cast and solution heat-treated base material and processed samples were analyzed.The Al_(8)Mn_(5) intermetallic phase was identified as the main secondary phase present in all samples before and after the processing.A notorious refinement of these particles was observed,starting from particles with an average equivalent length of a few micrometers to around 560 nm after the processing.The refinement of the secondary phase refinement is attributed to a mechanism analogous to the attrition comminution,where the combination of temperature increase and shearing of the material enables the continuous breaking of the brittle intermetallic particles into smaller pieces.As for the eutectic phase,the results indicate the presence of the partially divorcedβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)particles exclusively in the as-cast base material,indicating that no further phase transformations regarding the eutectic phase,such as dynamic precipitation,occurred after the CFP.In the case of the processed as-cast material analyzed after the CFP,the thermal energy generated during the processing led to temperature values above the solvus limit of the eutectic phase,which associated with the mechanical breakage of the particles,enabled the complete dissolution of this phase.Therefore,CFP was successfully demonstrated to promote an extensive microstructure refinement in multiple aspects,in terms of grain sizes of theα-Mg phase and presence and morphology of the Al-Mn and eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12).

深冷处理对AZ91镁合金组织与性能的影响

对AZ91镁合金进行了固溶+不同深冷处理时间+时效的复合工艺处理,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度仪、万能试验机以及摩擦磨损试验机等仪器设备研究了不同深冷处理时间对A291镁合金显微组织、力学性能及耐磨性能的影响规律。结果表明:AZ91镁合金经410℃8 h固溶+(-196)℃12 h深冷处理+180℃8 h时效复合工艺处理后,其硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率较未深冷处理的分别提高了19.2%、25%和37.4%,其平均摩擦因数与磨损率分别为0.22和0.382 mg/(m·N),较未深冷处理的降低了50%和32.7%。深冷处理工艺有效细化了AZ91镁合金组织的晶粒尺寸,促使β-Mg_(17) Al_(12)相成颗粒状且弥散均匀分布的析出,显著提高了其力学性能和耐磨性能。但随着深冷处理时间的增加,β-Mg_(17) Al_(12)相会逐渐偏聚与粗化,导致合金的力学性能有所下降。

焊前固溶处理对铸态AZ91镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头组织和性能的影响

对AZ91镁合金进行了直接搅拌摩擦焊接及焊前预固溶搅拌摩擦焊接实验。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子探针(EPMA)和拉伸实验等分析了焊接接头的微观结构和力学性能。结果表明:直接搅拌摩擦焊接后接头搅拌区的微观结构由于晶粒细化和粗大第二相的破碎、溶解及再析出而得到改善,然而大量粗大的β相在焊缝后退侧过渡区连续性聚集,使得该β相与基体之间的界面成为裂纹萌生源。直接搅拌摩擦焊接头的拉伸强度及断后伸长率分为136.68 MPa和2.34%,对铸态AZ91镁合金在400℃固溶12 h后,其焊接接头的拉伸强度及断后伸长率分别为184.81 MPa和6.79%。尽管焊前预固溶搅拌摩擦焊接接头的搅拌区平均晶粒尺寸较直接焊接接头的稍大,但是微观结构较直接焊接更加均匀。说明预固溶处理能够显著改善焊缝区域第二相的分布,使镁合金变形协调性增加,显著提高了焊件的强度和塑性。