AIM:To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetes with insulin therapy.METHODS:We studied the relationships among blood glucose,serum C-peptide,plasma insulin,beta-cell function an...AIM:To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetes with insulin therapy.METHODS:We studied the relationships among blood glucose,serum C-peptide,plasma insulin,beta-cell function and the development of DR.Beta-cell function was assessed by a modified homeostasis model assessment(modified HOMA)which was gained by using C-peptide to replace insulin in the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)of beta-cell function.We also studied the relationships between modified HOMA index and serum C-peptide response to 100 g tasteless steamed bread to determine the accuracy of modified HOMA.RESULTS:Our study group consisted of 170 type 2diabetic inpatients with DR(age:58.35±13.87y,mean±SD)and 205 type 2 diabetic inpatients with no DR(NDR)(age:65.52±11.59y).DR patients had higher age,longer diabetic duration,higher hypertension grade,higher postprandial plasma glucose,higher fluctuation level of plasma glucose,lower body mass index(BMI),lower postprandial serum insulin and C-peptide,lower fluctuation level of serum insulin and C-peptide(P【0.05).In our logistic regression model,duration of diabetes,hypertension grade,fasting plasma insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)were significantly associated with the presence of DR after adjustment for confounding factors(P【0.05).CONCLUSION:Our results suggested although modified HOMA showed significant correlation to the occurrence of DR on Spearman’s rank-correlationanalysis,logistic regression showed no significant association between these two variables after adjustment for relevant confounding factors(such as age,sex,duration of diabetes,BMI,hypertension grade,HbA1C,plasma insulin).Duration of diabetes,hypertension grade,fasting plasma insulin and HbA1C were independently associated with the development of DR in Chinese type 2 diabetics.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease possible to treat via pancreas/islet transplantation but most immunosuppressive drugs are diabetogenic. In this letter, we review current up to date methods to assess insulin a...Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease possible to treat via pancreas/islet transplantation but most immunosuppressive drugs are diabetogenic. In this letter, we review current up to date methods to assess insulin action and secretion (using the surrogate indexes) suggesting their use in large studies in populations of pancreas/ islets transplanted patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND In addition to insulin resistance,impaired insulin secretion has recently been identified as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Scarce clinical data exist for pediatric T...BACKGROUND In addition to insulin resistance,impaired insulin secretion has recently been identified as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Scarce clinical data exist for pediatric T2DM.AIM To investigate the association ofβ-cell function and insulin resistance with pediatric T2DM in the first Chinese multicenter study.METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study included 161 newly diagnosed T2DM children and adolescents between January 2017 and October 2019.Children with normal glycemic levels(n=1935)were included as healthy control subjects.The homeostasis models(HOMAs)were used to assess theβ-cell function(HOMA2-%B)and insulin resistance(HOMA2-IR)levels.The HOMA index was standardized by sex and age.We performed logistic regression analysis to obtain odds ratios(ORs)for T2DM risk using the standardized HOMA index,adjusted for confounding factors including sex,Tanner stage,T2DM family history,body mass index z-score,and lipid profile.RESULTS The male-female ratio of newly diagnosed T2DM patients was 1.37:1(OR=2.20,P=0.011),and the mean ages of onset for boys and girls were 12.5±1.9 years and 12.3±1.7 years,respectively.The prevalence of related comorbidities including obesity,elevated blood pressure,and dyslipidemia was 58.2%,53.2%,and 80.0%,respectively.The T2DM group had lower HOMA2-%B levels(P<0.001)and higher HOMA2-IR levels(P<0.001)than the control group.Both the decrease in HOMA2-%B z-score(OR=8.40,95%CI:6.40-11.02,P<0.001)and the increase in HOMA2-IR z-score(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.60-2.02,P<0.001)were associated with a higher risk of T2DM,and the decrease in HOMA2-%B z-score always had higher ORs than the increase in HOMA2-IR z-score after adjusting for confounding factors.CONCLUSION Besides insulin resistance,β-cell function impairment is also strongly associated with Chinese pediatric T2DM.Gender difference in susceptibility and high comorbidities warrant specific T2DM screening and prevention strategies in Chinese children.展开更多
目的:观察外科感染病人胰岛素抵抗(IR)状况,研究其临床意义,并探讨如何应用临床常用参数评价感染病人的胰岛素敏感性(ISI)。方法:检测外科不同病情严重程度感染患者空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS),以正常健康人为对照,利用稳态模式评...目的:观察外科感染病人胰岛素抵抗(IR)状况,研究其临床意义,并探讨如何应用临床常用参数评价感染病人的胰岛素敏感性(ISI)。方法:检测外科不同病情严重程度感染患者空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS),以正常健康人为对照,利用稳态模式评估法(HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-)β,观察外科感染病人ISI,并且分析不同病情严重程度和不同病种感染病人之间ISI是否存在显著差异。使用多元线性回归方程和多因素Logistic进行多因素分析,应用临床常用的参数评价感染ISI状况。结果:①外科感染病人中IR发生率为92.06%(58/63)。不同病种,包括急性重症胰腺炎病人、肠瘘病人和急性胆管炎病人,不论HOMA-IRl、gHOMA-IR还是HOMA-β均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②按病情严重度和最终预后对病人分组:SIRS病人IR发生率为20%(7/35),脓毒症病人IR发生率为86.20%(25/29),脓毒性休克和MODS组病人IR发生率为95.83%(23/24),死亡组病人IR发生率为100%(10/10)。各组间IR有显著差异(P<0.01),而HOMA-β无显著差异(P>0.05)。③临床各常用参数与ISI之间相关性分析显示器官功能衰竭连续评分(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)、FINS、FBG、转铁蛋白、脓毒症评分(sepsis scores,SS)评分、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、前白蛋白、三酰甘油(TG)和胰岛素用量/葡萄糖用量与ISI呈独立正相关,方程的R2为0.900。各临床参数对IR的多因素Logistic回归显示FINS、FBG、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和SOFA进入模型,其中FBG和FINS与IR的回归关系更明显,而其他临床指标与IR未显示有意义的回归关系。结论:①外科感染病人中普遍存在IR,并与引起感染的病种无关;②IR与疾病严重程度最终预后密切相关,可作为判断危重病人病情转归和预后的预警指标;③临床常用参数SOFA评分、FINS、FBG、转铁蛋白、SS评分、CRP、前白蛋白和TG与感染病人ISI的关系更为密切。展开更多
文摘AIM:To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetes with insulin therapy.METHODS:We studied the relationships among blood glucose,serum C-peptide,plasma insulin,beta-cell function and the development of DR.Beta-cell function was assessed by a modified homeostasis model assessment(modified HOMA)which was gained by using C-peptide to replace insulin in the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)of beta-cell function.We also studied the relationships between modified HOMA index and serum C-peptide response to 100 g tasteless steamed bread to determine the accuracy of modified HOMA.RESULTS:Our study group consisted of 170 type 2diabetic inpatients with DR(age:58.35±13.87y,mean±SD)and 205 type 2 diabetic inpatients with no DR(NDR)(age:65.52±11.59y).DR patients had higher age,longer diabetic duration,higher hypertension grade,higher postprandial plasma glucose,higher fluctuation level of plasma glucose,lower body mass index(BMI),lower postprandial serum insulin and C-peptide,lower fluctuation level of serum insulin and C-peptide(P【0.05).In our logistic regression model,duration of diabetes,hypertension grade,fasting plasma insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)were significantly associated with the presence of DR after adjustment for confounding factors(P【0.05).CONCLUSION:Our results suggested although modified HOMA showed significant correlation to the occurrence of DR on Spearman’s rank-correlationanalysis,logistic regression showed no significant association between these two variables after adjustment for relevant confounding factors(such as age,sex,duration of diabetes,BMI,hypertension grade,HbA1C,plasma insulin).Duration of diabetes,hypertension grade,fasting plasma insulin and HbA1C were independently associated with the development of DR in Chinese type 2 diabetics.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease possible to treat via pancreas/islet transplantation but most immunosuppressive drugs are diabetogenic. In this letter, we review current up to date methods to assess insulin action and secretion (using the surrogate indexes) suggesting their use in large studies in populations of pancreas/ islets transplanted patients.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC1305302the National Natural Science Fund of China,No.81600608the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,No.2017GSF18118.
文摘BACKGROUND In addition to insulin resistance,impaired insulin secretion has recently been identified as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Scarce clinical data exist for pediatric T2DM.AIM To investigate the association ofβ-cell function and insulin resistance with pediatric T2DM in the first Chinese multicenter study.METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study included 161 newly diagnosed T2DM children and adolescents between January 2017 and October 2019.Children with normal glycemic levels(n=1935)were included as healthy control subjects.The homeostasis models(HOMAs)were used to assess theβ-cell function(HOMA2-%B)and insulin resistance(HOMA2-IR)levels.The HOMA index was standardized by sex and age.We performed logistic regression analysis to obtain odds ratios(ORs)for T2DM risk using the standardized HOMA index,adjusted for confounding factors including sex,Tanner stage,T2DM family history,body mass index z-score,and lipid profile.RESULTS The male-female ratio of newly diagnosed T2DM patients was 1.37:1(OR=2.20,P=0.011),and the mean ages of onset for boys and girls were 12.5±1.9 years and 12.3±1.7 years,respectively.The prevalence of related comorbidities including obesity,elevated blood pressure,and dyslipidemia was 58.2%,53.2%,and 80.0%,respectively.The T2DM group had lower HOMA2-%B levels(P<0.001)and higher HOMA2-IR levels(P<0.001)than the control group.Both the decrease in HOMA2-%B z-score(OR=8.40,95%CI:6.40-11.02,P<0.001)and the increase in HOMA2-IR z-score(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.60-2.02,P<0.001)were associated with a higher risk of T2DM,and the decrease in HOMA2-%B z-score always had higher ORs than the increase in HOMA2-IR z-score after adjusting for confounding factors.CONCLUSION Besides insulin resistance,β-cell function impairment is also strongly associated with Chinese pediatric T2DM.Gender difference in susceptibility and high comorbidities warrant specific T2DM screening and prevention strategies in Chinese children.
文摘目的:观察外科感染病人胰岛素抵抗(IR)状况,研究其临床意义,并探讨如何应用临床常用参数评价感染病人的胰岛素敏感性(ISI)。方法:检测外科不同病情严重程度感染患者空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS),以正常健康人为对照,利用稳态模式评估法(HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-)β,观察外科感染病人ISI,并且分析不同病情严重程度和不同病种感染病人之间ISI是否存在显著差异。使用多元线性回归方程和多因素Logistic进行多因素分析,应用临床常用的参数评价感染ISI状况。结果:①外科感染病人中IR发生率为92.06%(58/63)。不同病种,包括急性重症胰腺炎病人、肠瘘病人和急性胆管炎病人,不论HOMA-IRl、gHOMA-IR还是HOMA-β均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②按病情严重度和最终预后对病人分组:SIRS病人IR发生率为20%(7/35),脓毒症病人IR发生率为86.20%(25/29),脓毒性休克和MODS组病人IR发生率为95.83%(23/24),死亡组病人IR发生率为100%(10/10)。各组间IR有显著差异(P<0.01),而HOMA-β无显著差异(P>0.05)。③临床各常用参数与ISI之间相关性分析显示器官功能衰竭连续评分(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)、FINS、FBG、转铁蛋白、脓毒症评分(sepsis scores,SS)评分、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、前白蛋白、三酰甘油(TG)和胰岛素用量/葡萄糖用量与ISI呈独立正相关,方程的R2为0.900。各临床参数对IR的多因素Logistic回归显示FINS、FBG、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和SOFA进入模型,其中FBG和FINS与IR的回归关系更明显,而其他临床指标与IR未显示有意义的回归关系。结论:①外科感染病人中普遍存在IR,并与引起感染的病种无关;②IR与疾病严重程度最终预后密切相关,可作为判断危重病人病情转归和预后的预警指标;③临床常用参数SOFA评分、FINS、FBG、转铁蛋白、SS评分、CRP、前白蛋白和TG与感染病人ISI的关系更为密切。
