Glycine-β-cyclodextrin-assisted cometabolism of phenanthrene and pyrene by Pseudomonas stutzeri DJP 1 from marine sediment

Cometabolic degradation is currently an effective and extensively way to remove high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs).Unfortunately,due to low bio-accessibility and high biotoxicity,the cometabolic degradation rate of HMW-PAHs is limited.Glycine-β-cyclodextrin(GCD)was obtained through amino modification ofβ-cyclodextrin(BCD)and added to cometabolic system of phenanthrene(PHE)and pyrene(PYR)to assist PYR biodegradation.Results show that the addition of GCD(100 mg/L)effectively improved the removal rate of PYR(20 mg/L)by 42.3%.GCD appeared to increase the bio-accessibility and reduce the biotoxicity of PHE and PYR,and then promoted the growth of Pseudomonas stutzeri DJP1 and stimulated the elevation of dehydrogenase(DHA)and catechol 12 dioxygenase(C12O)activities.The phthalate metabolic pathway was accelerated,which improved the cometabolic degradation.This study provided a new reference for the cometabolic degradation of HMW-PAHs.

Morphological Evolution of Self-Assembled Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide@Epoxy-β-Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Aggregates Induced by Temperature

Bio-based cyclodextrins(CDs)are a common research object in supramolecular chemistry.The special cavity structure of CDs can form supramolecular self-assemblies such as vesicles and microcrystals through weak interaction with guest molecules.The different forms of supramolecular self-assemblies can be transformed into each other under certain conditions.The regulation of supramolecular self-assembly is not only helpful to understand the self-assembly principle,but also beneficial to its application.In the present study,the self-assembly behavior of epoxy-β-cyclodextrin(EP-β-CD)and mixed anionic and cationic surfactant system(sodium dodecyl sulfate/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide,SDS/DTAB)in aqueous solution was studied.Morphological and particle size characterization found that the SDS/DTAB@EP-β-CD complex,as the basic building unit,self-assembled into worm-like micelles at lower temperatures and vesicles at higher temperatures.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis revealed that the driving force for the formation of vesicles and worm-like micelles was the hydrogen bonds between EP-β-CD molecules,while water molecules played an important role in promoting vesicle formation between SDS/DTAB@EP-β-CD units.Herein,the mechanism of the morphologic transformation of SDS/DTAB@EP-β-CD supramolecular aggregates induced by temperature was elucidated by exploring the self-assembly process,which may provide an excellent basis for the development of delivery carriers.

Trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity problem

The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering data.For a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and farside scattering components.By contrast,the envelope method can decompose the experimental data into two components with negative and positive deflection angles,respectively.Hence,a question arises as to whether the comparison between the calculated nearside(or farside)component and the derived positive-deflection-angle(or negative-deflection-angle)component can help analyze the potential ambiguity problem.In this study,we conducted a trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity problem.The envelope method was improved by including uncertainties in the experimental data.The colliding systems of 16O+28Si at 215.2 MeV and 12C+12C at 1016 MeV were considered in the analyses.For each colliding system,the angular distribution experimental data were described nearly equally well by two potential sets,one of which is“surface transpar-ent”and the other is refractive.The calculated angular distributions were decomposed into nearside and farside scattering components.Using the improved envelope method,the experimental data were decomposed into the positive-deflection-angle and negative-deflection-angle components,which were then compared with the calculated nearside and farside components.The capability of the envelope method to analyze the potential ambiguities was also discussed.

An envelope-based machine learning workflow for locating earthquakes in the southern Sichuan Basin

The development of machine learning technology enables more robust real-time earthquake monitoring through automated implementations. However, the application of machine learning to earthquake location problems faces challenges in regions with limited available training data. To address the issues of sparse event distribution and inaccurate ground truth in historical seismic datasets, we expand the training dataset by using a large number of synthetic envelopes that closely resemble real data and build an earthquake location model named ENVloc. We propose an envelope-based machine learning workflow for simultaneously determining earthquake location and origin time. The method eliminates the need for phase picking and avoids the accumulation of location errors resulting from inaccurate picking results. In practical application, ENVloc is applied to several data intercepted at different starting points. We take the starting point of the time window corresponding to the highest prediction probability value as the origin time and save the predicted result as the earthquake location. We apply ENVloc to observed data acquired in the southern Sichuan Basin, China, between September 2018 and March 2019. The results show that the average difference with the catalog in latitude, longitude, depth, and origin time is 0.02°,0.02°, 2 km, and 1.25 s, respectively. These suggest that our envelope-based method provides an efficient and robust way to locate earthquakes without phase picking, and can be used in earthquake monitoring in near-real time.

A New Dynamic and Vertical Photovoltaic Integrated Building Envelope for High-Rise Glaze-Facade Buildings

Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades.In this study,we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope(dvPVBE)that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions,superior architectural aesthetics,and notable energy-saving potential.Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE:power generation priority(PGP),natural daylight priority(NDP),and energy-saving priority(ESP).Moreover,the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE.An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus.The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies.The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131%of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226%compared with static photovoltaic(PV)blinds.The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load,daylight penetration,and energy generation can be effectively regulated.

Hepatitis B surface antigen-negative but hepatitis B envelope antigen-positive false occult hepatitis B virus infection:A case report

BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection(OBI)is characterized by the detection of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA in serum(usually HBV DNA<200 IU/mL)or the liver but negativity for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg).The diagnosis of OBI relies on the sensitivity of assays used in the detection of HBV DNA and HBsAg.HBsAg assays with inadequate sensitivity or inability to detect HBV S variants may lead to misdiagnosis of OBI in people with overt HBV infection.CASE SUMMARY We report a HBsAg-negative but hepatitis B envelope antigen-positive patient who had a significant HBV DNA level.The patient was initially diagnosed as having OBI.However,sequence analysis revealed a unique insertion of amino acid residues at positions 120-124 in the S protein,which affects the formation of a disulfide bond that is associated with the formation of a loop.It is well known that there is an overlap between the S protein and Pol protein.We found that this new insertion site occurred in polymerase/reverse transcriptase domain,indi-cating that this insertion might be involved in HBV pathogenicity.The patient was finally diagnosed with a false OBI.CONCLUSION An insertion of amino acid residues at positions 120-124 of the S protein affects the formation of immunodominant epitopes and results in negative HBsAg levels.

Adsorption of Phenanthrene in Soil to Biochar Modified by β-Cyclodextrin

In this study, the adsorption effect of β-cyclodextrin modified biochar (BC) on phenanthrene (PHE) in contaminated soil was investigated, aiming to provide an efficient and environmentally friendly remediation strategy for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil. Through kinetic and isotherm analysis, β-CDBC-CA showed excellent phenanthrene adsorption performance, and the adsorption effect increased with the increase of time and was affected by temperature. The results show that β-CDBC-CA can not only effectively adsorb phenanthrene in soil, but also serve as a surfactant to help desorption phenanthrene adsorbed by soil organic matter and improve the efficiency of microbial degradation. The experimental data showed that the Elovich model could describe the adsorption behavior of β-CDBC-CA on phenanthrene well, while Langmuir and Freundlich models performed better in fitting parameters, revealing the adsorption mechanism of phenanthrene in contaminated soil by β-cyclodextrin-modified biochar. In addition, temperature has a significant effect on the adsorption capacity of β-CDBC-CA, and its application in soil remediation can be optimized by adjusting temperature. This study not only provides new materials and technical means for soil remediation but also provides important data support for an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior of PAHs. By citing relevant research results, this study further improves the control and understanding of environmental risks of PAHs, which is of great significance for the protection of ecological environment and human health.

Synthesis and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin Modified Biochar Environmental Remediation Materials

In this paper, biochar (BC) was used as raw material, activated by deionizing aqueous solution, NaCl solution, CA solution and HCl solution respectively. Epichlorohydrin (EPI) was used as crosslinking agent, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was used to modify biochar (BC). The prepared modified biochar materials were labeled with β-CDBC, β-CDBC-Na, β-CDBC-CA and β-CDBC-H, respectively. The infrared spectrum, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and specific surface area of the four modified materials were tested. The results showed that the C-O stretching vibration peak at 1020 cm−1 of the modified materials was slightly offset compared with that of biochar. The characteristic absorption peaks of XRD pattern decrease obviously at 2θ = 26.7˚ and 29.5˚. It can be obviously observed on the electron microscope image that the surface is loaded or formed clathrates, and BET data and graphs also show that the specific surface area of the modified biochar is larger. Therefore, β-cyclodextrin successfully modified biochar and formed clathrates on the surface of biochar or was loaded in the pore structure of biochar, especially β-CDBC-CA achieved better modification effect. Because biochar and β-cyclodextrin raw materials are cheap, easy to prepare and green, and less prone to secondary pollution, it has a good advantage in environmental governance.

Pepper mild mottle virus coat protein interacts with pepper chloroplast outer envelope membrane protein OMP24 to inhibit antiviral immunity in plants

Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)is a devastating viral pathogen of pepper(Capsicum annuum)but it is unclear whether and how peppers protect against PMMoV infection.The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24(OMP24)of C.annuum was upregulated under PMMoV infection and it interacted with PMMoV coat protein(CP).Silencing of OMP24 in either C.annuum or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection,whereas overexpression of N.benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV infection.Both C.annuum OMP24(CaOMP24)and N.benthamiana OMP24(NbOMP24)localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their localization.Overexpression of CaOMP24 induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering,and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the typical defense responses of chloroplasts transferring the retrograde signaling to the nucleus to regulate resistance genes.The expression of PR1 and PR2 was also upregulated significantly in plants overexpressing OMP24.Self-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated and was required for OMP24-mediated plant defense.Interaction with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation.The results demonstrate the defense function of OMP24 in pepper during viral infection and suggest a possible mechanism by which PMMoV CP modulates the plant defense to facilitate viral infection.

Density-dependent carrier-envelope phase shift in attosecond pulse generation from relativistically oscillating mirrors

The carrier-envelope phase(CEP)φ_(0)is one of the key parameters in the generation of isolated attosecond pulses.In particular,“cosine”pulses(φ_(0)=0)are best suited for generation of single attosecond pulses in atomic media.Such“cosine”pulses have the peak of the most intense cycle aligned with the peak of the pulse envelope,and therefore have the highest contrast between the peak intensity and the neighboring cycles.In this paper,the dynamics of single attosecond pulse generation from a relativistically oscillating plasma mirror is investigated.We use an elementary analytical model as well as particle-in-cell simulations to study few-cycle attosecond pulses.We find that the phase of the field driving the surface oscillations depends on the plasma density and preplasma scale length.This leads us to a counterintuitive conclusion:for the case of normal incidence and a sharp plasma-vacuum boundary,the CEP required for the generation of a single attosecond pulse phase is closer toφ_(0)=π/2(a“sine”pulse),with the exact value depending on the plasma parameters.

Preparation of waterborne polyurethane/β-cyclodextrin composite nanosponge by ion condensation method and its application in removing of dyes from wastewater

Currently,polymer nanosponges have received extensive attention.However,developing new synthetic techniques for novel nanosponges remains a challenge.Furthermore,to date,composite nanosponge adsorbents based on waterborne polyurethane(WPU)andβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)have not been reported.Herein,a novel green method,ion condensation method,was developed in this study for the preparation of polymer nanosponge adsorbents for efficient removal of dyes from wastewater.Based on the principle of charge repulsion between nanoparticles to maintain emulsion stability,waterborne polyurethane/β-cyclodextrin composite nanosponges(WPU-x,y)were prepared by coagulating the emulsions synthesized from 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid,polypropylene glycol and hexamethylene diisocyanate as raw materials in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and anhydrous ethanol.The structure and appearance of WPU-x,y were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermal gravimetric analyzer,scanning electron microscope and mercury intrusion porosimetry.The adsorption capacity of WPU-x,y was tested by parameters such as cross-linking degree,β-CD dosage,contact time,initial dye concentration and p H value.The study found that WPU-4,4.62 had the best adsorption effect on methylene blue(MB),the maximum removal rate was 93.42%,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 136.03 mg·g^(-1).Moreover,the Sips isotherm and pseudo-second-order-model were suitable for MB adsorption.Therefore,this study provides some perspectives for the fabrication of nanosponge adsorbents.

Failure Envelopes of Single-Plate Rigid Helical Anchors for Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

Helical anchor is a kind of novel foundation for floating offshore wind turbines,which should be subjected to combined tensile loading caused by wind,wave and current.However,the research about the capacity of helical anchor was mainly examined under uniaxial loading and scarcely explored under combined loading.In this study,three-dimensional finite element limit analysis is adopted to assess the bearing capacities of single-plate rigid helical anchors with different ratios of helix to shaft diameter,D_(H)/D_(S) and embedment ratios L/D_(S).Result shows that the vertical,horizontal and moment bearing capacities increase with increasing D_(H)/D_(S) and L/D_(S).The normalized V-H failure envelopes expands with increasing L/D_(S),while the normalized V-M failure envelopes tend to contract with the increase of D_(H)/D_(S).With increasing D_(H)/D_(S) or decreasing L/D_(S),the normalized H-M failure envelopes expand when the horizontal and moment loading act in the same direction and contract when they act in the opposite direction.The effect of D_(H)/D_(S) and L/D_(S) on the shape of H-M failure envelope become insignificant when L/D_(S)≥4.A series of failure mechanisms under different loading conditions were observed and can be used to explain the trend.Besides,a series of approximate expressions were proposed to fit the uniaxial bearing capacities and the failure envelopes.

Data envelopment analysis for scale elasticity measurement in the stochastic case:with an application to Indian banking

In the nonparametric data envelopment analysis literature,scale elasticity is evaluated in two alternative ways:using either the technical efficiency model or the cost efficiency model.This evaluation becomes problematic in several situations,for example(a)when input proportions change in the long run,(b)when inputs are heterogeneous,and(c)when firms face ex-ante price uncertainty in making their production decisions.To address these situations,a scale elasticity evaluation was performed using a value-based cost efficiency model.However,this alternative value-based scale elasticity evaluation is sensitive to the uncertainty and variability underlying input and output data.Therefore,in this study,we introduce a stochastic cost-efficiency model based on chance-constrained programming to develop a value-based measure of the scale elasticity of firms facing data uncertainty.An illustrative empirical application to the Indian banking industry comprising 71 banks for eight years(1998–2005)was made to compare inferences about their efficiency and scale properties.The key findings are as follows:First,both the deterministic model and our proposed stochastic model yield distinctly different results concerning the efficiency and scale elasticity scores at various tolerance levels of chance constraints.However,both models yield the same results at a tolerance level of 0.5,implying that the deterministic model is a special case of the stochastic model in that it reveals the same efficiency and returns to scale characterizations of banks.Second,the stochastic model generates higher efficiency scores for inefficient banks than its deterministic counterpart.Third,public banks exhibit higher efficiency than private and foreign banks.Finally,public and old private banks mostly exhibit either decreasing or constant returns to scale,whereas foreign and new private banks experience either increasing or decreasing returns to scale.Although the application of our proposed stochastic model is illustrative,it can be potentially applied to all firms in the information and distribution-intensive industry with high fixed costs,which have ample potential for reaping scale and scope benefits.

Intelligent Digital Envelope for Distributed Cloud-Based Big Data Security

Cloud computing offers numerous web-based services.The adoption of many Cloud applications has been hindered by concerns about data security and privacy.Cloud service providers’access to private information raises more security issues.In addition,Cloud computing is incompatible with several industries,including finance and government.Public-key cryptography is frequently cited as a significant advancement in cryptography.In contrast,the Digital Envelope that will be used combines symmetric and asymmetric methods to secure sensitive data.This study aims to design a Digital Envelope for distributed Cloud-based large data security using public-key cryptography.Through strategic design,the hybrid Envelope model adequately supports enterprises delivering routine customer services via independent multi-sourced entities.Both the Cloud service provider and the consumer benefit from the proposed scheme since it results in more resilient and secure services.The suggested approach employs a secret version of the distributed equation to ensure the highest level of security and confidentiality for large amounts of data.Based on the proposed scheme,a Digital Envelope application is developed which prohibits Cloud service providers from directly accessing insufficient or encrypted data.

Envelope Method and More General New Global Structures of Solutions for Multi-dimensional Conservation Law

For the two-dimensional(2D)scalar conservation law,when the initial data contain two different constant states and the initial discontinuous curve is a general curve,then complex structures of wave interactions will be generated.In this paper,by proposing and investigating the plus envelope,the minus envelope,and the mixed envelope of 2D non-selfsimilar rarefaction wave surfaces,we obtain and the prove the new structures and classifications of interactions between the 2D non-selfsimilar shock wave and the rarefaction wave.For the cases of the plus envelope and the minus envelope,we get and prove the necessary and sufficient criterion to judge these two envelopes and correspondingly get more general new structures of 2D solutions.

Coherent Parameter Measurement Based on Partial Coherent Envelope Demodulation

The key parameters of laser energy concentration and coherence can be characterized by laser linewidth, which determines the detection range, measurement resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of laser precision measurement technology. Up to now, the laser linewidth is mainly measured by the energy distribution width in the frequency domain, but the coherence of the laser has not been measured or characterized directly. In this work, we propose the concept of coherent linewidth based on the coherent envelope of delayed self-heterodyne detection to directly characterize the time-frequency coherence of lasers. In the proof-of-concept experiment, we obtain the coherence coefficient through the Fourier transform of the partial coherence envelope, and then measure the coherence linewidth of the laser. The measured coherent linewidth is smaller than the traditional integral linewidth and larger than the intrinsic Lorentzian linewidth, indicating that the coherent linewidth is less affected by low-frequency 1/f noise. The concept of coherent linewidth proposed in this article can serve as a candidate method for directly characterizing the coherence of narrow linewidth lasers. .

基于波士顿矩阵分析法的区域医院科技创新效率研究

目的通过客观评价了解区域医院科技创新效率,推动医院医学学科建设,为医院争创国家区域医疗中心的建设目标提供助力。方法基于医院科技量值指标体系,选取深圳市67家三级医院作为研究对象,分析医院科技创新发展情况,利用波士顿矩阵分析法反映医院科技创新效率。结果深圳市医院间科技创新效率有较大差距:6家医院以相对低的科技投入产生了较高的科技产出,科技创新效率最好;13家医院以较高的科技投入产生了较高的科技产出,具有较好的科技创新效率,科技产出仍可再提升;1家医院科技投入高而科技产出较低,具有较低的科技创新效率,在科技产出方面仍有较大提升空间;47家医院科技投入较低且科技产出也较低,在科技投入及科技产出两个维度仍需发力。结论应依据城市经济高质量发展水平,加强医院科技创新投入水平,引导产出高质量医学科技成果,提升医院科技创新效率。

考虑最小平均包络熵负荷分解的最优Bagging集成超短期多元负荷预测

多元负荷预测技术是保证综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)供需平衡与稳定运行的关键基石。但具有强随机性与波动性的IES负荷加剧了超短期多元负荷准确预测的难度。为此,提出考虑最小平均包络熵负荷分解的最优Bagging集成超短期多元负荷预测方法。构建基于最小平均包络熵的变分模态分解参数优化模型,将IES多元负荷分解为本征模态分量集合;基于统一信息系数法筛选多元负荷预测的日历、气象与负荷强相关特征;结合负荷本征模态分量集合、日历规则、气象环境与负荷数据,构建Bagging集成超短期多元负荷预测模型,并建立基于平均绝对百分比误差与决定系数的集成策略优化模型,进而得到最优集成策略与最终预测结果。以美国亚利桑那州立大学坦佩校区IES为对象展开仿真验证,结果表明,所提方法的电、热、冷负荷预测平均绝对百分比误差分别为1.9486%、2.0585%、2.5331%,相比其他预测方法具有更高准确率。

基于fsQCA组态视角的我国医疗资源配置效率提升路径分析

背景当前我国医疗资源配置区域失衡、公平性缺失问题仍然突出。党的“二十大”报告明确提出要“促进优质医疗资源扩容和区域均衡布局”。目的探究提升我国医疗资源配置效率的具体路径,为实现我国医疗资源合理且高效配置、促进基本公共服务均等化提供科学参考。方法于2022年9月—2023年2月开展研究,数据源于《2021中国统计年鉴》《2021中国卫生健康统计年鉴》。将医疗卫生机构数、卫生技术人员数、床位数作为投入指标,以诊疗人次和入院人数为产出指标,通过数据包络分析(DEA)方法对我国2020年31个省份医疗资源配置效率进行测度;以医疗资源配置效率为结果变量,以卫生技术人员占比、每千人口床位数、出院者平均住院日、人均国内生产总值(GDP)、居民可支配收入、财政收入分权和医疗卫生财政预算支出占比为条件变量,运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法从组态视角探究内外部要素对医疗资源配置效率的协同影响机制,剖析高或非高水平医疗资源配置效率的条件组态,明确医疗资源高效率和低效率配置的多重路径。结果2020年我国31个省份医疗资源配置效率整体水平较高,均值为0.852,但省际存在较大差异。组态分析结果可知,医疗资源配置效率的提升是多因素共同作用的结果,共存在3种医疗资源高效率配置的路径。路径1:政府主导型驱动路径,以广西壮族自治区为典型案例。路径2:内外协调型驱动路径,以云南省和甘肃省为代表案例。路径3:均衡型驱动路径,代表案例主要有广东省、福建省和湖北省。非高医疗资源配置效率的路径也存在3条。路径1:政府制约型路径。路径2:经济-政府双重制约型路径,代表案例有黑龙江省和吉林省。路径3:内外制约型路径,典型案例有山西省和西藏自治区。结论内外部各要素及要素间的协同在良性互动过程中共同影响着医疗资源配置效率水平,需优化内外部环境,并对关键资源要素进行有效整合,以形成合力,促进区域医疗资源合理配置。

相变储能材料在建筑围护结构领域的应用及研究进展

相变材料(PCM)具有结构稳定性好、高储能密度、可控相变温度、较大的相变潜热以及出色的储热能力,被用作建筑物中有效的潜在储能元件,以改善由温室气体排放引起的严重环境问题,可有效地减缓燃料和电能消耗,同时在建筑围护结构中保持舒适的环境,最大限度地减少温度波动。简述相变材料的分类及其选取,相变材料的封装工艺,重点介绍了相变储能材料在围护结构领域的研究与应用,指出了影响相变围护结构效率的因素,对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。