Spectrofluorometry of Ions and Small Molecules Based on Conformational Changes of Specific Oligonucleotides with o-Phthalaldehyde-β-mercaptoethanol

Specific oligonucleotides such as telomere DNA and aptamer often undergo conformational changes upon ligand binding. Composite reagent composed of o-phthalaldehyde and β-mercaptoethanol（OPAME） has been extensively applied to fluorescent detection of amino compounds based on the reaction of primary amino-group, herein we proposed a general spectrofluorometry for ions and small molecules due to conformational changes upon ligand binding taking K^＋ and ATP as examples. In a borate controlled buffer medium, telomere DNA could react with OPAME, giving a thio-subtituted isoindole compound with strong fluorescence emission at 455 nm when excited at 340 nm. It was found that however, the fluorescence emission was greatly reduced in the presence of K^＋ since the formation of the quadruplex structure inhibits the reaction activity of amino-groups of telomere DNA. In order to testify the general application of OPAME reagent based on the conformational change of oligonucleotides, we further proposed a sensitive method of ATP based on its highly selective interaction with ATP-aptamer. The above mentioned applications show that the spectrofluorometry with the aid of OPAME reagent is simple, label free that is expected to be potentially general for DNA conformational change-based target detection.

Drought stress,mercuric chloride,andβ-mercaptoethanol effects on hydraulic characteristics of three cultivars of wolfberry(Lycium chinense)

In order to further understand the effects of drought stress on hydraulic characteristics and the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and aquaporins or water channels of root systems of three wolfberry cultivars(Lycium chinense Mill.),hydraulic conductivity of 2-yearold pot-grown seedlings was measured under drought stress,rewatering,and treatment with exogenous mercuric chloride andβ-mercaptoethanol.Under moderate and severe drought stress levels,the most significant decrease of hydraulic conductivity was 37.3%and 24.0%,respectively,in the‘Ningqi 5’cultivar compared with the nonstressed control.After rewatering,the rate of recovery in specific conductivity was most rapid in the‘Mengqi 1’cultivar,at 0.058 and 0.072 kg MPa^-1 m^-2 s^-1 h^-1 under moderate and severe drought stress levels,respectively.The‘Mengqi 1’cultivar had the highest recovery degree of hydraulic conductivity under two concentrations ofβ-ME(500 or 1000 lmol L^-1),reaching 82.4%and 88.5%,respectively,of the initial conductivity.The adaptive capacity of hydraulic conductivity in the‘Ningqi 5’cultivar was weaker than in the‘Ningqi 1’and‘Mengqi 1’cultivars under drought stress.The recovery capacity of hydraulic conductivity in‘Mengqi 1’cultivar was stronger than the‘Ningqi 1’and‘Ningqi 5’cultivars after rewatering.Aquaporins of the‘Ningqi 1’cultivar root systems had the highest binding affinity with mercuric chloride,which was the most likely cause in the decrease in hydraulic conductivity,whereas aquaporins of‘Mengqi 1’root systems had the weakest binding affinity.The inhibitory effect of mercuric chloride was readily eliminated byβ-mercaptoethanol in the‘Mengqi 1’cultivar.The hydraulic characteristics of this cultivar were more sensitive to drought,mercuric chloride andβ-mercaptoethanol than the other cultivars.

Effects of β-mercaptoethanol Concentrations on Developmental Ability of Oocytes in 6-week-old Dorper Sheep

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations ofβ-mercaptoethanol on the development ability of oocytes in Dorper sheep at the age of 6 weeks.In this study,6 Dorper sheep of 6 weeks old were chosen to induce oocyte collection in vivo by gonadotropin,and A and B grade cumulus oocyte complexes were obtained(COCs)with different concentrations of(0,50,70 and 100μmol/L)ofβ-mercaptoethanol in the mature liquid.The cleavage rate and blastocyst rate were counted after matured oocytes and capacitated sperm were co-incubated and fertilized eggs were cultivated.The results showed that compared with the cleavage rate(59.13%)and the blastocyst rate(12.17%)of the control group,the cleavage rates(60.87%,63.48%and 65.22%)and blastocyst rates(14.78%,17.39%and 21.74%)of the test groups I,II and III were higher(P>0.05),and the order was test group III>test group II>test group I>control group.The cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of the 100μmol/Lβ-mercaptoethanol group increased by 6.09 percentage points and 9.57 percentage points,respectively.It indicated that the addition of a certain amount ofβ-mercaptoethanol in the mature liquid could improve the developmental ability of oocytes and the quality of fertilized eggs of the 6-week-old Doper sheep.When theβ-mercaptoethanol concentration was within 100μmol/L,the cleavage rate and the blastocyst rate of oocytes were on the rise.The optimal concentration ofβ-mercaptoethanol in the mature liquid still needs further study.

Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor and β-mercaptoethanol on In-vitro Fertilization and Development of Oocytes from Hormone-Stimulated Lambs

[Objective]The aim was to explore optimization of system of oocytes in-vitro culture of young animals. [Method]Effects of EGF （ epidermal growth factor） and β-mercaptoethanol in maturation media on fertilization,cleavage and blastaea were researched,which were then compared with those of adult sheep. [Result]EGF in different concentrations had little effects on rates of cleavage and blastaea （ P 〉0.05） and β-mer-captoethanol in different concentrations would improve blastaea rate of oocytes,for example,100 μmol/L of β-mercaptoethanol has significant effects on balstaea rate （ P 〈0.05） ,but has little effects on cleavage rate （ P 〉0. 05） . In addition,rates of cleavage and balstaea of oocytes in lamb were both lower than those of adult sheep （ P 〈0.05） ; fertilization rate of oocytes in lamb （ P 〈0.05） ,which differed little with that of adult sheep （ P 〉0.05） ,could be significantly enhanced by 100 μmol/L of β-mercaptoethanol. Furthermore,polyspermy rate was higher than that of adult sheep without β-mercaptoethanol （ P 〈0.05） ; the rate was of little differences with that of adult sheep with 100 μmol/L of β-mercaptoethanol （ P 〉 0.05） ; unfertilization rate （ 20%） in media without β-mercaptoethanol was a little higher （ P 〉0.05） than those of adult sheep （ 12.3%） and those in media with β-mercaptoethanol （ 13.5%） . [Conclusion]Developmental capacity of oocytes and fertilization rate could be improved by 100 μmol/L of β-mercaptoethanol with polyspermy rate reduced,but developmental capacity of lamb was significantly lower than that of adult sheep.

Apoptosis during β-mercaptoethanol-induced differentiation of adult adipose-derived stromal cells into neurons

β-mercaptoethanol can induce adipose-derived stromal cells to rapidly and efficiently differentiate into neurons in vitro.However,because of the short survival time of the differentiated cells,clinical applications for this technique are limited.As such,we examined apoptosis of neurons differentiated from adipose-derived stromal cells induced with β-mercaptoethanol in vitro using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and transmission electron microscopy.The results revealed that the number of surviving cells decreased and apoptosis rate increased as induction time extended.Taken together,these results suggest that apoptosis occurring in the process of adipose-derived stromal cells differentiating into neurons is the main cause of cell death.However,the mechanism underlying cellular apoptosis should be researched further to develop methods of controlling apoptosis for clinical applications.

S-(2-羟乙基)-2,2-二甲基丙硫酸酯的合成研究

研究了S-(2-羟乙基)-2,2-二甲基丙硫酸酯的合成,采用三甲基乙酰氯和β-巯基乙醇作为反应物完成了硫酯键的构建,并对该反应条件进行了方法学研究。该化合物的合成工艺是在-78℃条件下,将β-巯基乙醇和三乙胺分别加入装有干燥DCM的圆底烧瓶中,缓慢滴加三甲基乙酰氯于反应体系中,允许反应升温至室温继续反应2h,该工艺方法得到82%左右的收率,且反应条件简单温和,工艺设备成本廉价,可进行大量合成,实现了操作简单、经济实惠和绿色环保的目的。

Protective Effects of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A against Oxidative Damage of β-Mercaptoethanol During Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Objective To study the protective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A （HSYA） against the oxidative damage caused by β-mercaptoethanol （BME） during neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） in vitro. Methods When the confluence reached 50%-60%, 4th passage MSCs were divided into three groups to culture. Gt ： normal group which was cultured using basic medium （DMEM containing 10% FBS all the time）; G2： unprotected group which was continuously cultured using basic medium for 24 h, and then cultured using pre-induction medium （DMEM containing 10% FBS and 1 mmol/L BME）; G3： protected group which was firstly cultured using protective medium （DMEM containing 10% FBS and 160 mg/L HSYA） for 24 h, and then cultured using pre-induction medium for 24 h. After these treatments as above, cell viability, relative levels of SOD/GSH and apoptosis rate were respectively detected. The expression of Bcl and Bax was examined by Western blotting. After HSYA protection and BME pre-induction, neural induction was performed. The expression of NSE and MAP-2 was respectively analyzed on cellular and molecular levels. Results Compared with unprotected group, 160 mg/L HSYA could obviously improve cells viability, maintain high level of SOD and GSH in MSCs, reduce apoptosis rate and improve the ratio of Bcl/Bax. After protection with 160 mg/L HSYA, the survival time of neuron-like cells could be extended. Immunocytochemical staining showed that after 10 h of neural induction, the differentiated neuron-like cells in protected group were still in a good state, and the mRNA levels of NSE and MAP-2 were increased during the induction course checked. Conclusion HSYA could improve the resistance of cells to the oxidative damage caused by BME.

Preparation and Catalytic Oxidation Activity on 2-mercaptoethanol of a Novel Catalytic Cellulose Fibres

Cobalt tetra（N-carrbonylacrylic） aminophthalocyanine was supported on cellulose fibres by graft reaction to obtain a novel polymer catalyst, catalytic cellulose fibres （CCF）, and the optimal supporting conditions were pH = 6,80℃, t = 120 min. The catalytic oxidation activity of CCF towards oxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol （MEA） in aqueous solution was investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that CCF had good catalytic oxidation activity on MEA at room temperature, causing no secondary pollution and remaining efficient for the repetitive tests with no obvious decrease of catalytic activity.

不同水解方法对植物叶片结合氨基酸测定影响分析

为建立植物叶片结合氨基酸(bound amino acid,BAA)适宜检测方法,试验采用全自动氨基酸分析仪对4种植物叶片BAA进行测定:zuixinZG二极管,钠体系色谱柱(125 mmHR),柱后衍生光度法,570 mm/440 nm,单点校正。研究常规盐酸水解法、苯酚+盐酸水解法、β-巯基乙醇(β-mercaptoethanol,BME)+盐酸水解法、过甲酸氧化法对植物叶片17种BAA及其总量的影响。结果表明:过甲酸氧化法适合用于水稻和小麦叶片含硫氨基酸测定;BME+盐酸水解法适合用于4种植物叶片BAA测定。采用BME+盐酸水解26 h,植物叶片中多数极性正电和非极性氨基酸含量达到最大值;添加0.80%BME,植物叶片中极性正电氨基酸、负电氨基酸、中性氨基酸中的酪氨酸、胱氨酸及大部分非极性氨基酸含量达到最大值。该方法操作简单、重复性强、稳定性高,适合用于植物叶片BAA的检测。

影响对硝基苯基-β-羟乙基硫醚合成的原因分析

对硝基苯基-β-羟乙基硫醚是采用巯基乙醇工艺路线生产对位酯的第一步产物,该产物主要以对氯硝基苯和2-巯基乙醇在溶剂二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中缩合反应而成,反应过程中加入适量的缚酸剂NaOH调节体系的pH值。通过实验研究,找出最佳合成对硝基苯基-β-羟乙基硫醚的条件。

邻苯二甲醛-β-巯基乙醇组合试剂可视化荧光检测多巴胺

研究发现，在碱性条件下，邻苯二甲醛和β-巯基乙醇组合试剂可与多巴胺发生化学反应生成异吲哚类化合物。当用340nm光激发时产生462nm的荧光，且荧光强度与多巴胺含量呈良好的线性关系，从而建立了一种可视化荧光检测多巴胺的新方法。在pH9．8的H3BO3-NaOH缓冲条件下，检测的线性范围为5．2×10^-8～1．7×10^-5mol／L，相关系数为0．9993，检出限（3σ）为4．1×10～mol／L。对7．0×10^-6mol／L的多巴胺进行11次平行测定，其相对标准偏差为1．4％。方法用于盐酸多巴胺注射液含量的分析，平均加标回收率为97．7％。以波长为365nm紫外灯激发多巴胺样品，可实现多巴胺可视化半定量检测。

β-巯基乙醇与肝基质对日本血吸虫培养细胞的影响

目的研究β鄄巯基乙醇与肝基质对日本血吸虫培养细胞的影响。方法将18d虫龄的日本血吸虫童虫细胞联合法接种于小盖玻片上。实验被随机分为4个组,分别为对照组、β鄄巯基乙醇组、肝基质组、β鄄巯基乙醇+肝基质联合处理组。培养第7天,对各组细胞进行核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白(AgNORs)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)细胞化学染色,并结合图像分析比较4个组培养细胞的AgNORs水平及LDH活性。结果与对照组比较,肝基质组、β鄄巯基乙醇组、β鄄巯基乙醇+肝基质联合处理组培养细胞的AgNORs颗粒数目、颗粒面积与核面积百分比、平均光密度以及LDH的平均光密度等4个参数均有不同程度升高(P<0.01)。其中,以β鄄巯基乙醇组培养细胞的4个参数升高最显著,β鄄巯基乙醇+肝基质联合处理组次之,肝基质组升高幅度最小。统计学分析显示,除β鄄巯基乙醇+肝基质联合处理组与β鄄巯基乙醇组之间的AgNORs及LDH平均光密度两两比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05),其余组间3个参数两两比较差异均有显著意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论β鄄巯基乙醇与肝基质均能促进日本血吸虫培养细胞的增殖、代谢,但β鄄巯基乙醇的作用比肝基质显著;二者联合使用对培养细胞的增殖无协同作用。

Fura-2/AM荧光法测定日本血吸虫培养细胞内游离钙离子浓度

目的 研究用钙荧光探剂 (Fura- 2 / AM)检测静息状态下日本血吸虫培养细胞内的游离钙离子浓度 ([Ca2 + ]i) ,以及β-巯基乙醇对培养细胞 [Ca2 + ]i的影响。方法 将 18d虫龄的日本血吸虫童虫制成细胞悬液 ,贴壁法接种于 30 ml培养瓶中 ,培养液为 RPMI- 16 4 0含 2 0 %小牛血清及常量抗生素。在培养的 0 - 3d,制备日本血吸虫细胞悬液 ,采用 Fura- 2 / AM钙荧光探剂测定正常静息状态下及加入β-巯基乙醇后日本血吸虫培养细胞内的 [Ca2 + ]i。结果 正常静息状态下 ,培养 0 d的日本血吸虫培养细胞内的 [Ca2 + ]i为 188.2 nmol/ L ;培养 1- 3d的 [Ca2 + ]i两两比较差异无显著性(P>0 .0 5 ) ,它们的平均值为 (187.0± 10 .7) nm ol/ L ,与培养 0 d的 [Ca2 + ]i比较 ,差异也无显著性(P>0 .0 5 )。β-巯基乙醇可使日本血吸虫培养细胞内 [Ca2 + ]i明显升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,并随浓度的增加而升高。结论 培养 1- 3d,静息状态下日本血吸虫培养细胞内的 [Ca2 + ]i比较稳定 ,β-巯基乙醇能影响日本血吸虫培养细胞内的 [Ca2 +

日本血吸虫培养细胞核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白的研究

目的 通过研究日本血吸虫成虫与童虫培养细胞核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白(AgNORs)含量及β-巯基乙醇对培养细胞AgNORs的影响,探讨AgNORs能否作为评价日本血吸虫培养细胞增殖的指标以及β-巯基乙醇对培养细胞的促增殖作用。方法 联合法培养虫龄分别为18d和24d的日本血吸虫童虫与成虫,将童虫细胞随机分成对照组和实验组,对照组细胞与成虫细胞使用常规培养基培养,实验组在常规培养基中加入50μmoL/L β-巯基乙醇和1mmoL/L丙酮酸钠。培养第5d,运用胶银法染色,使用HPIAS-2000图像分析系统,计算培养细胞核内AgNORs颗粒数,测定银染颗粒面积与核面积的百分比和平均光密度。结果 日本童虫培养细胞(对照组)的AgNORs颗粒数目、颗粒面积与核面积百分比、平均光密度均高于成虫培养细胞。统计学分析显示,两者之间的AgNORs颗粒数日,银染颗粒面积与核面积百分比、平均光密度两两比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01或P<0.05);实验组培养细胞与对照组比较,AgNORs颗粒数目明显增多颗粒面积与核面积百分比、平均光密度均显著升高。统计学分析可知,两组细胞三组参数之间均有统计学差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 AgNORs可作为评价日本血吸虫培养细胞增殖的一个简便、敏感的指标。日本血吸虫童虫培养细胞较成虫培养细胞更具增殖潜能;

β-巯基乙醇对牛孤雌胚胎发育的影响

【目的】研究β-巯基乙醇（β-ME）对牛卵母细胞核成熟和孤雌胚胎发育的影响。【方法】向OMM和SOF中添加0，0．05，0．10和0．15mmol／L β-ME，并在牛卵母细胞激活后，分别于1-细胞期、8～16细胞期、桑葚胚期向SOF中添加0．1mmol／L β-ME，通过比较胚胎体外发育水平确定添加β-ME的最佳时期。【结果】β-ME对牛卵母细胞核成熟无显著影响（P〉0．05）；0．05和0．10mmol／L β-ME均可显著提高牛孤雌胚胎的卵裂率及囊胚发育水平，但以0．10mmol／Lβ-ME添加组的效果较佳；牛孤雌胚胎发育到1-细胞期和8～16细胞期前，添加0．10mmol／L的β-ME，均可显著提高囊胚的发育水平（P〈0．05），但1-细胞期添加β-ME时的囊胚率、囊胚细胞数显著高于8～16细胞期组（P〈0．05），故1-细胞期是添加β-ME的最佳时机。【结论】β-ME对牛卵母细胞核成熟无促进作用，但可提高牛孤雌胚胎的卵裂率并促使囊胚发育，且在8～16细胞期前添加β-ME均可提高囊胚发育水平，但以1-细胞添加0．10mmol／Lβ-ME的促进效果最佳。

骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化为神经细胞的表型变化

为了研究大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)诱导分化为神经细胞的表型特征,利用贴壁培养法获得骨髓MSCs。化学诱导剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和β-巯基乙醇(BME)联合诱导MSCs。免疫组织化学染色检测神经元特异性标志物MAP2、NSE和NF的表达,以及胶质细胞标志物GFAP的表达。硫堇-伊红染色检测细胞内Nissl体。结果表明,DMSO和BME联合诱导MSCs后48h,80%以上的细胞变为神经元样形态,胞体发出数个突起,有的似轴突,突起交织成网。免疫组化结果表明,诱导后细胞表达神经元特异性标志物MAP2、NSE和NF,其诱导率分别为88.6%,87.1%和85.8%。神经干细胞的特征性生物学标记nestin的诱导率在诱导后2h和10h较高,分别为48%和71.4%,而在诱导后48h仅为0.06%。诱导后细胞不表达GFAP。Nissl染色结果表明,诱导后细胞胞质中含有Nissl体。本研究结果证明DMSO和BME联合诱导MSCs可获得具有神经元表型特征的MSCs源性神经细胞。

EGF和β-巯基乙醇对羔羊卵母细胞体外受精和体外发育的影响

[目的]为优化幼畜卵母细胞体外培养体系提供理论基础。[方法]研究在成熟液中添加EGF和β-巯基乙醇对绵羔羊卵母细胞受精和卵裂、囊胚情况的影响,并与成年绵羊卵母细胞进行比较。[结果]在成熟液中添加不同浓度的EGF对羔羊卵母细胞卵裂率和囊胚率无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加不同浓度的β-巯基乙醇可以提高羔羊卵母细胞囊胚率,其中添加100μmol/Lβ-巯基乙醇有显著影响(P<0.05),但对卵裂率影响不显著(P>0.05)。羔羊卵母细胞卵裂率和囊胚率均显著低于成年羊(P<0.05)。添加100μmol/L的β-巯基乙醇能显著提高羔羊卵母细胞正常受精率(P<0.05),且与成年羊卵母细胞受精率差异不显著(P>0.05)。未添加β-巯基乙醇多精入卵率显著高于成年羊(P<0.05),而添加100μmol/L的β-巯基乙醇多精入卵率与成年羊差异不显著(P>0.05)。成熟液中不添加β-巯基乙醇时未受精率(20.0%)高于成年羊组(12.3%)和β-巯基乙醇(13.5%),但差异不显著(P>0.05)。[结论]添加100μmol/L的β-巯基乙醇能显著提高羔羊卵母细胞发育能力,提高正常受精的比例并减少多精子受精的发生,但羔羊卵母细胞发育能力仍显著低于成年羊。

丹参注射液诱导骨髓基质干细胞定向发育为神经细胞的实验研究

目的:研究复方丹参注射液体外诱导人胚胎和成年小鼠骨髓基质干细胞(MSCs)体外定向神经细胞发育的规律。方法:应用复方丹参注射液诱导体外培养的人胚胎和成年小鼠骨髓基质干细胞,观察诱导过程中的形态学变化,并于诱导后5、24、72 h分别应用抗Nestin、抗bⅢ-tubulin、抗MBP及抗GFAP抗体进行免疫细胞化学染色,RT-PCR检测mRNA表达,Westem Blot检测蛋白表达。应用5mmol/L和10 mmol/L的2-巯基乙醇作为诱导对照组。结果:复方丹参注射液和2-巯基乙醇均可诱导骨髓基质干细胞分化为神经样细胞,但复方丹参注射液诱导作用更为缓和,细胞死亡率远低于2-巯基乙醇诱导组。免疫细胞化学示Nestin和bⅢ-tubulin呈阳性表达,MBP及GFAP呈阴性表达。RT-PCR可见Nestin和bⅢ-tubulin mRNA呈阳性表达,Westem Blot检测证实,Nestin和bⅢ-tubulin蛋白呈阳性表达。结论:复方丹参注射液可在体外诱导人胚胎和成年小鼠骨髓基质干细胞向神经细胞发育,是较为理想的诱导剂。

Ultrastructure of neuronal-like cells differentiated from adult adipose-derived stromal cells

β-mercaptoethanol induces in vitro adult adipose-derived stromal cells （ADSCs） to differentiate into neurons. However, the ultrastructural features of the differentiated neuronal-like cells remain unknown. In the present study, inverted phase contrast microscopy was utilized to observe β-mercaptoethanol-induced differentiation of neuronal-like cells from human ADSCs, and immunocytochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed to detect expression of a neural stem cells marker （nestin）, a neuronal marker （neuron-specific enolase）, and a glial marker （glial fibrillary acidic protein）. In addition, ultrastructure of neuronal-like cells was observed by transmission election microscopy. Results revealed highest expression rate of nestin and neuron-specific enolase at 3 and 5 hours following induced differentiation; cells in the 5-hour induction group exhibited a neuronal-specific structure, i.e., Nissl bodies. However, when induction solution was replaced by complete culture medium after 8-hour induction, the differentiated cells reverted to the fibroblast-like morphology from day 1. These results demonstrate that β-mercaptoethanol-induced ADSCs induced differentiation into neural stem cells, followed by morphology of neuronal-like cells. However, this differentiation state was not stable.

β-巯基乙醇和发情羊血清对牛颗粒细胞体外培养的影响

为满足实验室卵母细胞体外成熟共培养和胚胎共培养的需要以及进行卵巢颗粒细胞生物学功能等研究的需要,进行牛卵巢颗粒细胞的体外培养研究。在基础培养液TCM199中分别添加12.5、25、50、100、200μmol/L的β-巯基乙醇(BME),观察颗粒细胞生长状况;在基础培养液中分别添加体积分数为10%的发情山羊第1天血清、体积分数为10%的发情山羊第11天血清和体积分数为10%的胎牛血清,观察颗粒细胞生长和增殖情况。体外培养颗粒细胞的活细胞率随着添加BME浓度的增大而增加,在25μmol/L时达到最高,此后随浓度的增大而降低;发情山羊第1天的血清组中,颗粒细胞生长和增殖情况最好。BME可以提高颗粒细胞体外培养的活率,最佳添加浓度为25μmol/L;发情山羊第1天的血清可有效促进颗粒细胞体外培养生长和增殖。