Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique

BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium,particularly prevalent in elderly patients after abdominal cancer surgery,presents significant challenges in clinical management.AIM To develop a synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)-based model for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal cancer patients.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,we analyzed data from 611 elderly patients who underwent abdominal malignant tumor surgery at our hospital between September 2020 and October 2022.The incidence of postoperative delirium was recorded for 7 d post-surgery.Patients were divided into delirium and non-delirium groups based on the occurrence of postoperative delirium or not.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium.The SMOTE technique was applied to enhance the model by oversampling the delirium cases.The model’s predictive accuracy was then validated.RESULTS In our study involving 611 elderly patients with abdominal malignant tumors,multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant risk factors for postoperative delirium.These included the Charlson comorbidity index,American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,history of cerebrovascular disease,surgical duration,perioperative blood transfusion,and postoperative pain score.The incidence rate of postoperative delirium in our study was 22.91%.The original predictive model(P1)exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862.In comparison,the SMOTE-based logistic early warning model(P2),which utilized the SMOTE oversampling algorithm,showed a slightly lower but comparable area under the curve of 0.856,suggesting no significant difference in performance between the two predictive approaches.CONCLUSION This study confirms that the SMOTE-enhanced predictive model for postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal tumor patients shows performance equivalent to that of traditional methods,effectively addressing data imbalance.

Simultaneous purification of minor components in natural products using twin-column recycling chromatography with a step solvent gradient

The isolation of minor components from complex natural product matrices presents a significant challenge in the field of purification science due to their low concentrations and the presence of structurally similar compounds.This study introduces an optimized twin-column recycling chromatography method for the efficient and simultaneous purification of these elusive constituents.By introducing water at a small flowing rate between the twin columns,a step solvent gradient is created,by which the leading edge of concentration band would migrate at a slower rate than the trailing edge as it flowing from the upstream to downstream column.Hence,the band broadening is counterbalanced,resulting in an enrichment effect for those minor components in separation process.Herein,two target substances,which showed similar peak position in high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and did not exceed 1.8%in crude paclitaxel were selected as target compounds for separation.By using the twin-column recycling chromatography with a step solvent gradient,a successful purification was achieved in getting the two with the purity almost 100%.We suggest this method is suitable for the separation of most components in natural produces,which shows higher precision and recovery rate compared with the common lab-operated separation ways for natural products(thin-layer chromatography and prep-HPLC).

Cardiovascular diseases in European ethnic minorities: Beyond the traditional cardiovascular risk factors

This editorial is intended to be a reflection on cardiovascular disease(CVD)burden in European ethnic minorities.In some European countries,ethnic minority realities,due to their recent appearance,are still to be studied in depth.The experience of several European countries,where the migration processes started earlier,even more than a century ago,can help by being an example.Many studies have shown that major differences in CVD burden exist not only between countries,but also within the same country when considering different social strata and ethnic groups.The CV risk factors underlying heart disease have been well established.Important epidemiological studies have helped us understand that the underlying causes of heart disease as well as the behaviors that can help prevent them are the same.We are now well aware that CVD should be treated by considering a holistic approach.This is why the social determinants(SDs)of health that may worsen the disease burden or that,vice versa,may improve the treatment,and even more significantly,the prognosis of a patient’s illness should be taken into consideration.For ethnic minority patients,this holistic,hermeneutic approach is of importance.Several SDs of health that influence CVDs have been identified but their relevance for the health of ethnic minorities has not yet been clearly defined.In some European countries,most ethnic minorities are largely also religious minorities.Only a few studies have evaluated the role of religion,which is an important SD that affects the probability of having CV risk factors and diseases.Adolescents,particularly those belonging to the second generation,seem to be the weak link.If we believe that these young people are really citizens of their country of birth,then a way of recognizing their belonging to the community starts from a will to better understand their condition,in order to assist them while they grow physically and mentally.Thinking about safeguarding the health of this population should be more than a health task,rather a goal of social justice.

中日音乐术语的形成、传播与演变——以major和minor的译法为例

文章对英语major和minor相关的音乐术语在中日两种语言中的形成、传播与演变过程进行了梳理和分析。日源“长/短X”类术语于20世纪初进入汉语,传播路径为“洋→日→中”。汉语“大/小X”类术语最早由萧友梅使用,传播路径为“洋→中”路径。两类术语在经过竞争和淘洗后于20世纪50年代末统一为后者。汉语术语的形成过程中有日本术语的影响,术语更替的原因有语义占位、术语规范化等。

4-连通P0-Minor-Free图的特征

设H和G是两个图,如果图H可以通过从图G的一个子图中收缩边然后删除产生的环和平行边得到,我们就把图H叫做图G的一个minor。如果图G没有同构于图H的minor,我们称图G为H-minor-free图。图论中很多猜想都与H-minor-free图有关,例如Hadwiger猜想和Tutte 4-流猜想等。为了推动这些猜想的解决,我们目前非常关注Petersen-minor-free图的结构。由于它们都是15条边的3-连通图,直接刻画起来比较困难。因此为了刻画Petersen-minor-free图,许多学者尝试对每个边数小于15的3-连通图进行刻画去接近Petersen-minor-free图。记P0为Petersen收缩两条完美匹配边和一条非完美匹配边得到的子图基础上添加一条边得到的13条边的图。本文下面将给出完整的4-连通P0-minor-free图的刻画。

Spiritual Forests—A Nature Conservation Model of Ethnic Minority Communities in Central Viet Nam

This paper aims to analyze and evaluate a model of forest conservation and management of ethnic minority (or indigenous) people in central Vietnam, often referred to as the spiritual forest. These forests, called sacred forest or ghost forests by the ethnic minority people in Thua Thien Hue province, have existed for a long time among forest residents. However, they have recently declined, both in quality and quantity, due to various factors, including changes in society, economy, environment, and perception, among other reasons. Based on research conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province with household interviews, group discussions, and field surveys, we find that spiritual forest retains religious and human significance. They are also often among the last remaining natural forests left due to deforestation by human activities. The research results indicate challenges that conservation of spiritual forest may face, while giving recommendations derived from communities for sustainable forest development and conservation in the region.

A Case Study on Ideological and Political Teaching Mode of College English Course in Minority Classes

Based on the characteristics of College English teaching in minority classes,this paper analyzes the ideological and political teaching cases of College English courses in ethnic minority classes from four aspects:before-class,in-class(flipped classroom teaching),after-class,and teaching design feedback(feedback on students’learning situation,teaching content and methods),starts from the three aspects of knowledge impartation,ability improvement,and value guidance,and integrates the course ideology and politics into the theme,language,and reality,so as to form a“one point and three sides”course ideological and political teaching model.

Research on the Employment View of Acupuncture and Tuina Undergraduates in Minority Border Areas from Students’ Perspective

With the popularization of higher education in China,the employment situation of college students is more complex and severe.This paper adopts the questionnaire method to explore the employment view of acupuncture and tuina undergraduates of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The employment concept of acupuncture and tuina undergraduates in the minority border areas has changed greatly.After graduation,97.95%of students choose to work in fields related to medicine and acupuncture,prefer positions close to home,and are attracted to high-salary companies,among other factors.Therefore,enhancing the competitive advantages of medical students by guiding their career planning,providing employment selection advice,fostering innovation and entrepreneurship,improving basic skills,and offering graduate entrance examination guidance is crucial for broadening their employment opportunities.

Application of Chinese Ethnic Minority Themes in Contemporary Figurative Sculpture Creation

In the field of contemporary sculpture creation,the rich culture and historical depth of Chinese ethnic minorities have attracted the widespread attention of artists.These creations not only emphasize external features such as ethnic costumes,totems,or life scenes but also touch deep spiritual contents including historical stories,religious beliefs,and living habits of ethnic minorities.This paper discusses the integration process of Chinese ethnic minority themes in figurative sculpture creation and the inheritance of the profound spirit of ethnic groups in this process.At the same time,this paper also places the diversified expression and innovative practice of these themes in sculpture art in the context of the new era for investigation and explores the far-reaching influence of its development on promoting cultural inheritance and artistic innovation.

废电池浸出液对青萍(Lemna minor)生长的影响

为了研究青萍(Lemna minor)是否可以应用于有废电池污染的富营养化地表水体的治理和生态修复中,用不同倍数稀释的废电池浸出液处理3d的青萍作为试验材料,研究了在短期培养条件下,废电池浸出液对青萍生长的影响,并测定了抗氧化系统的几种酶(POD、CAT、SOD)的活性以及可溶性蛋白质量分数的变化。研究表明:青萍对废电池浸出液很敏感,低质量浓度的废电池浸出液可以使青萍中活性氧的含量增高,高质量浓度的废电池浸出液可以使青萍抗氧化酶系统紊乱,该植物在有废电池污染的水体中应该慎重应用。

Genetic Relationships Among Four Minorities in Guangxi Revealed by Analysis of 15 STRs

The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity in 15 STRs （short tandem repeats） loci of four minorities in Guangxi Province and to probe into the genetic variation and relationships among these ethnic groups. Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci were collected from 766 unrelated Mulao, Maonan, Miao, and Yao ethnic individuals by PCR-STR and sequencing, and their allele-frequency distribution were compared with each other. The genetic parameters and genetic distances were calculated, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. Based on the results from this study, 135, 134, 148, and 145 alleles and 424, 432, 445, and 436 genotypes for 15 STR loci were observed in the Mulao, Maonan, Miao, and Yao minorities, respectively. The average heterozygosity of all ethnic groups analyzed was above 0.7; the cumulative power of discrimination （DP）, the probabilities of paternity exclusion （EPP）, and the polymorphic information content （PIC） were greater than 0.99999. Comparison of the allele-frequency distribution indicated that there were significant differences at most loci between Maonan vs. Miao, Yao vs. other groups, but no distinct differences between Mulao vs. Maonan, and Mulao vs. Miao minorities. The NJ tree based on the genetic distance showed that the four minorities were separated into two groups. Mulao and Maonan were clustered into one group, whereas Miao and Yao into the other. Our results revealed that 15 STR loci of the four minorities possessed high genetic diversities. Therefore, the combination of these 15 STRs is a powerful tool for forensic individual identification and paternity investigation, as well as anthropologic and genetic researches. The genetic variation and relationships among the 4 populations revealed by 15 STRs are basically consistent with their linguistic culture and ethical history.

The Exploitation of Agricultural Civilization Heritages of Minority Community in Guangxi——A Case Study of Longsheng Dragon Back Terrace

Having outlined evolution and tour value of Dragon Back Terraces in Longsheng County,Guilin,the author puts forward following proposals for tour development in policy-making:(1) With improving the villages of the Minority community,to set up ecological museums in which the cultures of Minority are preserved,the primitive local "live humanity heritages" are shown as the key display on the basis of typical agricultural complex ecological system;(2) To encourage the citizens of the community to participate in the tour industry development,including the participation both in the decision-making in tour planning and preservation of the terrace agricultural civilization heritages as well as the allocation of the income of the local tour industry;(3)To promote the mutual development of both folkways and sightseeing tour,to enhance the exploitation of the present natural scenic and historical landscapes through the making full advantages of the present tour market.The Dragon Back Terraces are characterized by the important tour values,including the rich and colorful natural landscapes,typical complex agricultural ecological system,and the combination of the Minority folkways and agricultural civilization.

人工条件下长蛸(Octopus minor)繁殖习性及胚胎发育研究

于2009—2010年对山东荣成天鹅湖盛产的长蛸进行了人工繁育研究。采用显微观察和数码拍照等方法,观察其胚胎发育,详细描述各发育期的特征。结果表明,在室温21—25℃、盐度28—31等条件下,长蛸产卵量9—125粒,个体间差异较大。卵长径13—20mm,宽径4—6mm。雌体具护卵行为。胚胎发育期72—89d,分别历经卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、器官形成等20个时期。整个发育过程,胚胎发生两次翻转,第一次发生在第Ⅵ—Ⅶ期,约21d;第二次发生在第XIX期,约65d,少数个体也存在多次翻转现象。初孵幼体胴背长8.5—11.5mm,全长25—31mm,直接营底栖生活。

Study on Tourism Development and Community Participation in Villages of the Minorities ——With the Dong Village in Zhaoxing,Southeast Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture of Miao and Dong Nationalities,China

Based on basic theories of community participation in tourism development,questionnaires were designed for the field investigation in one of the largest Dong Villages in China,the Dong village in Zhaoxing.Community participation in tourism development of the Dong Village was analyzed from the perspectives of residents' participation in decision-making and management,reception and catering services,group performance,making and selling ethnic artworks,protection of village tourist resources and environment.And meanwhile,problems were pointed out as "still maintaining in the early stage of its tourism development,fewer opportunities for its residents participating in tourism development,resource protection being divorced from tourism benefits and so on",on the basis of which corresponding solutions were offered as "expanding the field of participation,improving the level of participation,increasing benefits of local residents;insisting on the principle of "not participating intentionally is the best way of their participation,guaranteeing economic compensation for rural residents;enhancing infrastructure construction;establishing a museum of folk-custom materials;creating a favorable atmosphere of folk cultures;enhancing cooperation with its neighboring villages in tourism development,and creating a "local industrial chain";establishing a research center of cultural tourism development of the Dong Minority.

NPHS1基因Fin-minor突变致中国先天性肾病综合征2例报道并文献复习

目的总结2例先天性肾病综合征芬兰型NPHS1基因Fin-minor突变患儿临床资料,提高对该病的认识。方法报道2例先天性肾病综合征患儿的临床特点。对可能致病基因NPHS1、NPHS2、PLCε1、LAMB2、COQ2和LMX1B外显子和WT1基因第8、9外显子,以及外显子相邻附近区域进行直接测序。对该家系相关成员进行NPHS1基因外显子及附近调控区域直接测序,分析突变位点,并文献综述。结果 2例患儿均于出生后1个月内起病,临床表现为肾病综合征。血清病原学检查均为阴性。家系调查未发现家族中有类似疾病的成员。NPHS1、NPHS2、PLCε1、LAMB2、COQ2、LMX1B和WT1基因分析发现,2例患儿存在双NPHS1基因杂合突变,未发现其他基因有致病性突变。1例患儿为NPHS1基因的p.R1109X(c.3325C>T,Fin-minor)和IVS26DS-2A>T杂合突变,IVS26DS-2A>T剪切突变为首次报道,其父亲携带IVS26DS-2A>T,其母亲携带p.R1109X。1例患儿为NPHS1基因的p.R1109X(c.3325C>T)和p.A1160X(c.3478C>T)杂合突变,其母亲携带p.R1109X突变,未发现p.A1160X突变,其父亲拒绝行NPHS1基因分析。以上发现的突变在100例正常人群中未发现。结论中国先天性肾病综合征儿童不仅有NPHS1基因突变,而且有经典的Fin-minor突变,为国内首报。本研究新发现的IVS26DS-2A>T剪切突变丰富了NPHS1基因突变谱。

Ecological Restoration Based on Minor Elements of Landscape Soil——A Case Study of Nan Hot Spring Park in Chongqing City of China

By taking Chongqing Nan Hot Spring Park as the research object,eight functional zones of the park has been selected as sampling spots,covering landscape facility zone at main entrance,garden zone at main entrance,lawn garden zone,river walking facility zone,activity landscape facility zone,natural garden zone,VILLA facility zone,and trees preservation zone which are recorded as LG1,LG2,LG3,LG4,LG5,LG6,LG7 and LG8,respectively.It has investigated soil pH,the content of B,Cu,Zn and Fe in soils of the eight sampling spots.The results show that soil pH of each spot is equal to or larger than 7.5,indicating that the soils are neutral and alkaline;available Cu,Zn and Fe are abundant while available B is insuff icient.In view of the actual situation of each spot,it has proposed ecological restoration based on soil improvement,so as to provide a reference for plants disposition,later maintenance and soil restoration in the park in the future.

Protection and Utilization of Cultural Landscape in a Forest Park in Ethnic Minority Region ——With a Case of Zhangjiajie

Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.

Rural Tourism Development Theory and Practice of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Rural Minority Areas of Sichuan Province,China——A Case Study of Kasidawen in Heishui County,Aba Prefecture of Sichuan

Researches on tourism development of intangible cultural heritage were introduced,and market gaps in the tourism development of intangible cultural heritage in ruralminority areas of China were proposed.On the basis of investigation and interview about Kasidawen in Heishui County the author participated in,a National-level Intangible Cultural Heritage,interview and questionnaire survey were adopted in this study,and the following problems were concluded:tourists having only limited knowledge about tourism development of Kasidawen;multilayered demands of tourist market;intangible cultural heritage of Sichuan Province as a whole is not widely-known because of insufficient publicity;tourists preferring tourism products that they participated in.Characteristics of intangible cultural heritage in Heishui County were summarized as strong national characteristics and unique cultural heritage,on the basis of which the "Kasidawen-based" Tourism Development Mode was proposed to change its present condition of "having only natural landscapes but no cultural connotation",and improve the cultural taste and level of tourism development in Heishui County,by arranging cultural functions and industries from the perspectives of both hardware and software facilities,and taking other types of resources as the supplement,useful theoretical references were given for rural tourism development of intangible cultural heritage inminority areas of China.

A Study on Innovation Mode of Tourism Development in Minority Village

It was of vital significance for sustainable development of tourism in minority village to explore tourism development mode suitable for minority village.Based on comparison of development,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of three modes which were Suoga mode,Shenzhen folk village mode and Langdeshang Village mode,it was considered that the contradiction between development of minority village economy,protection of national traditional culture and guarantee of villagers' benefits hadn't been radically eliminated in the three modes.In view of this,5Cs mode had been proposed which were culture,company,characteristics,community and concord;and running mechanism of 5Cs mode had been constructed,that is,environmental protection and cultural inheritance;government's guidance and company's leading;theme positioning and characteristic highlighting;community power-increasing and villagers' profit-obtaining;economic development and community harmony.

少数民族特色饮食与心血管疾病的关系:基于西南区域少数民族聚集地世居自然人群队列研究

背景心血管疾病(CVD)是引起死亡及致残的主要慢病之一,是我国重要的公共卫生问题,目前鲜见少数民族特色饮食对CVD影响的研究。目的分析贵州省少数民族CVD的流行现状,探讨民族特色饮食与CVD患病风险的关系。方法本研究数据来源于“西南区域少数民族聚集地世居自然人群队列研究”流行病学调查数据库,2018年7月—2019年8月,采用多阶段分层抽样,对贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州和黔南布依族苗族自治州的18790名30~79岁世居三代的侗族、苗族、布依族居民进行基线调查,最终共有17085人纳入分析,根据调查对象是否患有CVD将其分为两组:CVD组(530名)和非CVD组(16555名)。由专业调查员使用该项目组开发的专用电子问卷进行面对面访谈,包括基本情况、生活习惯、疾病史、饮食情况等调查。根据少数民族饮食文化研究可知,要求调查对象回忆过去1年中吃腌制蔬菜、糯米及其制品、腌制鱼/肉类、腊/熏肉、白酸汤、红酸汤、牛/羊瘪菜、紫血肉、鱼腥草、蕨菜、油茶这11种食物的频次(次/月)。采用非条件Logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条分析民族特色饮食与CVD的关系。结果贵州省少数民族CVD总患病率为3.20%(530/17085),各民族CVD患病率为侗族3.14%(207/6599)、苗族3.13%(158/5043)、布依族3.03%(165/5443),男性患病率(3.68%)高于女性(2.80%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在总人群中,糯米及其制品1~3次/月(OR=0.720,95%CI=0.553~0.937,P=0.015)是CVD的保护因素。在侗族人群中,蕨菜≤1次/月(OR=2.172,95%CI=1.162~4.059,P=0.015)是CVD的危险因素;在苗族人群中,糯米及其制品<1次/月(OR=0.563,95%CI=0.340~0.933,P=0.026)、油茶>1次/月(OR=0.442,95%CI=0.202~0.967,P=0.041)是CVD的保护因素;在布依族人群中,牛/羊瘪菜≤1次/月(OR=1.935,95%CI=1.046~3.579,P=0.035)是CVD的危险因素。亚组分析结果显示:在男性人群中,糯米及其制品1~3次/月(OR=0.639,95%CI=0.427~0.957,P=0.030)可降低CVD的患病风险;在<60岁的人群中,糯米及其制品1~3次/月(OR=0.656,95%CI=0.443~0.971,P=0.035)、鱼腥草<1次/月(OR=0.642,95%CI=0.418~0.986,P=0.043)均可降低CVD的患病风险,而蕨菜>1次/月(OR=1.655,95%CI=1.011~2.709,P=0.045)可增加CVD的患病风险;在体质量正常的人群中,糯米及其制品<1次/月(OR=0.584,95%CI=0.393~0.868,P=0.008)、1~3次/月(OR=0.666,95%CI=0.452~0.981,P=0.039)均可降低CVD的患病风险;在超重人群中,紫血肉≤1次/月(OR=0.658,95%CI=0.453~0.955,P=0.027)可降低CVD的患病风险;在肥胖人群中,红酸汤1~3次/月(OR=0.592,95%CI=0.360~0.973,P=0.039)可降低CVD的患病风险;在不吸烟人群中,糯米及其制品<1次/月(OR=0.716,95%CI=0.532~0.965,P=0.028)、1~3次/月(OR=0.711,95%CI=0.530~0.955,P=0.023)均可降低CVD的患病风险;在已戒烟人群中,蕨菜>1次/月(OR=7.507,95%CI=1.324~42.556,P=0.023)可增加CVD的患病风险,而油茶>1次/月(OR=0.319,95%CI=0.103~0.990,P=0.048)可降低CVD的患病风险;在不饮酒人群中,糯米及其制品1~3次/月(OR=0.710,95%CI=0.531~0.948,P=0.020)、红酸汤1~3次/月(OR=0.775,95%CI=0.613~0.980,P=0.033)均可降低CVD的患病风险,而腊/熏肉1~3次/月(OR=1.400,95%CI=1.040~1.884,P=0.027)可增加CVD的患病风险。糯米及其制品、腌制鱼/肉类和紫血肉与CVD的患病风险均存在非线性量效关系(P<0.05,P_(非线性)<0.05)。结论贵州省少数民族人群CVD的患病率较低。糯米及其制品、油茶、鱼腥草、紫血肉、红酸汤、牛/羊瘪菜、腊/熏肉的食用频次可能会影响CVD的患病风险。应对少数民族特色饮食的摄入频率知识进行宣传,从饮食方面对贵州省少数民族人群CVD进行防控干预。