Neural stem cell-derived exosomes regulate cell proliferation,migration,and cell death of brain microvascular endothelial cells via the miR-9/Hes1 axis under hypoxia

Background:Our previous study found that mouse embryonic neural stem cell(NSC)-derived exosomes(EXOs)regulated NSC differentiation via the miR-9/Hes1 axis.However,the effects of EXOs on brain microvascular endothelial cell(BMEC)dysfunction via the miR-9/Hes1 axis remain unknown.Therefore,the current study aimed to determine the effects of EXOs on BMEC proliferation,migration,and death via the miR-9/Hes1 axis.Methods:Immunofluorescence,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,cell counting kit-8 assay,wound healing assay,calcein-acetoxymethyl/propidium iodide staining,and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine the role and mechanism of EXOs on BMECs.Results:EXOs promoted BMEC proliferation and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions.The overexpression of miR-9 promoted BMEC prolifera-tion and migration and reduced cell death under hypoxic conditions.Moreover,miR-9 downregulation inhibited BMEC proliferation and migration and also promoted cell death.Hes1 silencing ameliorated the effect of amtagomiR-9 on BMEC proliferation and migration and cell death.Hyperemic structures were observed in the regions of the hippocampus and cortex in hypoxia-induced mice.Meanwhile,EXO treatment improved cerebrovascular alterations.Conclusion:NSC-derived EXOs can promote BMEC proliferation and migra-tion and reduce cell death via the miR-9/Hes1 axis under hypoxic conditions.Therefore,EXO therapeutic strategies could be considered for hypoxia-induced vascular injury.

TM9SF1 is implicated in promoting the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells

Zhuo et al looked into the part of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1)in bladder cancer(BC),and evaluated if it can be used as a therapeutic target.They created a permanent BC cell line and tested the effects of TM9SF1 overexpression and suppression on BC cell growth,movement,invasion,and cell cycle advancement.Their results show that TM9SF1 can boost the growth,movement,and invasion of BC cells and their access into the G2/M stage of the cell cycle.This research gives a novel direction and concept for targeted therapy of BC.

1.3 GHz 9-cell高性能超导腔高阶模耦合器电磁及热分析研究

中国科学院高能物理研究所于2023年6月完成了高品质因数1.3 GHz超导加速模组研发,在国际上率先实现了中温退火高品质因数超导腔模组技术路线。模组中集成了八只经过中温退火工艺处理的1.3 GHz9-cell超导腔,在模组的测试过程中超导腔的高阶模耦合器温升异常,导致超导腔无法在高梯度下稳定工作。通过HFSS软件和CST软件中的微波仿真模块对高阶模耦合器进行电磁分析,再通过理论和Ansys Workbench软件对高阶模耦合器进行热仿真分析,并结合模组的高功率实验,找到了超导腔性能异常的原因,并对超导腔高阶模耦合器的冷却方式进行了进一步的优化,解决了模组中超导腔高梯度下的不稳定性。

TM9SF1 promotes bladder cancer cell growth and infiltration

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer(BC)is the most common urological tumor.It has a high recur-rence rate,displays tutor heterogeneity,and resists chemotherapy.Furthermore,the long-term survival rate of BC patients has remained unchanged for decades,which seriously affects the quality of patient survival.To improve the survival rate and prognosis of BC patients,it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms of BC development and progression and identify targets for treatment and intervention.Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1),also known as MP70 and HMP70,is a member of a family of nine transmembrane superfamily proteins,which was first identified in 1997.TM9SF1 can be expressed in BC,but its biological function and mechanism in BC are not clear.AIM To investigate the biological function and mechanism of TM9SF1 in BC.Overexpression of TM9SF1 increased the in vitro proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells by promoting the entry of BC cells into the G2/M phase.Silencing of TM9SF1 inhibited in vitro proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells and blocked BC cells in the G1 phase.CONCLUSION TM9SF1 may be an oncogene in BC.

CLOCK inhibits the proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells by targeting ASB9

Background Clock circadian regulator(CLOCK)is a core factor of the mammalian biological clock system in regulat-ing female fertility and ovarian physiology.However,CLOCK’s specific function and molecular mechanism in porcine granulosa cells(GCs)remain unclear.In this study,we focused on CLOCK’s effects on GC proliferation.Results CLOCK significantly inhibited cell proliferation in porcine GCs.CLOCK decreased the expression of cell cycle-related genes,including CCNB1,CCNE1,and CDK4 at the mRNA and protein levels.CDKN1A levels were upregulated by CLOCK.ASB9 is a newly-identified target of CLOCK that inhibits GC proliferation;CLOCK binds to the E-box element in the ASB9 promoter.Conclusions These findings suggest that CLOCK inhibits the proliferation of porcine ovarian GCs by increasing ASB9 level.

Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 9 protects cells against UV-B-provoked apoptosis via NF-κB/p65 activation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC),a type of non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC),is the most common malignancy worldwide.Thioredoxin(TXN)domain-containing protein 9(TXNDC9)is a member of the TXN family that is important in cell differentiation.However,the biological function of this protein in cancer,particularly cSCC,is still unknown.In the present study,our experiments revealed the protective effects of TXNDC9 on UV-B-irritated cSCC cells.The initial findings showed that TXNDC9 is significantly upregulated in cSCC tissue and cells compared to normal skin tissue and keratinocytes.UV-B radiation robustly induces the expression of TXNDC9,and UV-B-induced cSCC cell death is boosted by TXNDC9 deficiency.Moreover,cSCC cells lacking TXNDC9 displayed attenuated activation of the NF-κB pathway.Additional studies by inhibiting TXNDC9 confirmed this finding,as TXNDC9 deficiency attenuated UV-B radiation-induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of cSCC.In conclusion,our work demonstrates the biological roles of TXNDC9 in cSCC progression and may provide a novel therapeutic target to treat cSCC in the future.

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血中可溶性程序性死亡配体-1、趋化因子配体9、基质金属蛋白酶9水平与预后生存的关系

目的 观察非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血可溶性程序性死亡配体-1(sPD-L1)、趋化因子配体9(CXCL9)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的表达水平与临床特征及预后生存的相关性。方法 我院收治的98例NSCLC患者(研究组),选取同期肺部良性病变患者50例(对照1组)、健康志愿者50例(对照2组),比较三组外周血sPD-L1、CXCL9、MMP-9表达水平。随访研究组治疗后1年的预后生存情况,分为生存组与病死组,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析sPD-L1、CXCL9及MMP-9对预后生存的预测价值。结果 研究组外周血sPD-L1、CXCL9、MMP-9水平较对照1组、对照2组高,对照1组较对照2组高(P<0.05);TNM分期为Ⅱ期患者CXCL9、MMP-9表达水平较Ⅰ期高,发生淋巴结转移患者sPD-L1、MMP-9表达水平较未发生淋巴结转移高(P<0.05);NSCLC患者TNM分期与CXCL9、MMP-9水平成正相关,淋巴结转移与sPD-L1、MMP-9水平成正相关(P<0.05);sPD-L1、CXCL9、MMP-9预测NSCLC患者预后的最佳截断值分别为1.915 ng/ml、1.980 ng/ml、179.030μg/L,且三项指标联合预测NSCLC患者预后生存情况的AUC及特异性均高于单一指标预测(P<0.05)。结论 NSCLC患者外周血sPD-L1、CXCL9、MMP-9表达水平上调,且与临床分期、淋巴结转移相关,三者联合对NSCLC患者预后有较高预测价值。

Caspase-9和CMYC在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及与患者病理特征和预后的关系

目的探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)和细胞性骨髓细胞瘤病病毒癌基因(CMYC)在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)组织中的表达及其与患者病理特征和预后的关系。方法选取2017年2月至2020年2月周口市中心医院收治的60例DLBCL患者纳入研究,比较DLBCL肿瘤组织及病灶旁正常组织的Caspase-9、CMYC表达水平,分析Caspase-9、CMYC表达与临床病理特征的关系,比较预后良好和预后不良患者的临床病理特征、Caspase-9、CMYC表达水平,采用二元Logistic回归分析DLBCL患者预后不良的影响因素。结果DLBCL患者肿瘤组织中Caspase-9阳性率为43.33%,明显低于正常组织的80.56%,CMYC阳性率为36.67%,明显高于正常组织的13.88%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ann Arbor分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、国际预后指数(IPI)评分0~2分患者DLBCL肿瘤组织Caspase-9阳性率明显高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期和3~4分患者,CMYC阳性率低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、3~4分患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良患者Ann Arbor分期中Ⅲ~Ⅳ期占比、IPI评分中3~4分占比、CMYC阳性表达占比分别为73.08%、65.38%、69.23%,均高于预后良好组的35.29%、32.35%、11.76%,Caspase-9阳性表达占比为23.08%,低于预后良好组的58.82%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ann Arbor分期、IPI评分、Caspase-9、CMYC均为影响DLBCL患者预后不良的独立影响因素(P<0.05),其中Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期预后不良风险是Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的9.008倍;IPI评分3~4分预后不良风险是0~2分的10.298倍;Caspase-9表达阳性预后不良风险是阴性的0.622倍;CMYC表达阳性预后不良风险是阴性的19.922倍。结论Caspase-9、CMYC异常表达参与DLBCL的进展,与肿瘤恶性程度有关,且Caspase-9、CMYC异常表达是DLBCL预后不良的独立影响因素,对DLBCL预后具有一定的预测价值,可作为预测DLBCL患者预后的参考指标。

血清MMP-9、ProGRP及内皮素的水平与非小细胞肺癌分期的相关性分析

目的探究非小细胞肺癌患者中血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、血清胃泌素释放肽前体(ProGRP)与肿瘤分期的相关性。方法选取非小细胞肺癌患者70例作为观察组,以同期健康体检者70例作为对照组,比较两组患者血清中MMP-9、ProGRP及内皮素水平,并采用ROC曲线分析上述指标的临床诊断价值。结果观察组患者MMP-9、ProGRP以及内皮素表达水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),MMP-9、ProGRP以及内皮素阳性表达率男性患者和Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者显著高于女性患者和Ⅰ、Ⅱ期者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MMP-9、ProGRP以及内皮素与肿瘤分期均具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论MMP-9、ProGRP以及内皮素均可作为非小细胞肺癌的检测指标,且其表达水平与肿瘤分期存在相关性,为临床诊断提供依据。

红景天对急性呼吸窘迫综合征小鼠肺内皮细胞BMP9表达的影响

目的探讨红景天对肺血管通透性和骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)表达的影响。方法将90只C57BL/6小鼠按照随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组和红景天低、中、高剂量组,每组18只。采用盲肠结扎穿孔法造模,假手术组开腹后关腹,红景天低、中、高剂量组分别用40、80、160 mg/kg红景天灌胃5 d,假手术组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水。处死后,计算各组小鼠肺湿/干重比值,利用伊文思蓝染色法检测肺内皮细胞的渗透性,对小鼠肺组织进行免疫组化、Western blot法检测BMP9表达水平。使用脂多糖(LPS)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)形成内皮细胞炎性损伤模型,用CCK-8法检测细胞活性,筛选出合适的红景天给药浓度。将细胞分为对照组(无LPS诱导)、LPS组和25、50、100μg/mL红景天组,应用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测BMP9表达情况。结果与模型组比较,红景天低、中、高剂量组小鼠肺湿/干重比值[(7.42±0.25)、(6.75±0.25)、(5.93±0.27)比(8.39±0.39),P<0.01]和肺内皮细胞的渗透性[(620.73±0.36)%、(469.26±0.39)%、(179.20±0.36)%比(706.86±0.37)%,P<0.05或P<0.01]均显著降低,且与红景天剂量呈正相关。Western blot和免疫组化检测发现,与假手术组比较,模型组BMP9表达明显减少;而红景天低、中、高剂量组BMP9表达较模型组增加,且与剂量呈正相关。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与对照组比较,LPS组HUVEC中BMP9 mRNA相对表达量显著下降[(0.18±0.08)比(1.00±0.11),P<0.01];与LPS组比较,红景天给药组BMP9 mRNA相对表达量随给药浓度增加而增加[(0.39±0.09)、(0.52±0.10)、(0.78±0.09)比(0.18±0.08),P<0.05或P<0.01],但均低于对照组。Western blot检测细胞BMP9蛋白表达发现,LPS诱导细胞炎性反应可以导致BMP9表达明显下降,红景天给药组的BMP9表达量均高于LPS组,且与剂量相关。结论红景天减轻了急性呼吸窘迫综合征小鼠肺损伤并在体外缓解了LPS诱导的内皮损伤,其肺血管保护作用可能与增加BMP9表达有关。

多西他赛联合PD-1抑制剂对晚期非小细胞肺癌预后及血清MMP-9、TIMP-1水平的影响

目的探讨多西他赛联合程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)抑制剂对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)预后及血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)水平的影响。方法将90例晚期NSCLC患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组45例。对照组给予多西他赛和顺铂治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上给予PD-1治疗,3周为1个治疗周期,共治疗6个周期。比较2组治疗后客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、无进展生存期(PFS)、总生存期(OS),观察2组治疗期间不良反应发生情况及治疗前后血清MMP-9、TIMP-1水平的变化。结果研究组治疗后DCR、PFS、OS显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗期间2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组治疗后血清MMP-9、TIMP-1水平较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),且研究组降低较对照组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论多西他赛联合PD-1抑制剂对晚期NSCLC具有较好的疗效和预后,能够降低血清MMP-9、TIMP-1水平,降低肺癌细胞侵袭转移的能力,安全性良好。

食管鳞癌中Versican、NF-κB和MMP-9的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的:观察食管鳞癌组织中多功能蛋白聚糖(Versican)、核因子-κB(Nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(Matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)蛋白及mRNA的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化及原位杂交方法检测47例食管鳞癌组织及癌旁正常食管黏膜组织中Versican、NF-κB和MMP-9蛋白及mRNA的表达情况,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系及三者的相关性。结果:食管鳞癌组织中Versican、NFκB和MMP-9蛋白及mRNA表达的阳性率均明显高于癌旁正常食管黏膜组织中的表达(P<0.05);食管鳞癌组织中Versican、NF-κB和MMP-9蛋白及mRNA的高表达与浸润深度越深、淋巴结有转移、TNM分期越晚均有关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄、组织分级均无关;食管鳞癌组织中,Versican、NF-κB和MMP-9三者在蛋白及mRNA水平的表达均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:Versican、NF-κB和MMP-9在食管鳞癌中的高表达与肿瘤的生成、浸润及转移密切相关,并且三者具有相关性,为我们进一步探索食管鳞癌浸润转移的潜在机制奠定了基础。

DUSP2 deletion with CRISPR/Cas9 promotes Mauthner cell axonal regeneration at the early stage of zebrafish

Axon regeneration of central neurons is a complex process that is tightly regulated by multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors.The expression levels of distinct genes are changed after central neural system(CNS)injury and affect axon regeneration.A previous study identified dusp2 as an upregulated gene in zebrafish with spinal cord injury.Here,we found that dual specificity phosphatase 2(DUSP2)is a negative regulator of axon regeneration of the Mauthner cell(M-cell).DUSP2 is a phosphatase that mediates the dephosphorylation of JNK.In this study,we knocked out dusp2 by CRISPR/Cas9 and found that M-cell axons of dusp2(-/-)zebrafish had a better regeneration at the early stage after birth(within 8 days after birth),while those of dusp2^(+/-)zebrafish did not.Overexpression of DUSP2 in Tg(Tol 056)zebrafish by single-cell electroporation retarded the regeneration of M-cell axons.Western blotting results showed that DUSP2 knockout slightly increased the levels of phosphorylated JNK.These findings suggest that knocking out DUSP2 promoted the regeneration of zebrafish M-cell axons,possibly through enhancing JNK phosphorylation.

Propofol inhibits the adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulating microRNA-199a and downregulating MMP-9 expression

BACKGROUND: Propofol is one of the extensively and commonly used intravenous anesthetics and has the ability to influence the proliferation, motility, and invasiveness of many cancer cells. In this study, the effects of propofol on hepatocellular carcinoma cells invasion ability were examined. METHODS: We assessed the invasion ability of HepG2 cells in vitro by determining enzyme activity and protein expression of MMP-9 using gelatin zymography assay and Western blot. The real-time PCR was used to evaluate the effect of propofol on microRNA-199a (miR-199a) expression, and miR-199a-2 precursor to evaluate whether over-expression of miR-199a can affect MMP-9 expression. Finally, the effect of miR-199a on propofol-induced anti-tumor activity using anti-miR-199a was assessed. RESULTS: Propofol significantly elevated the expression of miR-199a and inhibited the invasiveness of HepG2 cells. Propofol also efficiently decreased enzyme activity and protein expression of MMP-9. Moreover, the over-expression of miR-199a decreased MMP-9 protein level. Interestingly, the neutralization of miR-199a by anti-miR-199a antibody reversed the effect of propofol on alleviation of tumor invasiveness and inhibition of MMP-9 activity in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION: Propofol decreases hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasiveness, which is partly due to the down-regulation of MMP-9 expression by miR-199a.

Role and recruitment of Th9 cells in liver cirrhosis patients

Objective:To investigate the role of T helper 9(Th9) cells in liver cirrhosis(LC) patients and whether chemokine receptor type 6(CCR6)/chemokine ligand 20(CCL20) axis is involving in the recruitment of Th9 cells into liver.Methods:Peripheral blood and liver tissue from 30 LC patients and 18 normal controls were recruited.The frequency of Th9 cells and CCR4,CCR6 in the peripheral blood was tested by flow cytometry.Serum interleukin(IL)-9 and CCL20 levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect a-smooth muscle actin,CCR6 and CCL20 expression in liver tissue.Results:The frequency of Th9 cells in LC patients was significantly increased compared with controls(P < 0.05).The serum IL-9 level and CCL20 level increased markedly in LC patients compared with controls(P < 0.05),and IL-9 was positively correlated to Th9 cells and CCL20.Furthermore,the frequency of Th9 cells was correlated to prothrombin time,total bilirubin level,hyaluronic acid and type IV collagen in LC patients.We also found that Th9 cells in LC patients expressed higher frequency of CCR4+,CCR6+(P < 0.05).Compared with normal controls,the expression of CCR6 and CCL20 in LC tissue were significantly elevated(P < 0.05).The expression of a-smooth muscle actin was correlated to the CCR6 and CCL20 in liver tissue of LC patients.Conclusions:This study suggests that Th9 cells may participate in the pathogenesis of LC,and the recruitment of Th9 cells into liver tissue might be through CCL20/CCR6 axis.

Expression of Toll-like Receptor 9 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Different Hepatitis B and C Viral Loads

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of toll-like receptors （TLR） 9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） of patients with chronic hepatitis B and C with different virus copies. The study group included 90 patients （60 with chronic hepatitis B, and 30 with chronic hepatitis C）, and 20 healthy people served as control group. The protein and mRNA levels of TLR9 were detected by using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. The serum viral copies of HBV and HCV were measured in all patients, and the correlation between HBV-DNA copies or HCV-RNA copies and the TLR9 expression was analyzed. Our results demonstrated that HBV or HCV infection led to a decreased expression of TLR9 mRNA and protein compared to the control group （P〈0.05）. The TLR9 protein and mRNA levels were negatively correlated with serum viral copies of HBV and HCV （r=-0.632, r=-0.909, P〈0.01）. It was concluded that TLR9 mRNA and protein are down-regulated in PBMC of HBV-infected or HCV-infected patients, and they are negatively correlated with serum viral copies and play an important role in detecting viral replication of HBV and HCV.

Micro RNA-9 promotes the neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating autophagy

MicroRNA-9 （miR-9） has been shown to promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesen-chymal stem cells into neuronal cells, but the precise mechanism is unclear. Our previous study conifrmed that increased autophagic activity improved the efifciency of neuronal differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Accumulating evidence reveals that miRNAs adjust the autophagic pathways. This study used miR-9-1 lentiviral vector and miR-9-1 inhibitor to modulate the expression level of miR-9. Autophagic activity and neuronal differentiation were measured by the number of light chain-3 （LC3）-positive dots, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3, and the expression levels of the neuronal markers enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2. Re-sults showed that LC3-positive dots, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3, and expression of neuron speciifc enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2 increased in the miR-9＋ group. The above results suggest that autophagic activity increased and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were prone to differentiate into neuronal cells when miR-9 was overexpressed, demonstrating that miR-9 can promote neuronal differentiation by increasing autophagic activity.

Parthenolide protects human lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via inhibition of activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9

The apoptosis of lens epithehal cells has been proposed as the common basis of cataract formation, with oxidative stress as the major cause. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of the herbal constituent parthenolide against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of human lens epithelial （HLE） cells and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. HLE cells （SRA01-04） were incubated with 50 μM H2O2 in the absence or presence of different doses of parthenolide （10, 20 and 50 μM）. To study apoptosis, the cells were assessed by morphologic examination and Annexin V-propidium iodide double staining flow cytometry; to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were assayed by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR, and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were measured by a Chemicon caspase colorimetric activity assay kit. Stimulated with H202 for 18 h, a high fraction of riLE cells underwent apoptosis, while in the presence ofparthenolide of different concentrations, dose-dependent blocking of HLE cell apoptosis was observed. The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 induced by H202 in HLE cells was significantly reduced by parthenolide both at the protein and mRNA levels, and the activation ofcaspase-3 and caspase-9 was also suppressed by parthenolide in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, parthenolide prevents HLE cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the activation ofcaspase-3 and caspase-9, suggesting a potential protective effect against cataract formation.

Trigonelline protects the cardiocyte from hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells

Objective:To elucidate the key parameters associated with hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and investigates the mechanism of trigonelline(TG)for reducing the H_2O_2induced toxicity in H9c2 cells.Methods:Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of TG was assessed by EZ-CYTOX kit.RNA extraction and cDNA synthesized according to the kit manufacture protocol.Apoptosis was measured by the Flowcytometry,general PCR and qPCR.Results:It was found that the TG significantly rescued the morphology of the H9c2 cells.Treatment of cells with TG attenuated H_2O_2 induced cell deaths and improved the antioxidant activity.In addition,TG regulated the apoptotic gene caspase-3,caspase-9 and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2.Bcl-XL during H_2O_2 induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells.These results were comparable with quercetin treatment.For evident,flow cytometer results also confirmed the TG significantly reduced the H_2O_2 induced necrosis and apoptosis in H9c2 cells.However,further increment of TG concentration against H_2O_2 could induce the necrosis and apoptosis along with H_2O_2.Conclusions:It is suggested that less than 125μM of TG could protect the cells from H_2O_2 induced cell damage by down regulating the caspases and up regulating the Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression.Therefore,we suggest the trigonelline could be useful for treatment of oxidative stress mediated cardiovascular diseases in future.

NEDD9 promotes cancer stemness by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells via CXCL8 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide.Cancer stem cells(CSCs)may cause tumor initiation,metastasis,and recurrence and are also responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),in contrast,are known to be involved in mediating immunosuppression.Here,we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of interaction of CSCs and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment.Methods:ESCC tissues and cell lines were evaluated.Neural precursor cell expressed,developmentally downregulated 9(NEDD9)was knocked down and overexpressed by lentiviral transfection.Quantitative PCR,Western blot,immunohistochemistry,cell invasion,flow cytometry,cell sorting,multiplex chemokine profiling,and tumor growth analyses were performed.Results:Microarray analysis revealed 10 upregulated genes in esophageal CSCs.Only NEDD9 was upregulated in CSCs using the sphere-forming method.NEDD9 expression was correlated with tumor invasion(P=0.0218),differentiation(P=0.0153),and poor prognosis(P=0.0373).Additionally,NEDD9 was required to maintain the stem-like phenotype.Screening of chemokine expression in ESCC cells with NEDD9 overexpression and knockdown showed that NEDD9 regulated C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8)expression via the ERK pathway.CXCL8 mediated the recruitment of MDSCs induced by NEDD9 in vitro and in vivo.MDSCs promoted the stemness of ESCC cells through NEDD9 via the Notch pathway.Conclusions:As a marker of ESCC,NEDD9 maintained the stemness of ESCC cells and regulated CXCL8 through the ERK pathway to recruit MDSCs into the tumor,suggesting NEDD9 as a therapeutic target and novel prognostic marker for ESCC.