Influence of introducing Zr,Ti,Nb and Ce elements on externally solidified crystals and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-casting Al–Si alloy

High pressure die casting(HPDC)AlSi10Mn Mg alloy castings are widely used in the automobile industry.Mg can optimize the mechanical properties of castings through heat treatment,while the release of thermal stress arouses the deformation of large integrated die-castings.Herein,the development of non-heat treatment Al alloys is becoming the hot topic.In addition,HPDC contains externally solidified crystals(ESCs),which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of castings.To achieve high strength and toughness of non-heat treatment die-casting Al-Si alloy,we used AlSi9Mn alloy as matrix with the introduction of Zr,Ti,Nb,and Ce.Their influences on ESCs and mechanical properties were systematically investigated through three-dimensional reconstruction and thermodynamic simulation.Our results reveal that the addition of Ti increased ESCs'size and porosity,while the introduction of Nb refined ESCs and decreased porosity.Meanwhile,large-sized Al_3(Zr,Ti)phases formed and degraded the mechanical properties.Subsequent introduction of Ce resulted in the poisoning effect and reduced mechanical properties.

Experimental Study on Engineering Behavior of Solidified Soil for Scour Repair and Protection

A new scour countermeasure using solidified slurry for offshore foundation has been proposed recently.Fluidized solidified slurry is pumped to seabed area around foundation for scour protection or pumped into the developed scour holes for scour repair as the fluidized material solidifies gradually.In the pumping operation and solidification,the engineering behaviors of solidified slurry require to be considered synthetically for the reliable application in scour repair and protection of ocean engineering such as the pumpability related flow value,flow diffusion behavior related rheological property,anti-scour performance related retention rate in solidification and bearing capacity related strength property after solidification.In this study,a series of laboratory tests are conducted to investigate the effects of mix proportion(initial water content and binder content)on the flow value,rheological properties,density,retention rate of solidified slurry and unconfined compressive strength(UCS).The results reveal that the flow value increases with the water content and decreases with the binder amount.All the solidified slurry exhibits Bingham plastic behavior when the shear rate is larger than 5 s^(-1).The Bingham model has been employed to fit the rheology test results,and empirical formulas for obtaining the density,yield stress and viscosity are established,providing scientific support for the numerical assessment of flow and diffusion of solidified slurry.Retention rate of solidified slurry decreases with the water flow velocity and flow value,which means the pumpability of solidified slurry is contrary to anti-scour performance.The unconfined compressive strength after solidification reduces as the water content increases and binder content decreases.A design and application procedure of solidified soil for scour repair and protection is also proposed for engineering reference.

Effect of slow shot speed on externally solidified crystal,porosity and tensile property in a newly developed high-pressure die-cast Al-Si alloy

The effect of slow shot speed on externally solidified crystal(ESC),porosity and tensile property in a newly developed high-pressure die-cast Al-Si alloy was investigated by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and laboratory computed tomography(CT).Results showed that the newly developed AlSi9MnMoV alloy exhibited improved mechanical properties when compared to the AlSi10MnMg alloy.The AlSi9MnMoV alloy,which was designed with trace multicomponent additions,displays a notable grain refining effect in comparison to the AlSi10MnMg alloy.Refining elements Ti,Zr,V,Nb,B promote heterogeneous nucleation and reduce the grain size of primaryα-Al.At a lower slow shot speed,the large ESCs are easier to form and gather,developing into the dendrite net and net-shrinkage.With an increase in slow shot speed,the size and number of ESCs and porosities significantly reduce.In addition,the distribution of ESCs is more dispersed and the net-shrinkage disappears.The tensile property is greatly improved by adopting a higher slow shot speed.The ultimate tensile strength is enhanced from 260.31 MPa to 290.31 MPa(increased by 11.52%),and the elongation is enhanced from 3.72%to 6.34%(increased by 70.52%).

Mechanical properties and damage characteristics of solidified body-coal combination in continuous driving and gangue backfilling

Recovery of the coal buried under buildings,railways and water bodies and the residual coal in irregularly arranged fully mechanized mining faces is a common engineering problem facing underground coal mining.In this study,a mining technology of continuous driving and gangue backfilling(CDGB)was proposed.The technology,which can not only alleviate ground subsidence and gangue discharge,but also release the above-mentioned coals,contributes to green and efficient sustainable development of mining.The stability of the system of the solidified body-reserved coal pillar combination(S-C combination)is crucial to the CDGB technology.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the mechanical and damage characteristics of S-C combination in the synergistic bearing process.First,four sets of differentshaped S-C combination specimens were fabricated and a S-C combination bearing structure in CDGB was constructed to explore the differences in mechanical characteristics and damage modes of different-shaped S-C combination specimens during CDGB.Subsequently,their surface strain field evolutions and acoustic emission(AE)response characteristics in the load-bearing process were obtained with the aid of the digital image correlation technique and the AE signal monitoring system.Furthermore,a damage evolution model based on AE parameters and mechanical parameters was established to clarify the damage evolution law.The following results were obtained:(1)The free area of S-C combination can serve as a quantitative index to evaluate the stability of the overburden control system;(2)The concept of critical value k of the free area was first proposed.When the free area exceeds the critical value k(free area ratio greater than 1.13),the deformation resistance and the free area changes becomes negatively correlated;(3)As the free area expands,the failure of the S-C combination specimen evolves from tensile failure to shear failure.The distribution characteristics of the axial strain field also verified such a change in the failure mode;(4)When the free area expands,the peak AE count gradually changes from“double peaks”to“a single peak”.In this process,the expansion of free area shortens the time for accumulating and releasing energy during loading.Micro cracks generated in the specimen change from a phased steep growth to a continuous increase,and the process in which micro cracks develop,converge,intersect and connect to form macro cracks accelerates.The damage evolution law concluded based on AE parameters and mechanical parameters can well characterize the damage evolution process of S-C combination,providing certain reference for the study on the synergistic bearing of S-C combination during CDGB.

Ferro-vanadium Slag in Improving Inner Chloride Solidification Rate of Cement Materials

We investigated the effects of ferro-vanadium slag(FVS)as a supplemental cementing material which can dissolve a large amount of active aluminum phases without excessive pretreatment or excitation to enhance the inner chloride solidified rate(CSR)of cement-based materials.Cement-FVS pastes with 0-30%content of FVS was designed,and the CSR was examined.Hydrates at different curing ages were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA);hydration heat and^(29)Si nuclear magnetic resonance(^(29)Si-NMR)were tested to analyze the hydration degree of the system;mechanical properties in cement-FVS system were evaluated by compressive strength test,pore structure and the fractal regression.Results revealed that the incorporation of FVS could greatly promote the CSR of cement-FVS system.Compared with the control groups,30%dosage of FVS could increase the CSR by 69%at 3 d,47%at 7d,36%at 28 d and 34%at 60 d.It was demonstrated that the incorporation of FVS could enhance the chemical solidifying ability of chloride,and the main reason was the promoted generation of Kuzel’s salt and the Friedel’s salt in hydrate products,and the enhanced chloride migration resistance capacity by increasing the volume of gel pores in the cement-FVS system.Considering the influence of FVS on strength performance,this paper suggested that the suitable dosage of FVS as a supplemental cementing material was around 10%.The study in this paper might provide one efficient path to promote the chloride solidifying capacity of cement-based material and meanwhile the comprehensive utilization of FVS.

Mechanical properties of foamed polyurethane solidified ballasted track

Foamed Polyurethane Solidified Ballasted Track(FPSBT),an innovative railway track,is formed by solidifying ballast bed with foamed polyurethane.Compared with the traditional Discrete Ballasted Track(DBT),FPSBT does not require regular maintenance such as tamping and cleaning.However,limited studies exist on the mechanical properties of FPSBT.In this study,Laboratory experiments are conducted on polyurethane samples to investigate the effects of polyurethane density on the mechanical properties of FPSBT.Furthermore,the performance of DBT and FPSBT with different polyurethane densities are compared,and the recommended polyurethane density is obtained.FPSBT exhibited negligible accumulation of deformation under cyclic loads,indicating excellent performance of FPSBT owing to the anti-deformation properties of polyurethane.Further,a track load vehicle test is conducted.FPSBT exhibited better load-transmitting ability than DBT.Finally,the construction and application of FPSBT in China are introduced.This study is expected to contribute to realizing a more extensive application of FPSBT.

防治煤自燃的高堆积固化泡沫的制备及应用

漏风是引发矿井煤自燃的重要原因,而煤自燃火灾影响了矿井的正常生产。为解决传统无机固化泡沫(TISF)在充填堵漏过程中存在胶凝时间长、堆积能力弱的问题,提出经液态硅酸钠(LSS)改性制备的速凝无机固化泡沫(RISF)。研究了不同掺量的LSS对泡沫浆液胶凝时间、堆积能力等性能的影响规律,采用抗压强度、稳定性测试等表征手段,确定了LSS的最优添加量为5%(质量分数),RISF的28 d抗压强度达2.49 MPa,是TISF的1.7倍,最大密度比R为1.11,稳定性提升20%左右;胶凝时间和堆积能力的测试结果表明,与TISF相比,RISF的凝结时间大幅缩短(从683 s缩短到52 s),堆积能力提升(最大堆积高度提高1.9倍)。基于此,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对RISF的速凝固化机理进行了探究。试验结果表明,RISF具有更多的水化产物且不同的水化产物紧密交织,颗粒水化过程中,LSS水解生成原硅酸根与溶液中的钙离子结合,加快水化反应,缩短了泡沫浆液的胶凝时间。但也发现,当LSS添加量超过5%时,RISF的抗压强度降低,稳定性下降,这主要是因为过量的LSS使溶液中的钙硅比例低于1.0,导致生成了低强度的水化产物。堵漏风试验和灭火试验结果表明,与TISF相比,RISF具有较高的堵漏效率和优良的防灭火性能,堵漏效率最高提升26.3%,并且在扑灭煤火时未出现复燃。RISF在利民煤矿矸石山的现场应用表明,其具有良好的降温灭火效果,有效解决了矸石山的高温难题,确保了矿井的正常生产。

生物酶辅助氧化镁碳化过程砂土加固试验研究

基于微生物或酶诱导碳酸盐沉积(即MICP和EICP)过程的固土技术具备固化强度高、环境友好等特点,但是目前也存在处理效率低、耗时长等局限。为克服这些局限,研究一种新型高效的生物固土技术,即基于植物脲酶辅助氧化镁碳化(酶辅助碳化)过程的固土法,探索其处理方法、效果和作用机理,并与单纯的氧化镁碳化、EICP和水泥等方法进行比较。结果表明,采用酶辅助碳化加固法时,一遍处理强度可达0.92 MPa,且试样的强度显著高于单纯氧化镁处理(0.30 MPa)、EICP处理(0.28 MPa)和水泥处理(0.69 MPa)。酶辅助碳化加固法处理试样的制备方式对强度影响较大。与注入法相比,采用拌和法处理的试样强度高了3倍。此外,添加少量脱脂奶粉后,酶辅助碳化加固法处理试样的强度进一步提升了约70%,达到1.30 MPa。通过微观结构和矿物成分分析发现,酶辅助碳化处理后,固化物填满了砂颗粒之间的孔隙,将砂颗粒结合在一起,形成稳定网格空间结构,与不添加脲酶的试样相比,其中的水合碳酸镁混合物含量较高,中间产物水镁石含量较低。

氧化钙改性赤泥固化黄土的电阻率特性及机理

【目的】研究CaO改性赤泥固化黄土的电阻率特性。【方法】对不同CaO和赤泥掺量以及养护龄期条件下的电阻率进行测试,分析了电阻率的变化趋势。另外,测试了不同条件下试样的XRD、SEM、EDS和孔隙度、孔喉分布率,通过分析微观指标的差异揭示了电阻率的变化机理。【结果】研究结果表明:随着CaO和赤泥的增加,电阻率呈现降低的趋势;与水泥固化土相比,CaO改性赤泥固化土孔隙水中的导电离子在离子种类和离子浓度两方面都有所增加,这导致孔隙水的导电性增加;而CaO改性赤泥固化土的孔隙度和孔喉分布率差别不大,所以试块内部的导电通路差别不大。随着养护龄期的增加,电阻率整体呈现出对数增长的趋势;水泥固化土中的导电离子因参与反应逐渐减少;CaO改性赤泥固化土中过量的CaO未参与反应,导致孔隙水中的导电离子持续存在,因此养护龄期大于28 d时孔隙水的导电性降低幅度有限;另外,由于固化土的孔隙度和孔喉分布率均有所增加,且试块处于非饱和状态,故其内部断路增多导致导电通路减少,致使电阻率随着龄期的增加而变大。

地聚物固化黄土力学性能及边坡稳定性研究

研究以中国西北地区近年来黄土路基滑坡为背景.通过击实试验和直剪试验,测得不同地聚物掺量下固化土的试验数据,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对钢渣-粉煤灰地聚物固化土进行微观结构分析,同时结合pF-Meter仪器测定不同地聚物掺量下固化土的基质吸力与体积含水率.后基于强度折减法,将试验数据代入COMSOL Multiphysics中,通过饱和-非饱和理论的Richards方程,建立固化黄土路基边坡有限元模型.分析降雨前后路基层中地聚物掺入量和坡比对路基边坡的整体稳定性的影响.结果表明:当固化土中地聚物掺入量为25%时,内摩擦角为31.2°,内摩擦角增幅相比于重塑黄土提高了62.5%.随着地聚物掺入量的增加,黏聚力呈现出先升后降的趋势,当地聚物掺入量为20%时达到最高峰,为81.09 kPa,相比于重塑黄土提高了75.86%.路基边坡的稳定性随着地聚物掺入量的增加先上升后下降,随着坡比减小而上升.在特定条件下,边坡稳定性会随着降雨时间的延长而降低,随着降雨强度的增大而减小.

减水剂对固化土强度影响的研究

为了探究聚羧酸、木质磺酸钙(木钙)两种减水剂对固化土强度的影响规律,在不同养护龄期下,对添加不同掺量减水剂的固化土开展了一系列无侧限抗压强度试验,从水化产物角度阐述了固化土强度随两种减水剂掺量的演变机理。试验结果表明:掺有两种减水剂的固化土强度均随着龄期的增加而增加,前期强度增长速度快,后期强度增长缓慢。固化土的强度随着聚羧酸掺量的增加呈现先增加后缓慢减小的趋势,当聚羧酸掺量为0.4%时,固化土强度达到最大值;固化土的强度随木钙掺量的增加逐渐减小,木钙减水剂提升强度的效果弱于聚羧酸减水剂。

生物矿化固沙长效性分析

荒漠化土地大量分布是沙尘天气频发的根源之一。为有效防沙固沙,需要解决两个关键难题,一是把沙尘固定住,防止沙尘飞起;二是长效固沙,提高固沙的长效性。生物矿化方法是解决长效固沙的一种创新技术。通过室内试验和现场验证,证明生物矿化技术实现长效固沙的可行性和适用性。研究包括脲酶活性试验、钙化试验、固沙风蚀试验等,分析了脲酶活性、胶凝液浓度、pH值、灌注次数、灌注量、温度对生物矿化固沙效果的影响,在此基础上提出了生物矿化-植物-栅栏的联合固沙技术体系,并通过生物矿化固沙风洞试验和现场工程固沙效果进行验证分析,验证表明了联合固沙技术体系的固沙长效性。现场晴天进行生物矿化作业的固沙效果最好,更有利于长效固沙。

淤泥固化土动力特性及在直立护岸抗震分析中的应用

以大连临空产业园填海造地项目为背景,开展淤泥固化土动力特性试验研究。运用FLAC^(3D)有限元软件对不同地基处理方案的直立沉箱护岸在地震作用下进行动力响应模拟。从加速度响应、孔压与有效应力、残余变形等方面定量评价直立沉箱护岸结构的抗震安全性。动力特性试验结果表明:阻尼比与剪切应变和固化剂掺量呈正相关,且围压越高,阻尼越小。数值分析结果表明:在地震作用下,不同的地基条件下加速度放大系数呈现出不同的峰值;沉箱下方砂土层不液化;淤泥固化土地基上沉箱的残余变形小于原状淤泥地基且高水位能减小残余变形,提高沉箱的安全性。研究成果可为类似港口工程抗震设计提供参考。

煤矿采动影响体微生物采残煤与CO_(2)-粉煤灰协同充填关键技术

煤矿采空区是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要突破口,煤炭开采形成的、能够富集煤层气、为后期微生物活动和矿化充填提供底物和空间的地质体定义为采动影响体。以采动影响体为研究对象,提出了采动影响体微生物采残煤与CO_(2)-粉煤灰协同矿化充填关键技术,并从必要性和可行性2个方面阐述了该技术在采动影响体资源二次开发、CO_(2)安全封存以及燃煤电厂粉煤灰固废高效处置等的广阔前景。其总体思路是将采动影响体作为一个厌氧发酵“工厂”,高产高效产甲烷菌群作为“劳动者”对“工厂”已有的原材料——残煤、薄煤层和分散有机质以及注入的CO_(2)进行加工,其“产品”是甲烷,进而实现微生物采残煤和CO_(2)资源化。同时,CO_(2)与碱性的粉煤灰结合,在实现了CO_(2)矿化封存的同时,也实现了采动影响体的充填。该技术涉及的关键科学问题包括采动影响体类型划分与有机质特征、采动影响体原位条件下厌氧发酵产甲烷机制、微生物-CO_(2)-粉煤灰协同矿化/固化机制以及微生物采残煤与充填关键技术示范工程建设。实验室物理模拟采动影响体原位条件实验表明其中残煤和富含有机质的泥页岩能够在微生物作用下生成生物甲烷,且添加少量的粉煤灰能够进一步强化甲烷的产出。物理模拟地下水补给的动态实验表明营养物质的补给对厌氧发酵系统的影响尤为重要,补给循环周期为14 d的厌氧发酵系统恰与产甲烷菌群繁殖的周期一致,能够保证厌氧发酵系统的持续高效运行。高钙粉煤灰-CO_(2)-矿井水协同胶结的试件经过28 d的养护后抗压强度为12.31 MPa,其矿化封存潜力约为21.99 m3 CO_(2)/t(粉煤灰),说明粉煤灰在实现采空区固化的同时能够实现CO_(2)减排。此外,基于微生物采残煤与粉煤灰充填目的对工程试验靶区进行优选,地下水滞留区是CO_(2)矿化和粉煤灰充填的最佳场所,因采掘活动自然形成的自然圈闭和人工充填形成的圈闭是较有利的工程试验靶区之一。针对这些靶区提出了微生物采残煤与CO_(2)-粉煤灰协同充填关键技术,旨在为中国碳减排和采空区生态环境治理提供一条新的技术路径。

水泥固化土固化机理及抗冲刷特性

为了完善水泥固化土抗冲刷性能方面的研究,使水泥固化土在水下结构防护中得到应用,在砂土和黏土中分别掺入水泥和与液体固化剂,采用土体冲刷函数测定仪(EFA)对水泥固化土开展了抗冲刷性能试验。在分析砂土和黏土的固化作用机理基础上,研究了固化剂和固化时间对水泥固化土抗冲刷性能的影响。研究结果表明:水泥固化土的强度随固化时间的增长而增大,黏土的强度快速增长阶段要早于砂土;固化剂可以有效提高土体的起动切应力,同时可以大幅减小土体的冲刷速率,明显提高了土体的抗冲刷强度;起动切应力的增长速率随固化时间增长逐渐减缓,存在临界最大值。根据起动切应力的变化特征提出了水泥固化土起动切应力预测模型,经试验数据对比,该模型可以较好地预测水泥固化土的起动切应力随固化时间的变化规律。

复合型固化剂固化黏土强度试验研究

为研究固化剂-黏土的强度特性,养护7 d后,对不同水泥含量的固化土采用单轴无侧限压缩试验。试件处于干燥和泡水两种状态,测得黏土、固化剂掺入黏土、固化剂与水玻璃掺入黏土三种情况下试件单轴无侧限抗压强度。分析黏土名义黏聚力c′的演化特征。试验结果表明:其他条件不变,随着水泥含量的增大,试件强度先减小后增大,当水泥含量(质量分数)为7%时,试件强度最低;加入固化剂后的泡水试件强度随着水泥含量的增大而增大;加入固化剂能显著提高试件的抗压强度;加入固化剂和水玻璃,试件强度与单独加入固化剂相差不大;名义黏聚力c′与无侧限单轴抗压强度变化规律一致。

土工合成材料约束碎石桩承载特性数值分析

工程实践中碎石桩常因缺乏足够的侧向约束力导致其应用效果不佳,复合地基沉降难以得到有效控制。为解决普通碎石桩应用效果不佳的问题,基于ABAQUS有限元数值软件建立土工合成材料约束桩复合地基模型,研究不同桩体长径比、桩体模量、土工合成材料强度等因素对承载特性的影响。结果表明,土工合成材料可以有效地为碎石桩提供侧向约束并提高复合地基承载力。研究结果有助于深入认识土工合成材料约束桩加固地基机理,为相关工程施工提供参考。

内地高校铸牢中华民族共同体意识教育的三重逻辑

铸牢中华民族共同体意识教育已上升为国家法律层面的要求,内地高校作为教育的重要阵地,要从理论逻辑、历史逻辑和实践逻辑三个维度理解和践行开展铸牢中华民族共同体意识教育的重要性和必要性:要从中华民族共同体意识的理论高度提升教育使命感;要从中华民族共同体意识的历史地位增强教育自觉度;要从中华民族共同体意识的实践需求提高教育实效性。

预拌流态固化土的工程特性研究进展及应用

工程建设过程中废弃物堆积问题促使固化技术产生及发展,固体废弃材料制备成流态固化土得到二次利用。预拌流态固化土是具有高强度、低渗透性、高流动性、造价低廉的新型环保材料,在各种回填工程、桩基处理、路基工程等广泛应用;同时,土壤固化技术还被广泛应用于沿江及滨海地区淤泥固化工程。本文从流态固化土的固化机理出发,总结了现有固化剂类型;从影响因素出发,分析了固化土无侧限抗压强度、抗剪强度、抗渗性及流动性等物理力学性质,为提高流态固化土性能提供参考;梳理了现阶段流态固化土的研究进展,并对固化土在实际工程中的应用进行总结,阐明了流态固化土在工程应用中的优点及存在的不足,为流态固化土在后续的工程中的推广提出了发展方向。

养护龄期和固化剂浓度对稀土矿山堆场土体固化效果的影响

为了探究复合土壤固化剂浓度和养护龄期对废弃稀土矿山堆场土体固化效果的影响,通过21组直剪实验,定量分析固化剂浓度(αw=2%、3%、4%、5%、6%)和养护龄期(t=3、7、14、28 d)对重塑土样抗剪强度以及剪切应力的影响规律。结果表明,随着固化剂浓度增大和养护龄期延长,土体黏聚力和内摩擦角均明显增大。当竖向压力为100 kPa、固化剂浓度为2%、3%、4%、5%、6%时,土样对应的峰值剪切应力分别为97.69、122.46、139.46、186.49、220.97 kPa。当固化剂浓度为6%、养护龄期为3、7、14、28 d时,土体的剪切应力峰值分别为158.24、189.29、210.61、220.97 kPa。当固化剂浓度为2%时,土样在剪切过程中剪切应力随着剪切位移增加而增大;当固化剂浓度为6%时,土样的剪切应力随剪切位移增加呈先增大再减小最后保持稳定的趋势。