两种取向Ni_(3)Al基单晶高温合金的组织和拉伸性能

为了研究晶体取向对Ni_(3)Al基单晶高温合金组织和力学性能的影响,采用扫描电镜和拉伸试验机研究了[001]和[111]两种取向合金的显微组织和拉伸性能.结果表明:经过热处理后,在单晶棒横截面内[001]取向合金γ′相为立方形,[111]取向合金γ′相为三角形或六角形;[001]和[111]取向合金存在屈服强度随温度升高而升高的反常屈服现象;[001]与[111]取向合金均呈现明显加工硬化现象,两种取向合金的屈服强度峰值范围分别为600~800℃与400~600℃;两种取向合金均表现为韧性断裂.

Kinetics and microstructural evolution during recrystallization of a Ni_3Al-based single crystal superalloy

The recrystallization kinetics and microstructural evolution of a Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy were presented, especially the different recrystallization behaviors between the dendrite arm and the interdendritic region. The single crystal alloy was deformed by grit blasting. A succeeding annealing under inert atmosphere at 1280 ℃ for different time led to the formation of recrystallized grains close to the grit blasting surface. It was found that the recrystallization depth and velocity in the dendrite arm were respectively deeper and faster than those in the interdendritic region where the Y-NiMo phase existed. The recrystallization process in the interdendritic region was significantly inhibited by the Y-NiMo precipitates. However, the pinning effect gradually weakened with the annealing time due to the dissolution of the Y-NiMo phase, and the recrystallization depth in the dendrite arm was deeper than that in the interdendritic region.

B元素对某Ni_(3)Al基高温合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响研究

由于Ni_(3)Al基高温合金具有抗蠕变强度大、耐腐蚀、抗氧化等优异的高温性能。作为多组元的金属间化合物,合金组分的变化会直接影响到Ni_(3)Al基高温合金的性能表现。为优化合金成分,获得最佳的合金性能,研究了晶界强化元素B含量变化对Ni_(3)Al基高温合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,合理控制B元素含量,能够增加合金的持久时间和塑性。当B元素含量在0.012%~0.021%时,合金在1100℃的拉伸性能和1050℃/100 MPa及1100℃/60 MPa的持久性能达到最佳。

壁厚对某Ni_(3)Al基高温合金铸件的微观组织及性能影响研究

通过设计不同壁厚薄板铸件,研究了不同壁厚对Ni_(3)Al基高温合金铸件组织和性能的影响。随着壁厚的增加,合金的二次枝晶臂随之增加。从元素分布上看,壁厚的增加会降低合金中Hf、Cr和Mo元素的偏析程度,促进Ti元素向枝晶间的偏析以及Al元素向枝晶干偏析,W元素的偏析程度则总体下降。从力学性能上看,壁厚增加会导致合金的拉伸强度和拉伸塑性显著增加。

Hf对Pt改性γ'-Ni_3Al单相磁控溅射层氧化行为的影响

γ'-Ni3Al高温合金表面溅射纳米晶涂层和铂改性γ+γ'涂层的成分、结构与基体相近,涂层脆性、相容性等改善明显,但有关改性层抗高温氧化性的研究有待深入。通过磁控溅射方法在γ'-Ni3Al基高温合金表面沉积Ni3(Al,Hf)纳米晶涂层,在溅射层表面电镀1.5μm的Pt,1 150℃扩散退火1 h,得到Pt+Hf改性的γ'-Ni3Al单相涂层,不含Hf的涂层中没有明显的浓度梯度,而含Hf涂层中则有明显的浓度梯度。通过场发射扫描电镜(EFG-SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)和能谱(EDX)分析了涂层的结构与成分,考察了Pt改性γ'-Ni3Al单相涂层在1 050℃下空气中的氧化行为。结果表明:不含Hf的涂层生成外层为NiAl2O4、内层为Al2O3的复合氧化膜,含Hf的涂层均生成单一的Al2O3膜,Hf促进了Al的选择性氧化。适当含量的Hf降低了Pt改性γ'-Ni3Al涂层的氧化速率,但是过高含量的Hf则使得涂层的氧化速率升高。

Microstructures and properties of transient liquid phase diffusion bonded joints of Ni_3Al-base superalloy

An investigation of transient liquid phase (TLP) diffusion bonding of a Ni 3Al base directionally solidified superalloy, IC6 alloy, was presented. The interlayer alloy employed was Ni Mo Cr B powder alloy. The results show that the microstructure of the TLP diffusion bonded joints is a combination of γ solid solution (or a γ+γ′ structure) and borides. With the bonding time increasing, the quantity of the borides both in bonding seam and adjacent zones is gradually reduced, and the joint stress rupture property is improved. The obtained stress rupture property of the TLP bonded joints is on a level with the transverse property of IC6 base materials. [

First-principles calculations for the elastic properties of Ni-base model superalloys: Ni/Ni_3Al multilayers

A model system consisting of Ni[001]（100）/Ni3Al[001]（100） multi-layers are studied using the density functional theory in order to explore the elastic properties of single crystal Ni-based superalloys. Simulation results are consistent with the experimental observation that rafted Ni-base superalloys virtually possess a cubic symmetry. The convergence of the elastic properties with respect to the thickness of the multilayers are tested by a series of multilayers from 2γ′＋2γto 10γ′＋10γ atomic layers. The elastic properties are found to vary little with the increase of the multilayer＇s thickness. A Ni/Ni3Al multilayer with 10γ′＋10γ atomic layers （3.54 nm） can be used to simulate the mechanical properties of Ni-base model superalloys. Our calculated elastic constants, bulk modulus, orientation-dependent shear modulus and Young＇s modulus, as well as the Zener anisotropy factor are all compatible with the measured results of Ni-base model superalloys R1 and the advanced commercial superalloys TMS-26, CMSX-4 at a low temperature. The mechanical properties as a function of the γ′ phase volume fraction are calculated by varying the proportion of the γ and γ′ phase in the multilayers. Besides, the mechanical properties of two-phase Ni/Ni3Al multilayer can be well predicted by the Voigt-Reuss-Hill rule of mixtures.

Impact of replacement of Re by W on dislocation slip mediated creeps of γ'-Ni_(3)Al phases

The anomalous flow behavior of γ'-Ni_(3)Al phases at high temperature is closely related to the cross-slip of 1/2<110>{111}super-partial dislocations.Generalized stacking fault energy curves(i.e.,Γ-surfaces)along the lowest energy path can provide a great deal of information on the nucleation and movement of dislocations.With the first-principles calculation,the interplay between Re and W,Mo,Ta,Ti doped at preferential sites and their synergetic influence on Γ-surfaces and ideal shear strength(τ_(max))in γ'-Ni_(3)Al phases are investigated.Similar to single Re-addition,the Suzuki segregation of W at stacking faults is demonstrated to enable to impede the movement of 1/6<112>{111} Shockley partial dislocations and promote the cross-slip of 1/2<110>{111}super-partial dislocations.With the replacement of a part of Re by W,a decreased γ_(APB)^(111)/γ_(APB)^(001) indicates that the anomalous flow behavior of γ'phases at high temperature is not as excellent as the double Re-addition,but an increasedτmax means that the creep rupture strength of Ni-based single crystal superalloys can be benefited from this replacement to some extent,especially in the co-segregation of Re and W at Al−Al sites.As the interaction between X1_(Al) and X2_(Al) point defects is characterized by an correlation energy function ΔE^(X1_(Al)+X2_(Al))(d),it is found that both strong attraction and strong repulsion are unfavarable for the improvement of yield strengths of γ'phase.

Comparison of thermal and mechanical properties of γ'-Pt_(3)Al and γ'-Ni_(3)Al phases:A first principles study

High-temperature Ni-based alloys are widely used in the aerospace field due to their excellent properties,but the shortcomings of brittle fracture at the grain boundaries and poor plasticity at room temperature also limit their development to a certain extent.Researchers found that there areγ′precipitation phases similar to Ni_(3)Al in Pt-Al based alloys.In this paper,the CASTEP code of Materials Studio software package is used to simulate the thermal and mechanical properties ofγ′-Pt_(3)Al phase andγ′-Ni_(3)Al phase.By comparing the performance characteristics of the electronic structure,mechanical properties and point defect structure of the two,it is found that the stability,elastic deformation resistance and high temperature creep resistance of theγ′-Pt_(3)Al phase are better than those of theγ′-Ni_(3)Al phase.This will provide theoretical guidance for promoting the development of Pt-Al-based high-temperature materials.

Surface recrystallization of a Ni_3Al based single crystal superalloy at different annealing temperatures and blasting pressure

The effects of annealing temperature and grit blasting pressure on the recrystallization behavior of a Ni3Al based single crystal superalloy were studied in this work. The results show that the precipitation of the Y-NiMo phase occurs at 900 and 1000 °C, which precedes recrystallization. The initial recrystallization temperature was between 1000 and 1100 °C. Cellular recrystallization was formed at 1100 and 1200 °C, which consisted of large columnar γ′ and fine γ + γ′. The dendrite arm closed to the interdendritic region may act as nucleation sites during initial recrystallization by a particle simulated nucleation mechanism at 1280 °C. The size of the grains first turned large and then became small upon the pressure while the recrystallization depth increased all the time.

Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Ni_3Al Based Superalloy IC6E

The thermal fatigue behavior of Ni3Al based superalloy IC6E during the cycles between 900 ℃/1 000 ℃ and the room tempera- ture was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the primary and secondary thermal fatigue cracks initiate inside or round the borides and then spread away along grain boundaries and/or in interdendritic areas. The fracture of borides and their separation from the matrix at interfaces are mainly responsible for the crack initiation and its spreading. At temperatures higher than 1 000 ℃, the grain boundary oxidation combined with cyclic stresses accelerates the crack growth.

Isothermal solidification behavior of typical Ni_3Al base superalloy IC6

Solidification sequence of a typical Ni 3Al base superalloy IC6 was studied by isothermal solidification method. The results show that the liquidus, solidus, melting point of the boride and secondary γ ′ precipitation temperature of the IC6 alloy are notably higher than those of conventional nickel base superalloys because of its higher Mo content. There is no eutectic γ ′ precipitation during the solidification of the alloy, but a kind of Mo rich δ Ni 0.76 Mo 1.24 primary phase precipitates together with γ phase by eutectic reaction L ′→ δ + γ + L ″ in the temperature range of 1 573～1 553 K, this δ Ni 0.76 Mo 1.24 phase has a primitive orthorhombic structure with a=0.917 8 nm, b=0.914 2 nm and c=0.882 8 nm. Moreover, Al element of the alloy segregates in dendritic areas during isothermal solidification process, which causes secondary γ ′ phase precipitate in the order of precedence from dendrites to interdendrites.

Dependence of mechanical properties on the site occupancy of ternary alloying elements in γ'-Ni3Al: Ab initio description for shear and tensile deformation

The site occupancy behavior of ternary alloying elements inγ'-Ni3Al(a key strengthening phase of commercial Ni-based single-crystal superalloys)can change with temperature and alloy composition owing to the effect of entropy.Using a total-energy method based on density functional theory,the dependence of tensile and shear behaviors on the site preference of alloying elements inγ'-Ni3Al were investigated in detail.Our results demonstrate that Fe,Ru,and Ir can significantly improve the ideal tensile and shear strength of theγ'phase when occupying the Al site,with Ru resulting in the strongest enhancement.In contrast,elements with fully filled d orbitals(i.e.,Cu,Zn,Ag,and Cd)are expected to reduce the ideal tensile and shear strength.The calculated stress-strain relationships of Ni3Al alloys indicate that none of the alloying elements can simultaneously increase the ideal strength of theγ'phase for both Ni1-site and Ni2-site substitutions.In addition,the charge redistribution and the bond length of the alloying elements and host atoms during the tensile and shear processes are analyzed to unveil the underlying electronic mechanisms.

Spin and spin-orbit coupling effects in nickel-based superalloys:A first-principles study on Ni_(3)Al doped with Ta/W/Re

Heavy elements(X=Ta/W/Re)play an important role in the performance of superalloys,which enhance the strength,anti-oxidation,creep resistance,and anti-corrosiveness of alloy materials in a high-temperature environment.In the present research,the heavy element doping effects in FCC-Ni(γ)and Ni_(3)Al(γ')systems are investigated in terms of their thermodynamic and mechanical properties,as well as electronic structures.The lattice constant,bulk modulus,elastic constant,and dopant formation energy in non-spin,spin polarized,and spin-orbit coupling(SOC)calculations are compared.The results show that the SOC effects are important in accurate electronic structure calculations for alloys with heavy elements.We find that including spin for bothγandγ'phases is necessary and sufficient for most cases,but the dopant formation energy is sensitive to different spin effects,for instance,in the absence of SOC,even spin-polarized calculations give 1%to 9%variance in the dopant formation energy in our model.Electronic structures calculations indicate that spin polarization causes a split in the metal d states,and SOC introduces a variance in the spin-up and spin-down states of the d states of heavy metals and reduces the magnetic moment of the system.

新型Ni_(3)Al基单晶高温合金的显微组织和拉伸性能

采用液态金属冷却(LMC)法制备了新型Ni_(3)Al基单晶高温合金并进行1 290℃×4 h固溶处理和1 000℃×4 h时效处理,研究了合金的显微组织与不同温度(23~900℃)下的拉伸性能。结果表明:经固溶与时效处理后,试验合金组织中的γ′相呈规则的立方体形状,平均尺寸约为0.55μm,体积分数约为72%;合金的抗拉强度与屈服强度随着温度升高先增大后减小,且均在800℃时达到峰值,分别为856,808 MPa;合金断后伸长率的变化规律与强度相反,在800℃达到最小值11%;在600℃及以下温度拉伸时合金的断裂模式为纯剪切型断裂,在760℃拉伸时为纯剪切断裂与微孔聚集型共存的混合型断裂,当拉伸温度在800~900℃范围内时为微孔聚集型断裂。

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF γ'-PHASE IN SUPERALLOY CONTAINING Mg AND W

The calculation of electronic structure of γ'-Ni_3Al phase with or without Mg and W by the Recursion and LCAO methods clarified that Mg and W atoms lose their outer electrons par- tially after they entered γ'-Ni_3Al.It causes the reduction of the radii of the atoms.So it is preferable for Mg atom to enter γ'-phase by the substitution.The interaction between Mg and γ'-phase matrix may be strengthened and a more stable structure of γ'-phase may be formed while Mg and W entered γ'-Ni_3Al simultaneously.

TiAl合金与镍基高温合金钎焊连接研究现状

Ni基高温合金以其优异的性能,如较高的强度、良好的抗氧化及抗腐蚀能力等,在飞行器领域得到了广泛应用。TiAl系高温合金因其熔点高、比强度高、密度低、抗蠕变性能好等优点,被认为是制造航天器和飞机发动机最有前途的工程材料之一。采用TiAl合金与Ni基高温合金钎焊构件取代部分Ni基高温合金,能更好地满足飞行器高速化、轻量化的发展要求。综述了TiAl合金与镍基高温合金的钎焊技术研究现状,通过对现有TiAl合金与镍基高温合金焊接性研究的分析,介绍了包括Ti基钎料、Ni基钎料等钎焊材料的选取,阐述不同钎焊材料与钎焊工艺接头界面物相形成机理,指出TiAl合金与镍基高温合金钎焊技术研究与发展过程中存在的不足,并展望了TiAl合金与镍基高温合金钎焊技术未来发展方向,为TiAl合金与镍基高温合金钎焊连接的相关研究和工程应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。

First-principles study of solute diffusion in Ni3Al

Using first-principles calculations in combination with Wagner–Schottky and kinetic Monte Carlo methods, the diffusion behaviors of solutes via various vacancy-mediated diffusion mechanisms in L12 γ-Ni3Al were investigated. The formation energies of the point defects and the migration energies for solutes were calculated. Adding alloying elements can decrease the defect-formation energies of NiAl, increase the defect-formation energies of AlNi, and have little effect on the formation energy of VNi. The migration energies of solutes are related with the site preference and the diffusion mechanism. The diffusion coefficients of Ni, Al, and solutes were calculated, and the concentration of antisite defects plays a crucial role in the elemental diffusion.

多相Ni_(3)Al基高温合金微区氧化行为

以多相Ni_(3)Al基高温合金为对象,通过热处理得到了3种微区结构:枝晶干γ'+γ两相区、枝晶间β相和包裹着枝晶间β相的γ'包覆层,研究了不同微区组织在1000℃的等温氧化行为。3个微区在氧化初期呈现出不同的氧化行为:γ'包覆层处为明显的双层氧化膜结构,呈现胞状凸起,外部是混合层(NiO、NiFe2O4和Al_(2)O_(3)),内部为单一Al_(2)O_(3)层,而枝晶干γ'+γ两相区和枝晶间β相形成单层Al_(2)O_(3)膜。随着等温氧化时间的延长,由于晶格扩散占据主导地位,不同微区氧化膜厚度差显著缩小,3个微区的氧化膜组成逐渐趋于一致,形成致密单一的Al_(2)O_(3)层。

断续 CBN 砂轮缓进给磨削 K417 航空叶片材料的研究

全面比较了用Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＣＢＮ磨削Ｋ４１７铸造高温合金时的磨削效果，指出：Ａｌ２Ｏ３不适于高效磨削Ｋ４１７之类的航空难加工材料，而ＣＢＮ是实现该材料高效深切磨削的有效工具。通过大量实验，验证了断续ＣＢＮ砂轮缓进给磨削Ｋ４１７时的技术优势，解决了树脂结合剂应用于断续磨削时所遇到的新问题。