Carbazole is an irreplaceable basic organic chemical raw material and intermediate in industry.The separation of carbazole from anthracene oil by environmental benign solvents is important but still a challenge in che...Carbazole is an irreplaceable basic organic chemical raw material and intermediate in industry.The separation of carbazole from anthracene oil by environmental benign solvents is important but still a challenge in chemical engineering.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a sustainable green separation solvent have been proposed for the separation of carbazole from model anthracene oil.In this research,three quaternary ammonium-based DESs were prepared using ethylene glycol (EG) as hydrogen bond donor and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC),tetrabutylammonium bromide or choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors.To explore their extraction performance of carbazole,the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) model was used to predict the activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ^(∞)) of carbazole in DESs,and the result indicated TBAC:EG (1:2) had the stronger extraction ability for carbazole due to the higher capacity at infinite dilution (C^(∞)) value.Then,the separation performance of these three DESs was evaluated by experiments,and the experimental results were in good agreement with the COSMO-RS prediction results.The TBAC:EG (1:2) was determined as the most promising solvent.Additionally,the extraction conditions of TBAC:EG (1:2) were optimized,and the extraction efficiency,distribution coefficient and selectivity of carbazole could reach up to 85.74%,30.18 and 66.10%,respectively.Moreover,the TBAC:EG (1:2) could be recycled by using environmentally friendly water as antisolvent.In addition,the separation performance of TBAC:EG (1:2) was also evaluated by real crude anthracene,the carbazole was obtained with purity and yield of 85.32%,60.27%,respectively.Lastly,the extraction mechanism was elucidated byσ-profiles and interaction energy analysis.Theoretical calculation results showed that the main driving force for the extraction process was the hydrogen bonding ((N–H...Cl) and van der Waals interactions (C–H...O and C–H...π),which corresponding to the blue and green isosurfaces in IGMH analysis.This work presented a novel method for separating carbazole from crude anthracene oil,and will provide an important reference for the separation of other high value-added products from coal tar.展开更多
Corn as one of the world's major food crops,its by-product corn cob is also rich in resources.However,the unreasonable utilization of corn cob often causes the environmental pollution,waste of resources and other ...Corn as one of the world's major food crops,its by-product corn cob is also rich in resources.However,the unreasonable utilization of corn cob often causes the environmental pollution,waste of resources and other problems.As one of the most abundant polymers in nature,xylan is widely used in food,medicine,materials and other fields.Corn cob is rich in xylan,which is an ideal raw material for extracting xylan.However,the intractable lignin is covalently linked to xylan,which increases the difficulty of xylan extraction.It has been reported that the deep eutectic solvent(DES)could preferentially dissolve lignin in biomass,thereby dissolving the xylan.Then,the xylan in the extract was separated by ethanol precipitation method.The xylan precipitate was obtained after centrifugation,while the supernatant was retained.The components of the supernatant after ethanol precipitation were separated by the rotary evaporator.The ethanol,water and DES were collected for the subsequent extraction of corn cob xylan.In this study,a novel way was provided for the green production of corn cob xylan.The DES was used to extract xylan from corn cob which was used as the raw material.The effects of solid-liquid ratio,reaction time,reaction temperature and water content of DES on the extraction rate of corn cob xylan were investigated by the single factor test.Furthermore,the orthogonal test was designed to optimize the xylan extraction process.The structure of corn cob xylan was analyzed and verified.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of corn cob xylan were as follows:the ratio of corn cob to DES was 1:15(g:mL),the extraction time was 3 h,the extraction temperature was 60℃,and the water content of DES was 70%.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of xylan was 16.46%.The extracted corn cob xylan was distinctive triple helix of polysaccharide,which was similar to the structure of commercially available xylan.Xylan was effectively and workably extracted from corn cob by the DES method.This study provided a new approach for high value conversion of corn cob and the clean production of xylan.展开更多
The efficient separation and collection of ammonia(NH_(3))during NH_(3) synthesis process is essential to improve the economic efficiency and protect the environment.In this work,ethanolammonium hydrochloride(EtOHACl)...The efficient separation and collection of ammonia(NH_(3))during NH_(3) synthesis process is essential to improve the economic efficiency and protect the environment.In this work,ethanolammonium hydrochloride(EtOHACl)and phenol(PhOH)were used to prepare a novel class of deep eutectic solvents(DESs)with multiple active sites and low viscosities.The NH_(3) separation performance of EtOHACl+PhOH DESs was analyzed completely.It is figured out that the NH_(3) absorption rates in EtOHACl+PhOH DESs are very fast.The NH_(3) absorption capacities are very high and reach up to 5.52 and 10.74 mol·kg1 at 11.2 and 100.4 kPa under 298.2 K,respectively.In addition,the EtOHACl+PhOH DESs present highly selective absorption of NH_(3) over N_(2) and H_(2) and good regenerative properties after seven cycles of absorption/desorption.The intrinsic separation mechanism of NH_(3) by EtOHACl+PhOH DESs was further revealed by spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemistry calculations.展开更多
A series of Lewis-acid deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized by stirring phosphoric acid and zincchloride as raw materials at 80℃ to form H_(3)PO_(4)/nZnCl_(2) (n = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1). The DESs were ch...A series of Lewis-acid deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized by stirring phosphoric acid and zincchloride as raw materials at 80℃ to form H_(3)PO_(4)/nZnCl_(2) (n = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1). The DESs were characterized byFourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), andelectron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The DESs were used as both extractants and catalysts to removedibenzothiophene from fuels via oxidative desulfurization (ODS). Experiments were performed to investigated the influenceof factors such as composition of DES, temperature, oxidant dosage (molar ratio of O:S), DES dosage (volume ratio ofDES:oil), and number of cycles on desulfurization rate. The results indicated that the removal rate of dibenzothiophene (DBT)was affected by the Lewis acidic DESs, with that of H_(3)PO_(4)/0.25∙ZnCl_(2) reaching 96.4% under optimal conditions (Voil=5 mL,VDES=1 mL, an oxidant dosage of 6, T=50 ℃). After six cycles, the desulfurization rate of H_(3)PO_(4)/0.25∙ZnCl_(2) remained above94.1%. The apparent activation energy of dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal reaction was determined by a pseudo-first orderkinetic equation according to the Arrhenius equation to be 32.34 kJ/mol, as estimated. A reaction mechanism is proposedbased on the experimental data and characterization results.展开更多
Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve,light weight,low cost,and good safety of Al.However,the ...Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve,light weight,low cost,and good safety of Al.However,the development of AIBs faces challenges due to the usage of AlCl_(3)-based ionic liquid electrolytes,which are expensive,corrosive,and sensitive to humidity.Here,we develop a low-cost,non-corrosive,and air-stable hydrated eutectic electrolyte composed of aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate and methylurea(MU)ligand.Through optimizing the molar ratio to achieve the unique solvation structure,the formed Al(ClO_4)_(3)·9H_(2)O/MU hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte(AMHEE)with an average coordination number of 2.4 can facilely realize stable and reversible deposition/stripping of Al.When combining with vanadium oxide nanorods positive electrode,the Al-ion full battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 320 mAh g^(-1)with good capacity retention.The unique solvation structure with a low desolvation energy of the AMHEE enables Al^(3+)insertion/extraction during charge/discharge processes,which is evidenced by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction.This work opens a new pathway of developing low-cost,safe,environmentally friendly and high-performance electrolytes for practical and sustainable AIBs.展开更多
As the demand for sustainable energy sources continues to rise,the need for efficient and reliable energy storage systems becomes crucial.In order to effectively store and distribute renewable energy,new and innovativ...As the demand for sustainable energy sources continues to rise,the need for efficient and reliable energy storage systems becomes crucial.In order to effectively store and distribute renewable energy,new and innovative solutions must be explored.This review examines the deep eutectic solvents(DESs)as a green,safe,and affordable solution for the electrochemical energy storage and conversion field,offering tremendous opportunities and a promising future.DESs are a class of environment-friendly solvents known for their low toxicity and unique properties,such as their good conductivity,high thermal stability,and nonflammability.This review explores the fundamentals,preparations,and various interactions that often predominate in the formation of DESs,the properties of DESs,and how DESs are better than traditional solvents involving cost-ineffective and unsafe organic electrolytes and ionic liquids as well as inefficient aqueous systems due to low energy density for electrochemical energy storage applications.Then,a particular focus is placed on the various electrochemical applications of DESs,including their role in the electrolytes in batteries/supercapacitors,electropolishing and electrodeposition of metals,synthesis of electrode materials,recycling of electrodes,and their potential for use in CO_(2)capture.The review concludes by exploring the challenges,research gaps,and future potential of DESs in electrochemical applications,providing a comprehensive overview,and highlighting key considerations for their design and use.展开更多
We prepared and characterized a form-stable composite phase change material (PCM) with higher thermal conductivity. Capric acid(CA)-myristic acid(MA) eutectic as core, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as suppor...We prepared and characterized a form-stable composite phase change material (PCM) with higher thermal conductivity. Capric acid(CA)-myristic acid(MA) eutectic as core, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as supportive matrix and modified graphite (MG) powders serving as the thermal conductance improver were blended by bulk- polymerization method. The composite PCMs with different MG mass fraction (2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 15%) were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, DSC technique and mechanical tests. Thermal conductivities of the composites were measured by transient hot-wire method. The results indicate that MG powders have been successfully inserted into the CA-MA/PMMA matrix without any chemical reaction with each other. The MG/CA-MA/PMMA composites maintain good thermal storage performance while the thermal conductivity has been enhanced significantly. The composite PCM added with 15 wt% MG powders increases approximately as 195.9% in thermal conductivity. Moreover, the thermal conductivity improvement of the composite PCMs is also verified by the melting-freezing experiment, which is profitable for the heat transfer efficiency in latent heat thermal energy storage system.展开更多
Microstructural evolution and phase transformation induced by different heat treatments of the hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy, Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu (wt%, signed as 3C), fabricated by traditional cast (TC) and sp...Microstructural evolution and phase transformation induced by different heat treatments of the hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy, Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu (wt%, signed as 3C), fabricated by traditional cast (TC) and spray forming (SF) processes, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that A17Cu2Fe phase can be formed and transformed in TC- and SF-3C alloys between 802-813 K and 800-815 K, respectively. The transformation from β-Al5FeSi to δ-Al4FeSi2 phase via peritectic reaction can occur at around 858-870 K and 876-890 K in TC- and SF-3C alloys, respectively. The starting precipitation temperature of δ-Al4FeSi2 phase as the dominant Fe-bearing phase in the TC-3C alloy is 997 K and the exothermic peak about the peritectic transformation of δ-Al4FeSi2→β-Al5FeSi is not detected in the present DSC experiments. Also, the mechanisms of the microstructural evolution and phase transformation are discussed.展开更多
The Mn-based oxide cathode with enriched crystal phase structure and component diversity can provide the excellent chemistry structure for Na-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the broad application prospect is obstructed by ...The Mn-based oxide cathode with enriched crystal phase structure and component diversity can provide the excellent chemistry structure for Na-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the broad application prospect is obstructed by the sluggish Na^(+)kinetics and the phase transitions upon cycling.Herein,we establish the thermodynamically stable phase diagram of various Mn-based oxide composites precisely controlled by sodium content tailoring strategy coupling with co-doping and solid-state reaction.The chemical environment of the P2/P'3 and P2/P3 biphasic composites indicate that the charge compensation mechanism stems from the cooperative contribution of anions and cations.Benefiting from the no phase transition to scavenge the structure strain,P2/P'3 electrode can deliver long cycling stability(capacity retention of 73.8%after 1000 cycles at 10 C)and outstanding rate properties(the discharge capacity of 84.08 mA h g^(-1)at 20 C)than P2/P3 electrode.Furthermore,the DFT calculation demonstrates that the introducing novel P'3 phase can significantly regulate the Na^(+)reaction dynamics and modify the local electron configuration of Mn.The effective phase engineering can provide a reference for designing other high-performance electrode materials for Na-ion batteries.展开更多
Important efforts have been made over the past years to improve the drug acts,which leads to the discovery of novel drug preparations and delivery systems.The optimal design of such processes requires a molecular-leve...Important efforts have been made over the past years to improve the drug acts,which leads to the discovery of novel drug preparations and delivery systems.The optimal design of such processes requires a molecular-level understanding of the interactions between drug molecules and biological membranes.The thermodynamic investigation provides deep and complete knowledge of interactions and the choice of appropriate and suitable production compounds in pharmaceutical fields.Particularly,the analysis of drugs+co-solvents in aqueous media is the central issue in many types of research because they exert their impact by interacting with biological membranes.This work is aimed to measure the density and speed of sound for the thiamine hydrochloride in water+deep eutectic solvents(DESs)mixtures(choline chloride/urea,choline chloride/ethylene glycol and choline chloride/glycerol)at temperature range(293.15-308.15)K.By correlation of the evaluated parameters in some standard relations,the partial molar parameters i.e.apparent molar volumes,Vφ,m,and apparent molar isentropic compression,κ_(s,φ,m),are calculated.In addition,apparent molar isobaric expansion,E^(0)_(φ,m),and Hepler’s constant are computed from the density and speed of sound data.For fitting the experimental Vφ,m andκ_(s,φ,m)the Redlich-Meyer equation was employed that the important quantities;standard partial molar volume,V^(0)_(m),and partial molar isentropic compression,κφ,m0,were obtained.The thermodynamic analysis of the studied system also plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry.展开更多
Levulinic acid(LA)is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals,which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields.However,separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or a...Levulinic acid(LA)is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals,which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields.However,separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or actual hydrolysate continues to be a challenge.Among various downstream separation technologies,liquid-liquid extraction is a low-cost,effective,and simple process to separate LA.The key breakthrough lies in the development of extractants with high extraction efficiency,good hydrophobicity,and low cost.In this work,three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents(DESs)based on tri-n-octylamine(TOA)as hydrogen bond acceptor(HBA)and alcohols(butanol,2-octanol,and menthol)as hydrogen bond donors(HBDs)were developed to extract LA from aqueous solution.The molar ratios of HBD and HBA,extraction temperature,contact time,solution pH,and initial LA concentration,DES/water volume ratios were systematically investigated.Compared with 2-octanol-TOA and menthol-TOA DES,the butanol-TOA DES exhibited the superior extraction performance for LA,with a maximum extraction efficiency of 95.79±1.4%.Moreover,the solution pH had a great impact on the LA extraction efficiency of butanol-TOA(molar ratio=3:1).It is worth noting that the extraction equilibrium time was less than 0.5 h.More importantly,the butanol-TOA(3:1)DES possesses good extraction abilities for low,medium,and high concentrations of LA.展开更多
The development of green solvents for enhancing aqueous solubility of drug curcumin remains a challenge. This study explores the enhancing effect of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) on the aqueous solubility of curcumin(C...The development of green solvents for enhancing aqueous solubility of drug curcumin remains a challenge. This study explores the enhancing effect of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) on the aqueous solubility of curcumin(CUR) via experiment and theoretical calculation. Choline chloride-based DESs with polyols 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO), 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol as hydrogen bond donors were prepared and used as co-solvents. The CUR aqueous solubility increased with increasing the DESs content at temperature of 303.15-318.15 K, especially in aqueous ChCl/1,2-PDO(mole ratio 1:4) solutions. The positive apparent molar volume values and reduced density gradient analysis confirmed the existence of strong interactions between CUR and solvent. The van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding coexisted in DESs monomer retained the stability of DESs structure after introducing CUR. Moreover,the lower interaction energy of DESs…CUR system than that of the counterpart DESs further proved the strong interaction between CUR and DESs. The lowest interaction energy of ChCl/1,2-PDO…CUR system indicated that this system was the most stable and ChCl/1,2-PDO was promising for CUR dissolution.This work provides efficient solvents for utilizing curcumin, contributing to a deep insight into the interactions between DES and CUR at the molecular level, and the role of DESs on enhancing drugs solubility.展开更多
Sinomenine is the main bio-active ingredient of Sinomenii Caulis and usually produced by solventextraction techniques. However, the extraction of sinomenine suffers from the lack of highly efficient and environmentall...Sinomenine is the main bio-active ingredient of Sinomenii Caulis and usually produced by solventextraction techniques. However, the extraction of sinomenine suffers from the lack of highly efficient and environmentally-benign solvents. In this work, deep eutectic solvents(DESs) based on fragrances were synthesized, hydrogen-bond donors(HBDs) and hydrogen-bond acceptors(HBAs) components of DESs were identified and their extraction ability for sinomenine was evaluated and the extraction conditions were optimized by single-factor and orthogonal design experiments. It was found that the hydrogen-bonding interaction between sinomenine and DESs was the main extraction driving force and there was no explicit relationship between the extraction ability and the hydrophobicity of the DESs. The DESs could be recycled and sinomenine could be recovered quantitatively via backextraction. High-purity sinomenine((95.0 ± 2.3)%) could be produced. These findings suggest that DESs are highly-effective solvents for the isolation of sinomenine and exhibit great potential for the extraction of other bio-active compounds.展开更多
Ni-Fe bimetallic electrodes are currently recognized as a kind of benchmark transition metal-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.Facile synthesis of Ni-Fe bimetallic electrode materials with excellent...Ni-Fe bimetallic electrodes are currently recognized as a kind of benchmark transition metal-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.Facile synthesis of Ni-Fe bimetallic electrode materials with excellent catalytic activity and satisfied stability by a simple and low-cost route is still a big challenge.Herein,well-defined Ni-Fe nanoparticles in-situ developed on a planar Fe substrate(Ni-Fe NPs/Fe)is fabricated via a facile one-step galvanic replacement reaction(GRR)carried out in an Ethaline-based deep eutectic solvent(DES).The prepared Ni-Fe NPs/Fe exhibits outstanding OER performance,which needs an overpotential of only 319 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),with a small Tafel slope of 41.2 mV dec^(-1) in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH,high mass activity(up to 319.78 A g^(-1) at an overpotential of 300 mV)and robust durability for 200 h.Impressively,the Ni-Fe bimetallic oxygen-evolution electrode obtained from the Ethaline-based DES is catalytically more active and durable than that of its counterpart derived from the 4.2 mol L^(-1) NaCl aqueous solution.The reason for this is mainly related to the different morphology and surface state of the Ni-Fe catalysts obtained from these different solvent environments,particularly for the differences in phy-chemical properties,active species formed and deposition kinetics,offered by the Ethaline-based DES.展开更多
Using general multi-phase-field model,detailed microstructures corresponding to different initial lamellar sets were simulated in a binary eutectic alloy with an asymmetric phase diagram.The simulation results show th...Using general multi-phase-field model,detailed microstructures corresponding to different initial lamellar sets were simulated in a binary eutectic alloy with an asymmetric phase diagram.The simulation results show that regular or unstable oscillating lamellar structures depend on the initial lamellar widths of two solid phases.A lamellar morphology map associating with the initial widths has been derived,which is capable of showing the condition of forming various lamella structures.For instance,a regular lamella was formed with fast solidification while large lamella resulted from disorder growth with low interfacial velocity. The investigated interface velocities indicate that with fast solidification to form regular lamella,a disorder growth manner or a large lamellar spacing causes a low interface velocity.These results are in good agreement with those proposed by Jackson-Hunt model.展开更多
In this study the partially divorced eutectic microstructure ofα-Mg andβ-Mg17Al12was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and phase-field modeling in hypoeutectic Mg-Al a...In this study the partially divorced eutectic microstructure ofα-Mg andβ-Mg17Al12was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and phase-field modeling in hypoeutectic Mg-Al alloys.The orientation relationships between the individual eutecticαgrains,eutecticβphase,and primaryαgrains were investigated.While the amount of eutectic morphology is primarily determined by the Al content,the in-depth microstructure analyses and the phase-field simulation suggest non-interactive nucleation and growth of eutecticαphase in theβphase grown on the interdendritic primaryαdendrites.Also,phase-field simulations showed a preferred nucleation sequence where theβphase nucleates first and subsequently triggers the nucleation of eutecticαphase at the movingβphase solidification front,which supports the microstructural analysis results.展开更多
Fracturing fluid property play a critical role in developing unconventional reservoirs.Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)show fascinating potential for property improvement of clean fracturing fluids(CFFs)due to their low-p...Fracturing fluid property play a critical role in developing unconventional reservoirs.Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)show fascinating potential for property improvement of clean fracturing fluids(CFFs)due to their low-price,low-toxicity,chemical stability and flexible designability.In this work,DESs were synthesized by mixing hydrogen bond acceptors(HBAs)and a given hydrogen bond donor(HBD)to explore their underlying influence on CFF properties based on the intermolecular interactions.The hydrogen-bonding,van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between DES components and surfactants improved the CFF properties by promoting the arrangement of surfactants at interface and enhancing the micelle network strength.The HBD enhanced the resistance of CFF for Ca^(2+) due to coordination-bonding interaction.The DESs composed of choline chloride(ChCl)and malonic acid show great enhancement for surface,rheology,temperature resistance,salt tolerance,drag reduction,and gel-breaking performance of CFFs.The DESs also improved the gel-breaking CFF-oil interactions,increasing the imbibition efficiencies to 44.2%in 74 h.Adjusting HBAs can effectively strengthen the intermolecular interactions(e.g.,HBA-surfactant and HBD-surfactant interactions)to improve CFF properties.The DESs developed in this study provide a novel strategy to intensify CFF properties.展开更多
From the Gibbs free energy and the equations of two-phase equilibrium curves of the two-dimensionalbinary system which has the Lennard-Jones potential, using the Collins model, the eutectic-type phase diagram and thep...From the Gibbs free energy and the equations of two-phase equilibrium curves of the two-dimensionalbinary system which has the Lennard-Jones potential, using the Collins model, the eutectic-type phase diagram and theperitectic-type phase diagram of the binary system are obtained, whose results are quite similar to the behavior of thethree-dimensional (3D) substances.展开更多
Thiol-ene click reaction is an intriguing strategy for preparing polymer electrolytes due to its high activity,atom economy and less side reaction.However,the explosive reaction rate and the use of non-electrolytic am...Thiol-ene click reaction is an intriguing strategy for preparing polymer electrolytes due to its high activity,atom economy and less side reaction.However,the explosive reaction rate and the use of non-electrolytic amine catalyst hamper its application in in-situ batteries.Herein,a nitrogen-containing eutectic solution is designed as both the catalyst of the thiol-ene reaction and the plasticizer to in-situ synthesize the gel polymer electrolytes,realizing a mild in-situ gelation process and the preparation of high-performance gel electrolytes.The obtained gel polymer electrolytes exhibit a high ionic conductivity of 4×10^(−4)S cm^(−1)and lithium-ion transference number(t_(Li)^(+))of 0.51 at 60°C.The as-assembled Li/LiFePO_(4)(LFP)cell delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 155.9 mAh g^(-1),and a favorable cycling stability with the capacity retention of 82%after 800 cycles at 1 C is also obtained.In addition,this eutectic solution significantly improves the rate performance of the LFP cell with high specific capacity of 141.5 and 126.8 mAh g^(-1)at 5 C and 10 C,respectively,and the cell can steadily work at various charge–discharge rate for 200 cycles.This powerful and efficient strategy may provide a novel way for in-situ preparing gel polymer electrolytes with desirable comprehensive performances.展开更多
基金financially supported by Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation of China(20210302123167)NSFC-Shanxi joint fund for coal-based low carbon(U1610223)Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2021SX-TD006).
文摘Carbazole is an irreplaceable basic organic chemical raw material and intermediate in industry.The separation of carbazole from anthracene oil by environmental benign solvents is important but still a challenge in chemical engineering.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a sustainable green separation solvent have been proposed for the separation of carbazole from model anthracene oil.In this research,three quaternary ammonium-based DESs were prepared using ethylene glycol (EG) as hydrogen bond donor and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC),tetrabutylammonium bromide or choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors.To explore their extraction performance of carbazole,the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) model was used to predict the activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ^(∞)) of carbazole in DESs,and the result indicated TBAC:EG (1:2) had the stronger extraction ability for carbazole due to the higher capacity at infinite dilution (C^(∞)) value.Then,the separation performance of these three DESs was evaluated by experiments,and the experimental results were in good agreement with the COSMO-RS prediction results.The TBAC:EG (1:2) was determined as the most promising solvent.Additionally,the extraction conditions of TBAC:EG (1:2) were optimized,and the extraction efficiency,distribution coefficient and selectivity of carbazole could reach up to 85.74%,30.18 and 66.10%,respectively.Moreover,the TBAC:EG (1:2) could be recycled by using environmentally friendly water as antisolvent.In addition,the separation performance of TBAC:EG (1:2) was also evaluated by real crude anthracene,the carbazole was obtained with purity and yield of 85.32%,60.27%,respectively.Lastly,the extraction mechanism was elucidated byσ-profiles and interaction energy analysis.Theoretical calculation results showed that the main driving force for the extraction process was the hydrogen bonding ((N–H...Cl) and van der Waals interactions (C–H...O and C–H...π),which corresponding to the blue and green isosurfaces in IGMH analysis.This work presented a novel method for separating carbazole from crude anthracene oil,and will provide an important reference for the separation of other high value-added products from coal tar.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[21978070]Natural Science Foundation of Henan[212300410032,232103810065]+2 种基金Key Research and Development Projects of Henan Province[221111320500]Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province[20HASTIT034]Henan Province“Double First-Class”Project-Food Science and Technology.
文摘Corn as one of the world's major food crops,its by-product corn cob is also rich in resources.However,the unreasonable utilization of corn cob often causes the environmental pollution,waste of resources and other problems.As one of the most abundant polymers in nature,xylan is widely used in food,medicine,materials and other fields.Corn cob is rich in xylan,which is an ideal raw material for extracting xylan.However,the intractable lignin is covalently linked to xylan,which increases the difficulty of xylan extraction.It has been reported that the deep eutectic solvent(DES)could preferentially dissolve lignin in biomass,thereby dissolving the xylan.Then,the xylan in the extract was separated by ethanol precipitation method.The xylan precipitate was obtained after centrifugation,while the supernatant was retained.The components of the supernatant after ethanol precipitation were separated by the rotary evaporator.The ethanol,water and DES were collected for the subsequent extraction of corn cob xylan.In this study,a novel way was provided for the green production of corn cob xylan.The DES was used to extract xylan from corn cob which was used as the raw material.The effects of solid-liquid ratio,reaction time,reaction temperature and water content of DES on the extraction rate of corn cob xylan were investigated by the single factor test.Furthermore,the orthogonal test was designed to optimize the xylan extraction process.The structure of corn cob xylan was analyzed and verified.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of corn cob xylan were as follows:the ratio of corn cob to DES was 1:15(g:mL),the extraction time was 3 h,the extraction temperature was 60℃,and the water content of DES was 70%.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of xylan was 16.46%.The extracted corn cob xylan was distinctive triple helix of polysaccharide,which was similar to the structure of commercially available xylan.Xylan was effectively and workably extracted from corn cob by the DES method.This study provided a new approach for high value conversion of corn cob and the clean production of xylan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22221005 and 22008033).
文摘The efficient separation and collection of ammonia(NH_(3))during NH_(3) synthesis process is essential to improve the economic efficiency and protect the environment.In this work,ethanolammonium hydrochloride(EtOHACl)and phenol(PhOH)were used to prepare a novel class of deep eutectic solvents(DESs)with multiple active sites and low viscosities.The NH_(3) separation performance of EtOHACl+PhOH DESs was analyzed completely.It is figured out that the NH_(3) absorption rates in EtOHACl+PhOH DESs are very fast.The NH_(3) absorption capacities are very high and reach up to 5.52 and 10.74 mol·kg1 at 11.2 and 100.4 kPa under 298.2 K,respectively.In addition,the EtOHACl+PhOH DESs present highly selective absorption of NH_(3) over N_(2) and H_(2) and good regenerative properties after seven cycles of absorption/desorption.The intrinsic separation mechanism of NH_(3) by EtOHACl+PhOH DESs was further revealed by spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemistry calculations.
基金the College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project of Liaoning Province(202310148016)Doctoral Fund of Liaoning Province(201501105).
文摘A series of Lewis-acid deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized by stirring phosphoric acid and zincchloride as raw materials at 80℃ to form H_(3)PO_(4)/nZnCl_(2) (n = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1). The DESs were characterized byFourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), andelectron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The DESs were used as both extractants and catalysts to removedibenzothiophene from fuels via oxidative desulfurization (ODS). Experiments were performed to investigated the influenceof factors such as composition of DES, temperature, oxidant dosage (molar ratio of O:S), DES dosage (volume ratio ofDES:oil), and number of cycles on desulfurization rate. The results indicated that the removal rate of dibenzothiophene (DBT)was affected by the Lewis acidic DESs, with that of H_(3)PO_(4)/0.25∙ZnCl_(2) reaching 96.4% under optimal conditions (Voil=5 mL,VDES=1 mL, an oxidant dosage of 6, T=50 ℃). After six cycles, the desulfurization rate of H_(3)PO_(4)/0.25∙ZnCl_(2) remained above94.1%. The apparent activation energy of dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal reaction was determined by a pseudo-first orderkinetic equation according to the Arrhenius equation to be 32.34 kJ/mol, as estimated. A reaction mechanism is proposedbased on the experimental data and characterization results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274302)。
文摘Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve,light weight,low cost,and good safety of Al.However,the development of AIBs faces challenges due to the usage of AlCl_(3)-based ionic liquid electrolytes,which are expensive,corrosive,and sensitive to humidity.Here,we develop a low-cost,non-corrosive,and air-stable hydrated eutectic electrolyte composed of aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate and methylurea(MU)ligand.Through optimizing the molar ratio to achieve the unique solvation structure,the formed Al(ClO_4)_(3)·9H_(2)O/MU hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte(AMHEE)with an average coordination number of 2.4 can facilely realize stable and reversible deposition/stripping of Al.When combining with vanadium oxide nanorods positive electrode,the Al-ion full battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 320 mAh g^(-1)with good capacity retention.The unique solvation structure with a low desolvation energy of the AMHEE enables Al^(3+)insertion/extraction during charge/discharge processes,which is evidenced by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction.This work opens a new pathway of developing low-cost,safe,environmentally friendly and high-performance electrolytes for practical and sustainable AIBs.
文摘As the demand for sustainable energy sources continues to rise,the need for efficient and reliable energy storage systems becomes crucial.In order to effectively store and distribute renewable energy,new and innovative solutions must be explored.This review examines the deep eutectic solvents(DESs)as a green,safe,and affordable solution for the electrochemical energy storage and conversion field,offering tremendous opportunities and a promising future.DESs are a class of environment-friendly solvents known for their low toxicity and unique properties,such as their good conductivity,high thermal stability,and nonflammability.This review explores the fundamentals,preparations,and various interactions that often predominate in the formation of DESs,the properties of DESs,and how DESs are better than traditional solvents involving cost-ineffective and unsafe organic electrolytes and ionic liquids as well as inefficient aqueous systems due to low energy density for electrochemical energy storage applications.Then,a particular focus is placed on the various electrochemical applications of DESs,including their role in the electrolytes in batteries/supercapacitors,electropolishing and electrodeposition of metals,synthesis of electrode materials,recycling of electrodes,and their potential for use in CO_(2)capture.The review concludes by exploring the challenges,research gaps,and future potential of DESs in electrochemical applications,providing a comprehensive overview,and highlighting key considerations for their design and use.
基金Founded by the National Mega-Project of Scientific&Technical Supporting Programs during the 11th Five-year Period(No.2006BAJ04A04)the Foundation of Liaoning EducationalCommittee(No.L2012225)
文摘We prepared and characterized a form-stable composite phase change material (PCM) with higher thermal conductivity. Capric acid(CA)-myristic acid(MA) eutectic as core, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as supportive matrix and modified graphite (MG) powders serving as the thermal conductance improver were blended by bulk- polymerization method. The composite PCMs with different MG mass fraction (2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 15%) were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, DSC technique and mechanical tests. Thermal conductivities of the composites were measured by transient hot-wire method. The results indicate that MG powders have been successfully inserted into the CA-MA/PMMA matrix without any chemical reaction with each other. The MG/CA-MA/PMMA composites maintain good thermal storage performance while the thermal conductivity has been enhanced significantly. The composite PCM added with 15 wt% MG powders increases approximately as 195.9% in thermal conductivity. Moreover, the thermal conductivity improvement of the composite PCMs is also verified by the melting-freezing experiment, which is profitable for the heat transfer efficiency in latent heat thermal energy storage system.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research & Development Program of China (No2006CB605204)
文摘Microstructural evolution and phase transformation induced by different heat treatments of the hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy, Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu (wt%, signed as 3C), fabricated by traditional cast (TC) and spray forming (SF) processes, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that A17Cu2Fe phase can be formed and transformed in TC- and SF-3C alloys between 802-813 K and 800-815 K, respectively. The transformation from β-Al5FeSi to δ-Al4FeSi2 phase via peritectic reaction can occur at around 858-870 K and 876-890 K in TC- and SF-3C alloys, respectively. The starting precipitation temperature of δ-Al4FeSi2 phase as the dominant Fe-bearing phase in the TC-3C alloy is 997 K and the exothermic peak about the peritectic transformation of δ-Al4FeSi2→β-Al5FeSi is not detected in the present DSC experiments. Also, the mechanisms of the microstructural evolution and phase transformation are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52173273)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022CX11013)+2 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths (No.202203021212391)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (No.2022L253)Institute Foundation Project of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited Metals and Chemistry Research Institute (No.2023SJ02)。
文摘The Mn-based oxide cathode with enriched crystal phase structure and component diversity can provide the excellent chemistry structure for Na-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the broad application prospect is obstructed by the sluggish Na^(+)kinetics and the phase transitions upon cycling.Herein,we establish the thermodynamically stable phase diagram of various Mn-based oxide composites precisely controlled by sodium content tailoring strategy coupling with co-doping and solid-state reaction.The chemical environment of the P2/P'3 and P2/P3 biphasic composites indicate that the charge compensation mechanism stems from the cooperative contribution of anions and cations.Benefiting from the no phase transition to scavenge the structure strain,P2/P'3 electrode can deliver long cycling stability(capacity retention of 73.8%after 1000 cycles at 10 C)and outstanding rate properties(the discharge capacity of 84.08 mA h g^(-1)at 20 C)than P2/P3 electrode.Furthermore,the DFT calculation demonstrates that the introducing novel P'3 phase can significantly regulate the Na^(+)reaction dynamics and modify the local electron configuration of Mn.The effective phase engineering can provide a reference for designing other high-performance electrode materials for Na-ion batteries.
基金financial support from the graduate council of the University of Tabriz,Tabriz,Iran.
文摘Important efforts have been made over the past years to improve the drug acts,which leads to the discovery of novel drug preparations and delivery systems.The optimal design of such processes requires a molecular-level understanding of the interactions between drug molecules and biological membranes.The thermodynamic investigation provides deep and complete knowledge of interactions and the choice of appropriate and suitable production compounds in pharmaceutical fields.Particularly,the analysis of drugs+co-solvents in aqueous media is the central issue in many types of research because they exert their impact by interacting with biological membranes.This work is aimed to measure the density and speed of sound for the thiamine hydrochloride in water+deep eutectic solvents(DESs)mixtures(choline chloride/urea,choline chloride/ethylene glycol and choline chloride/glycerol)at temperature range(293.15-308.15)K.By correlation of the evaluated parameters in some standard relations,the partial molar parameters i.e.apparent molar volumes,Vφ,m,and apparent molar isentropic compression,κ_(s,φ,m),are calculated.In addition,apparent molar isobaric expansion,E^(0)_(φ,m),and Hepler’s constant are computed from the density and speed of sound data.For fitting the experimental Vφ,m andκ_(s,φ,m)the Redlich-Meyer equation was employed that the important quantities;standard partial molar volume,V^(0)_(m),and partial molar isentropic compression,κφ,m0,were obtained.The thermodynamic analysis of the studied system also plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry.
基金supported by the Key Area Research&Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0101070001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978053,51508547)。
文摘Levulinic acid(LA)is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals,which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields.However,separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or actual hydrolysate continues to be a challenge.Among various downstream separation technologies,liquid-liquid extraction is a low-cost,effective,and simple process to separate LA.The key breakthrough lies in the development of extractants with high extraction efficiency,good hydrophobicity,and low cost.In this work,three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents(DESs)based on tri-n-octylamine(TOA)as hydrogen bond acceptor(HBA)and alcohols(butanol,2-octanol,and menthol)as hydrogen bond donors(HBDs)were developed to extract LA from aqueous solution.The molar ratios of HBD and HBA,extraction temperature,contact time,solution pH,and initial LA concentration,DES/water volume ratios were systematically investigated.Compared with 2-octanol-TOA and menthol-TOA DES,the butanol-TOA DES exhibited the superior extraction performance for LA,with a maximum extraction efficiency of 95.79±1.4%.Moreover,the solution pH had a great impact on the LA extraction efficiency of butanol-TOA(molar ratio=3:1).It is worth noting that the extraction equilibrium time was less than 0.5 h.More importantly,the butanol-TOA(3:1)DES possesses good extraction abilities for low,medium,and high concentrations of LA.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21905069, U21A20307, 22208073)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (ZDSYS20190902093220279, KQTD20170809110344233, GXWD20201230155427003-20200821181245001, GXWD20201230155427003-202008211 81809001, ZX20200151)the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2020A1515110879)。
文摘The development of green solvents for enhancing aqueous solubility of drug curcumin remains a challenge. This study explores the enhancing effect of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) on the aqueous solubility of curcumin(CUR) via experiment and theoretical calculation. Choline chloride-based DESs with polyols 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO), 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol as hydrogen bond donors were prepared and used as co-solvents. The CUR aqueous solubility increased with increasing the DESs content at temperature of 303.15-318.15 K, especially in aqueous ChCl/1,2-PDO(mole ratio 1:4) solutions. The positive apparent molar volume values and reduced density gradient analysis confirmed the existence of strong interactions between CUR and solvent. The van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding coexisted in DESs monomer retained the stability of DESs structure after introducing CUR. Moreover,the lower interaction energy of DESs…CUR system than that of the counterpart DESs further proved the strong interaction between CUR and DESs. The lowest interaction energy of ChCl/1,2-PDO…CUR system indicated that this system was the most stable and ChCl/1,2-PDO was promising for CUR dissolution.This work provides efficient solvents for utilizing curcumin, contributing to a deep insight into the interactions between DES and CUR at the molecular level, and the role of DESs on enhancing drugs solubility.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 21307028)Foundation of Henan province (202102310614)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province (NSFRF210428)the Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University (KJS2016)。
文摘Sinomenine is the main bio-active ingredient of Sinomenii Caulis and usually produced by solventextraction techniques. However, the extraction of sinomenine suffers from the lack of highly efficient and environmentally-benign solvents. In this work, deep eutectic solvents(DESs) based on fragrances were synthesized, hydrogen-bond donors(HBDs) and hydrogen-bond acceptors(HBAs) components of DESs were identified and their extraction ability for sinomenine was evaluated and the extraction conditions were optimized by single-factor and orthogonal design experiments. It was found that the hydrogen-bonding interaction between sinomenine and DESs was the main extraction driving force and there was no explicit relationship between the extraction ability and the hydrophobicity of the DESs. The DESs could be recycled and sinomenine could be recovered quantitatively via backextraction. High-purity sinomenine((95.0 ± 2.3)%) could be produced. These findings suggest that DESs are highly-effective solvents for the isolation of sinomenine and exhibit great potential for the extraction of other bio-active compounds.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21962008)Yunnan Province Excellent Youth Fund Project (202001AW070005)+1 种基金Candidate Talents Training Fund of Yunnan Province (2017PY269SQ,2018HB007)Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young&Elite Talents Project (YNWR-QNBJ-2018-346)。
文摘Ni-Fe bimetallic electrodes are currently recognized as a kind of benchmark transition metal-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.Facile synthesis of Ni-Fe bimetallic electrode materials with excellent catalytic activity and satisfied stability by a simple and low-cost route is still a big challenge.Herein,well-defined Ni-Fe nanoparticles in-situ developed on a planar Fe substrate(Ni-Fe NPs/Fe)is fabricated via a facile one-step galvanic replacement reaction(GRR)carried out in an Ethaline-based deep eutectic solvent(DES).The prepared Ni-Fe NPs/Fe exhibits outstanding OER performance,which needs an overpotential of only 319 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),with a small Tafel slope of 41.2 mV dec^(-1) in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH,high mass activity(up to 319.78 A g^(-1) at an overpotential of 300 mV)and robust durability for 200 h.Impressively,the Ni-Fe bimetallic oxygen-evolution electrode obtained from the Ethaline-based DES is catalytically more active and durable than that of its counterpart derived from the 4.2 mol L^(-1) NaCl aqueous solution.The reason for this is mainly related to the different morphology and surface state of the Ni-Fe catalysts obtained from these different solvent environments,particularly for the differences in phy-chemical properties,active species formed and deposition kinetics,offered by the Ethaline-based DES.
基金Projects(50771041,50801019)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20080430909)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(HITQNJS.2008.018)supported by Development Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Harbin Institute of Technology,China
文摘Using general multi-phase-field model,detailed microstructures corresponding to different initial lamellar sets were simulated in a binary eutectic alloy with an asymmetric phase diagram.The simulation results show that regular or unstable oscillating lamellar structures depend on the initial lamellar widths of two solid phases.A lamellar morphology map associating with the initial widths has been derived,which is capable of showing the condition of forming various lamella structures.For instance,a regular lamella was formed with fast solidification while large lamella resulted from disorder growth with low interfacial velocity. The investigated interface velocities indicate that with fast solidification to form regular lamella,a disorder growth manner or a large lamellar spacing causes a low interface velocity.These results are in good agreement with those proposed by Jackson-Hunt model.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Korea Institute of Materials Science(PNK7760 and PNK7770)the National Research Foundation of Korea(2020R1A2C2008416 and 2021M3H4A6A01049712)。
文摘In this study the partially divorced eutectic microstructure ofα-Mg andβ-Mg17Al12was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and phase-field modeling in hypoeutectic Mg-Al alloys.The orientation relationships between the individual eutecticαgrains,eutecticβphase,and primaryαgrains were investigated.While the amount of eutectic morphology is primarily determined by the Al content,the in-depth microstructure analyses and the phase-field simulation suggest non-interactive nucleation and growth of eutecticαphase in theβphase grown on the interdendritic primaryαdendrites.Also,phase-field simulations showed a preferred nucleation sequence where theβphase nucleates first and subsequently triggers the nucleation of eutecticαphase at the movingβphase solidification front,which supports the microstructural analysis results.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52120105007,51834010)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52222403).
文摘Fracturing fluid property play a critical role in developing unconventional reservoirs.Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)show fascinating potential for property improvement of clean fracturing fluids(CFFs)due to their low-price,low-toxicity,chemical stability and flexible designability.In this work,DESs were synthesized by mixing hydrogen bond acceptors(HBAs)and a given hydrogen bond donor(HBD)to explore their underlying influence on CFF properties based on the intermolecular interactions.The hydrogen-bonding,van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between DES components and surfactants improved the CFF properties by promoting the arrangement of surfactants at interface and enhancing the micelle network strength.The HBD enhanced the resistance of CFF for Ca^(2+) due to coordination-bonding interaction.The DESs composed of choline chloride(ChCl)and malonic acid show great enhancement for surface,rheology,temperature resistance,salt tolerance,drag reduction,and gel-breaking performance of CFFs.The DESs also improved the gel-breaking CFF-oil interactions,increasing the imbibition efficiencies to 44.2%in 74 h.Adjusting HBAs can effectively strengthen the intermolecular interactions(e.g.,HBA-surfactant and HBD-surfactant interactions)to improve CFF properties.The DESs developed in this study provide a novel strategy to intensify CFF properties.
文摘From the Gibbs free energy and the equations of two-phase equilibrium curves of the two-dimensionalbinary system which has the Lennard-Jones potential, using the Collins model, the eutectic-type phase diagram and theperitectic-type phase diagram of the binary system are obtained, whose results are quite similar to the behavior of thethree-dimensional (3D) substances.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.51973073)the Fel owship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701303)the analytical and testing assistance from the Analysis and Testing Center of HUST for support of this work
文摘Thiol-ene click reaction is an intriguing strategy for preparing polymer electrolytes due to its high activity,atom economy and less side reaction.However,the explosive reaction rate and the use of non-electrolytic amine catalyst hamper its application in in-situ batteries.Herein,a nitrogen-containing eutectic solution is designed as both the catalyst of the thiol-ene reaction and the plasticizer to in-situ synthesize the gel polymer electrolytes,realizing a mild in-situ gelation process and the preparation of high-performance gel electrolytes.The obtained gel polymer electrolytes exhibit a high ionic conductivity of 4×10^(−4)S cm^(−1)and lithium-ion transference number(t_(Li)^(+))of 0.51 at 60°C.The as-assembled Li/LiFePO_(4)(LFP)cell delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 155.9 mAh g^(-1),and a favorable cycling stability with the capacity retention of 82%after 800 cycles at 1 C is also obtained.In addition,this eutectic solution significantly improves the rate performance of the LFP cell with high specific capacity of 141.5 and 126.8 mAh g^(-1)at 5 C and 10 C,respectively,and the cell can steadily work at various charge–discharge rate for 200 cycles.This powerful and efficient strategy may provide a novel way for in-situ preparing gel polymer electrolytes with desirable comprehensive performances.