Storage of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase from Dried Serum Spots: Matrix for Field Based Studies

Background: Gamma-glutamyltransferase is recognised as a biomarker to assess the harms associated with alcohol misuse. The objective ways to measure GGT in areas lacking central lab facilities are desirable. This study aims to measure GGT from dried serum spots and its storage from dried serum spots. Method: The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. One hundred and eighty (180) patients were included in the study. Their blood samples were collected. The serum samples were spotted onto filter paper (Whatman 903) dried and stored at 4°C. The GGT levels were measured on the day of collection and at various time periods to assess the effect of storage. All the analysis was performed on SPSS version 21. Result: The GGT levels measured from fresh serum GGT levels mean (SD) 286.5 (539.4) correlated well with their respective dried serum levels 287.18 (538.2) (P = 0.80). The mean recovery of GGT from dried serum was observed to be 103.3%. A sub-sample (n = 12) was stored at 4°C. The dried serum spots were found to be stable at the end of four weeks using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P = 0.39). Conclusion: This method has the potential to be used for epidemiological or field based studies to assess harms associated with alcohol use.

Model based on γ-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase for hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis

AIM: To determine the prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: We analyzed the outcome of 172 HCC patients who underwent liver resection. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of ALP and GGT. Then, preoperative risk factors for survival were evaluated by multivariate analysis. Based on the significant factors, aprognostic score model was established.RESULTS: By ROC curve analysis, ALP > 120 U/L and GGT > 115 U/L were considered elevated. Overall survival(OS) and tumor-free survival(TFS) for patients with elevated ALP and GGT were significantly worse than for patients with ALP and GGT within the normal range. Multivariate analysis showed that the elevated levels of ALP, GGT and tumor size were independent prognostic factors. Giving each positive factor as a score of 1, we established a preoperative prognostic score model. The 5-year OS for patients with a score of 0, 1, 2 and 3 were 84.0%, 45.9%, 44.1% and 0%, respectively, while the TFS was 80.6%, 40.0%, 38.8% and 0%, respectively. When combining patients with scores of 1 and 2 into the middle risk group, and patients with scores of 0 and 3 into the low-risk and highrisk groups, respectively, different outcomes would be significantly distinguished by the risk groups.CONCLUSION: Elevated ALP and GGT levels were risk predictors in HCC patients. Our prognostic model might vary the outcomes of patients from different risk groups.

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase activity in Iranian healthy blood donor men

AIM: To determine serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and to assess their correlation with demographic and clinical findings in healthy blood donors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 934 male blood donors, aged 18 to 68 years, who consecutively attended Tehran blood transfusion service in 2006. All participants were seronegative for HBV or HCV infections, non alcohol users, and all underwent a standard interview and anthropometric tests. Clinical and biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, and GGT activities were determined. Patients taking drugs known to cause hepatic fat deposition were excluded. For AST, ALT, and GGT variables, we used 33.33 and 66.66 percentiles, so that each of them was divided into three tertiles. RESULTS: Mean AST, ALT, and GGT activities were 25.26 ± 12.58 U/L (normal range 5-35 U/L), 33.13 ± 22.98 (normal range 5-35 U/L), and 25.11 ± 18.32 (normal range 6-37 U/L), respectively. By univariate analyses, there were significant associations between increasing AST, ALT, or GGT tertiles and age, body weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences (P < 0.05). By multiple linear regression analyses, ALT was found to be positively correlated with dyslipidemia (B = 6.988, P = 0.038), whereas ALT and AST were negatively correlated with age. AST, ALT, and GGT levels had positive correlation with family history of liver disease (B = 15.763, P < 0.001), (B = 32.345, P < 0.001), (B =24.415, P < 0.001), respectively.CONCLUSION: Although we did not determine the cutoffs of the upper normal limits for AST, ALT, and GGT levels, we would suggest screening asymptomatic patients with dyslipidemia and also subjects with a family history of liver disease.

Combination of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase in predicting the diagnosis of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis

BACKGROUND Gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) is one of the most important laboratory tests for the evaluation of liver damage. Through a long-term clinical observation of patients with secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis, we found that most patients had abnormal GGT serum levels.AIM To investigate the combination of serum GGT and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in predicting the diagnosis of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical data of 829 patients with cholecystolithiasis admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from August 2014 to August 2017 were collected. Among these patients,151 patients had secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis and served as the observation group, and the remaining 678 cholecystolithiasis patients served as the control group. Serum liver function indexes were detected in both groups,and the receiver operating characteristic(commonly known as ROC) curves were constructed for markers showing statistical significances. The cutoff value,sensitivity, and specificity of each marker were calculated according to the ROC curves.RESULTS The overall incidence of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis was 18.2%. The results of liver function indexes including serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin levels showed no significant differences between the two groups(P> 0.05). However, the serum GGT and ALP levels were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.881(95%CI: 0.830-0.932), 0.647(95%CI: 0.583-0.711) and 0.923(0.892-0.953) for GGT, ALP, and GGT + ALP,respectively. The corresponding cut-off values of GGT and ALP were 95.5 U/L and 151.5 U/L, sensitivity were 90.8% and 65.1%, and specificity were 83.6% and59.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of GGT + ALP were 93.5% and85.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION An abnormally elevated serum GGT level has an important value in the diagnosis of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis.The combination of serum GGT and ALP has better diagnostic performance. As a convenient, rapid and inexpensive test, it should be applied in secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis routine screening.

Abnormal expression of hepatoma- derived γ-glutamyltransferase subtyping and its early alteration for carcinogenesis of hepatocytes

BACKGROUND: Although the hepatoma-specific band of gamma-glutamyltransferase ( GGT ) is a highly sensitive marker in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, the kine- tic expression and the early alterations of GGT in the deve- lopment of hepatoma remain unclear. In this study, we in- vestigated the expression and the alterations of GGT multi- ple molecular forms in hepatotumorigenesis. METHODS: The expression of GGT in a chemically in- duced hepatocarcinogenesis model was examined by giving 0. 05% of 2-fluoenylacetamide in diet for 12 weeks. The ex- pression levels of total RNA and GGT, and the changes of liver pathology, GGT multiple molecular forms and sugar- chain heterogeneity were investigated at the different stages of rat hepatoma development. RESULTS: Pathological examination and biochemical ana- lysis found that liver GGT was over-expressed and secreted into blood during canceration. Serum total GGT and liver GGT specific activities (IU/g) including soluble and mem- brane-combined GGT were significantly higher (P <0.05) in experimental groups than those in control group, respec- tively. A highly positive correlation was found between to- tal GGT activities and total RNA levels (r =0.90, P <0.05) of the liver. Both were higher six weeks later than before. Con A-non-reactive-GGT was increased consistantly dur- ing the development of rat hepatoma. GGT multiple mo- lecular forms in the liver and sera of experimental rats showed that fetal liver-type GGT bands were associated with the development of hepatoma. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal liver-type GGT in sera and the liver of rats is closely related to hepatotumorigenesis. It can be used as a sensitive enzymatic marker for the early diagnosis of liver cancer.

Diagnostic value of gamma-glutamyltransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratio, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II, and alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Researchers have investigated the diagnostic value of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and obtained abundant clinical diagnostic data. However, PIVKA-II and AFP have unsatisfactory specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of early-stage HBV-related HCC. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are common biomarkers for evaluating liver function, and we hypothesized that the γ-GT/AST ratio in combination with PIVKA-II and AFP would improve the diagnosis of early-stage HBV-related HCC. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of γ-GT/AST ratio alone or in combination with PIVKA-II and AFP in HBV-related HCC. METHODS Serum levels of γ-GT, AST, PIVKA-II, and AFP were detected and analysed in 176 patients with HBV-related HCC and in 359 patients with chronic hepatitis B. According to tumour size and serum level of HBV DNA, HBV-related HCC patients were divided into the following categories: Early-stage HCC patients, HCC patients, HBV DNA positive (HBV DNA+) HCC patients, and HBV DNA negative (HBV DNA-) HCC patients. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse and compare the diagnostic value of the single and combined detection of various biomarkers in different types of HBV-related HCC. RESULTS Tumour size was positively correlated with serum levels of PIVKA-II and AFP in HCC patients (r = 0.529, aP < 0.001 and r = 0.270, bP < 0.001, respectively), but there was no correlation between tumour size and the γ-GT/AST ratio (r = 0.073, P = 0.336). The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of the γ-GT/AST ratio in early-stage HCC patients, HBV DNA+ HCC patients and HBV DNA- HCC patients were not significantly different from that in the total HCC patients (0.754, 0.802, and 0.705 vs 0.779, respectively;P > 0.05). When PIVKA-II was combined with the γ-GT/AST ratio in the diagnosis of earlystage HCC, HCC, and HBV DNA+ HCC, the AUROCs of PIVKA-II increased, with values of 0.857 vs 0.835, 0.925 vs 0.913, and 0.958 vs 0.954, respectively. When AFP was combined with the γ-GT/AST ratio in the diagnosis of early-stage HCC, HCC, HBV DNA+ HCC, and HBV DNA- HCC, the AUROCs of AFP increased, with values of 0.757 vs 0.621, 0.837 vs 0.744, 0.868 vs 0.757, and 0.840 vs 0.828, respectively. CONCLUSION The γ-GT/AST ratio may be better than PIVKA-II and AFP in the diagnosis of early-stage HBV-related HCC, and its combination with PIVKA-II and AFP can improve the diagnostic value for HBV-related HCC.

Fractionation of gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease

AIM To assess how serum gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) fractions vary in patients with alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 14 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic liver diseases and 9 patients with biopsy proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition to these biopsy-proven cases, 16 obese(body mass index > 25) patients without any history of alcohol consumption but with a fatty liver on ultrasound examination and with elevated GGT were included for an additional analysis. Serum GGT fractionation was conducted by high-performance gel filtration liquid chromatography and was separated into the four fractions, big-GGT, medium-GGT, small-GGT(s-GGT), and free-GGT(f-GGT).RESULTS The results were expressed as a ratio of each fraction including the total GGT(t-GGT). The s-GGT/t-GGT ratioswere lowest for the control group and highest for the ALD group. The differences between the control and NAFLD groups and also between the NAFLD and ALD groups were statistically significant. In contrast, the f-GGT/t-GGT ratios were highest in the control group and lowest in the ALD group, with the differences being statistically significant. As a result, the s-GGT/f-GGT ratios were markedly increased in the NAFLD group as compared with the control group. The increase of the s-GGT/t-GGT ratios, the decrease of the f-GGT/t-GGT ratios, and the increase of s-GGT/F-GGT ratios as compared with the control group subjects were also found in obese patients with clinically diagnosed fatty change of the liver.CONCLUSION Serum GGT fractionation by high-performance gel filtration liquid chromatography is potentially useful for the differential diagnosis of ALD and NAFLD.

Helicobacter,gamma-glutamyltransferase and cancer:Further intriguing connections

Virulence of Helicobacter pylori,Helicobacter suis and other bacteria appears to be partly mediated through a release of gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT),an enzyme activity capable of promoting biochemical reactions ultimately resulting in damage to gastric epithelium and suppression of immune response.Recently published studies show that secretion of bacterial GGT occurs in the form of exosome-like vesicles.Very similar GGT-rich exosomes have been described to originate from human cancer cells,and the hypothesis is thus forwarded that in the resistant and invasive phenotype of malignant cells such vesicular/exosomal GGT may play roles akin to those described for Helicobacter infection,thus providing a significant contribution to the establishment of cancer metastases.

2型糖尿病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶与颈动脉粥样硬化的关联性

目的采用观察性研究及孟德尔随机化(MR)分析探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)之间的关联性。方法选取2020年1月至2023年6月该院内分泌科收治的符合诊断标准的354例T2DM患者作为研究对象,将其中247例CAS患者作为CAS组,107例无CAS患者作为无CAS组,分析比较两组患者的基线特征。基于全基因组关联研究的汇总数据,采用两样本MR分析探讨GGT与CAS之间的因果关联。MR分析采用血清GGT水平相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,使用逆方差加权法(IVW)作为主要分析方法,辅以MR-Egger回归法和加权中位数法(WM),采用异质性检验、多效性检验和逐个剔除检验进一步进行敏感性分析。结果CAS组与无CAS组血清GGT水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IVW结果不支持血清GGT水平与CAS之间存在因果效应(GGT→颈动脉内膜厚度:P=0.423;GGT→AS:P=0.345);MR-Egger回归法及WM的结果与IVW一致,也不支持血清GGT水平与CAS之间存在因果效应。多效性检验结果显示,该研究不存在水平多效性(GGT→颈动脉内膜厚度:MR-Egger回归截距=0.00,P=0.262;GGT→AS:MR-Egger回归截距=0.00,P=0.059)。结论观察性研究和MR分析结果均不支持血清GGT水平与CAS之间存在因果关联。

CRP、PCT、γ-GT联合检测对新生儿高胆红素血症感染的评估价值

目的探究C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,γ-GT)联合检测对新生儿高胆红素血症感染的预测效能。方法选择高胆红素血症患儿80例,根据预后结局将其分为感染组17例和非感染组63例。比较2组血清中性粒细胞比例、血清淀粉样蛋白A、血小板、CRP、PCT、γ-GT水平。分析高胆红素血症患儿并发感染的影响因素。评估CRP、PCT、γ-GT及联合检测对新生儿高胆红素血症并发感染的预测效能。结果80例高胆红素血症患儿中并发感染17例,发生率为20.99%。感染组患儿血清CRP、PCT、γ-GT水平高于非感染组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清CRP水平升高是高胆红素血症患儿并发感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC分析结果显示,血清CRP、PCT、γ-GT水平单一及联合预测高胆红素血症患儿并发感染的AUC分别为0.713(95%CI:0.601~0.827)、0.707(95%CI:0.602~0.813)、0.673(95%CI:0.551~0.795)、0.802(95%CI:0.713~0.912),联合检测预测效能高于单一检测(P<0.05)。结论血清CRP、PCT、γ-GT水平是新生儿高胆红素血症感染的影响因素,联合检测在新生儿高胆红素血症感染中预测效能较高。

GGT、ALP和外周血NLR联合检测在肝癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)和外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)联合检测在肝癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性选取2012年1月至2020年12月广西医科大学附属武鸣医院收治的100例肝癌患者纳入肝癌组,100例肝硬化患者纳入肝硬化组,100例肝炎患者纳入肝炎组,另选取本院同期健康体检者100人纳入健康体检组。比较四组受试者的GGT、ALP、NLR水平,采用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评价各指标对肝癌的诊断效能。结果肝癌组患者的NLR、GGT和ALP水平均显著高于肝硬化组、肝炎组和健康体检组(P<0.05);肝硬化组患者的NLR显著高于健康体检组和肝炎组(P<0.05);肝硬化组和肝炎组患者的GGT和ALP均显著高于健康体检组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,NLR与GGT、ALP均呈正相关,GGT与ALP呈正相关(P<0.05)。NLR、GGT和ALP单独检测诊断肝癌时,NLR的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)最大,为0.943(95%CI:0.901~0.971,P<0.001),ALP的AUC最小。三者联合检测的AUC为0.987(95%CI:0.959~0.998),敏感度为99.0%。结论NLR、GGT、ALP联合检测可显著提高肝癌的检出率,联合检测有更好的应用价值。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶与代谢综合征及血尿酸的相关性

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,γ-GT)水平与代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)、血尿酸(uric acid,UA)水平之间的相关性。方法161例NAFLD患者按初次血清γ-GT生化检测结果分成γ-GT升高组和γ-GT正常组,整理2组的人口学特征,检测MS各组分及血UA水平。根据体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、各生化指标、MS患病情况依次分组比较正常组和异常组NAFLD患者血清γ-GT升高发生率,探索NAFLD患者血清γ-GT升高与MS各组分、血UA水平的相关性。结果γ-GT升高组NAFLD患者的收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、血UA以及包括三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、LDL-C/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C/HDL-C)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、糖化白蛋白(glycosylated albumin,GSA)在内的MS各组分指标均高于γ-GT正常组(P<0.05)。检验分析显示在高TG血症组、LDL-C升高组、高血糖组、高UA血症组、MS组,NAFLD患者血清γ-GT升高的发生率均增加(P<0.05)。进一步控制年龄、性别因素后,NAFLD患者血清γ-GT水平与血UA和MS各组分(除HDL-C外)指标水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,血UA水平、MS组分个数与NAFLD患者血清γ-GT密切相关(P<0.05)。结论NAFLD患者血清γ-GT升高可反映其发生MS及高UA血症的风险增加。

肝纤维化指标、外周血常规指标和GPR对重度慢性乙型 肝炎的诊断价值及其相关性分析

目的评价肝纤维化指标[透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽(PⅢNP)和Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)]、外周血常规指标[包括红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、白细胞计数(WBC)、淋巴细胞计数(LY)、平均血小板体积(MPV)和血小板计数(PLT)]、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)与PLT比值(GPR)对重度慢性乙型肝炎的诊断价值及其相关性。方法选取2022年1月至2023年6月该院收治的120例重度慢性乙型肝炎患者作为观察组,根据Child-Pugh肝功能分级分为A、B、C级,另选取同期100例健康体检者作为对照组。采集两组清晨空腹静脉血5 mL,采用放射免疫法检测肝纤维化指标,采用全自动血细胞分析仪以速率法检测外周血常规指标,采用全自动生化分析仪以速率法检测GGT,并计算GPR。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,统计曲线下面积(AUC),评估肝纤维化指标、外周血常规指标、GPR对重度慢性乙型肝炎的诊断价值,并对各项指标进行相关性分析。结果观察组HA、LN、PⅢNP和ⅣC水平均明显高于对照组,且肝功能越差HA、LN、PⅢNP和ⅣC水平越高,A级<B级<C级,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组WBC和PLT均低于对照组,且A、B级PLT均高于C级,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组RDW、MPV和GPR均高于对照组,且A级<B级<C级,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,肝纤维化指标、外周血常规指标、GPR诊断重度慢性乙型肝炎的灵敏度、特异度均较高,AUC分别为0.985、0.892、0.773。WBC、LY、PLT与肝纤维化指标均呈负相关(P<0.05),RDW、MPV与肝纤维化指标均呈正相关(P<0.05);GPR与肝纤维化指标均呈正相关(P<0.05);WBC、LY、PLT与GPR均呈负相关(P<0.05),RDW、MPV与GPR均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论肝纤维化指标、外周血常规指标、GPR对重度慢性乙型肝炎均有较高的诊断价值,WBC、RDW、LY、MPV、PLT和GPR的变化可用来判断慢性乙型肝炎的肝纤维化程度。

COPD急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭患者血清CysC、GGT水平与循环指标变化

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭患者血清胱抑素C(CysC)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)及凝血纤溶指标、胸腔内血容积指数、血管外肺水指数变化和意义。方法 选取COPD急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭患者76例为合并呼吸衰竭组,即观察组,COPD急性加重期未并发呼吸衰竭患者50例为对照组。采集患者入院24 h内的空腹外周静脉血,离心分离血清和血浆,检测血清CysC、GGT水平及血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1、组织型纤溶酶原激活物浓度。采用经肺热稀释法测定胸腔内血容积指数、血管外肺水指数。收集两组患者性别、年龄、COPD病程及并发症情况,出院后进行6个月随访,根据不良预后发生情况将患者分为预后良好组和预后不良组。结果 合并呼吸衰竭组患者血清CysC、GGT水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。合并呼吸衰竭组患者血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、组织型纤溶酶原激活物浓度明显低于对照组,血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。合并呼吸衰竭组患者胸腔内血容积指数明显低于对照组,血管外肺水指数明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。预后不良组患者血清CysC、GGT水平及血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1浓度、血管外肺水指数明显高于预后良好组,血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、组织型纤溶酶原激活物浓度及胸腔内血容积指数明显低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清CysC、GGT水平及抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1、组织型纤溶酶原激活物、胸腔内血容积指数、血管外肺水指数对患者预后均具有较高的预测价值(P<0.05),各指标联合检测的预测价值最高(AUC=0.945)。结论 COPD急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭患者血清CysC、GGT水平及血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1浓度、血管外肺水指数明显升高,血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、组织型纤溶酶原激活物浓度及胸腔内血容积指数明显降低,联合检测在患者预后评估中具有较高的预测价值。

血清白蛋白、γ-谷氨酰转移酶水平与成人特发性膜性肾病发生高尿酸血症的关系

目的 分析血清白蛋白、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GTP)水平与成人特发性膜性肾病(IMN)发生高尿酸血症(HUA)的关系。方法 选择2020年1月—2021年12月河北大学附属医院肾内科收治的IMN患者136例,根据是否患有HUA将患者分为HUA组36例和非HUA组100例。收集临床相关资料,检测血清白蛋白、γ-GTP水平,Pearson法分析血清白蛋白、γ-GTP水平与尿酸(UA)水平的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析IMN患者发生HUA的危险因素,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清白蛋白、γ-GTP诊断IMN患者发生HUA的价值。结果 HUA组血清白蛋白低于非HUA组,血清γ-GTP水平高于非HUA组(t/P=6.591/<0.001、10.147/<0.001)。Pearson相关分析显示,HUA组血清白蛋白与UA水平呈负相关(r/P=-0.737/<0.001),γ-GTP水平与UA水平呈正相关(r/P=0.774/<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血肌酐高、高血压、γ-GTP高是IMN患者发生HUA的危险因素[OR(95%CI)=2.064(1.136~3.754)、1.514(1.087~2.109)、1.349(1.102~1.650)],血清白蛋白高是其保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.674(0.481~0.944)]。ROC曲线分析显示,血清白蛋白、γ-GTP及二者联合诊断IMN患者发生HUA的曲线下面积为0.785、0.768、0.908,二者联合诊断效能高于单项指标(Z/P=2.814/0.012、3.715/<0.001)。结论 IMN合并HUA患者血清白蛋白水平降低,γ-GTP水平升高,且与尿酸水平增高及HUA发生有关。

血清尿酸与γ-谷氨酰转移酶在2型糖尿病患者中的相关性分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清尿酸(UA)与γ-谷氨酰转移酶酸(GGT)及其他危险因子间的关系,为预防和治疗心脑血管疾病和代谢性疾病,判断其预后提供临床依据。方法 纳入2020年1—9月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院住院的49例T2DM患者作为试验组,30例正常体检者作为对照组。检测两组人群的GGT、UA、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、舒张压、收缩压、总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)等项目,比较各个项目的相关性;分别以试验组和对照组中的UA和GGT为因变量,上述指标作为自变量行多元线性回归分析。结果 试验组各项检测指标与对照组相比均升高,其中FPG和HbA1c水平升高最明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组GGT和UA水平的高低与FPG、HbA1C、舒张压、收缩压、TC和TG均有相关性,对照组中只有GGT和UA水平具有相关性。多元线性分析显示,试验组的FPG与血清UA呈正相关,收缩压与血清GGT呈负相关,舒张压与血清GGT呈正相关。结论 T2DM是代谢综合征的主要表现形式,GGT、UA水平与心血管疾病和代谢性疾病的发生、发展密切相关。

肝脏剪切波弹性成像联合GGT/PLT比值诊断慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化价值研究

目的 探讨肝脏超声剪切波弹性成像(SWE)联合γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)/血小板(PLT)比值(GPR)诊断慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝纤维化的效能。方法 2021年2月~2022年12月我院收治的CHB患者130例,均接受肝穿刺活组织检查。使用超声检测肝脏杨氏模量值,常规检测血清GGT和全血PLT计数,计算GGT/PLT比值。采用Kappa检验分析各诊断方法与病理学诊断CHB患者肝纤维化结果的一致性,应用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUROCs)评估各指标诊断CHB患者肝纤维化的效能。结果 在130例CHB患者中,经肝组织学检查,诊断F0、F1、F2、F3和F4期肝纤维化分别93例、14例、8例、12例和3例,其中显著性肝纤维化23例;F3期肝纤维化患者GGT/PLT比值和杨氏模量值分别为0.5(0.4,0.7)和(10.4±1.5)kPa, F2期分别为0.4(0.3,0.6)和(8.9±1.6)kPa,均显著大于F1期[分别为0.4(0.3,0.5)和(7.3±1.2)kPa,P<0.05];经AUROCs分析结果显示,GGT/PLT比值、杨氏模量值或两者联合诊断CHB患者肝纤维化与组织病理学诊断结果一致性较好(Kappa=0.42,Kappa=0.50和Kappa=0.63,P<0.05);应用GGT/PLT比值联合杨氏模量值诊断CHB患者显著性肝纤维化的AUC为0.83(95%CI:0.76~0.94),其灵敏度和特异度分别为83.8%和83.9%,显著优于两指标单一诊断(P<0.05)。结论 应用GGT/PLT比值和SWE检测辅助诊断CHB患者肝纤维化有一定的临床价值,值得进一步探讨。

痛风急性发作危险因素分析

目的分析痛风急性发作的危险因素。方法4649例痛风患者根据是否处于急性发作期分为急性组(302例,痛风急性期)和慢性组(4347例,痛风慢性期),采用单因素分析法及多因素Logistic回归分析法分析痛风急性发作的相关因素和危险因素。结果两组血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、尿酸、肾小球滤过率、合并痛风石比较,P均<0.05。多因素分析显示,高GGT、AST、GLU、TG、BUN、CREA及合并痛风石是痛风急性发作的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论GGT、AST、GLU、TG、BUN、CREA及合并痛风石是痛风急性发作的危险因素。

Nomogram模型用于胆道闭锁早期诊断的效能验证

目的对当前热门的胆道闭锁(biliary atresia,BA)Nomogram预测模型进行单中心数据验证,并评估其诊断效能。方法回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院2009—2020年因婴儿梗阻性黄疸行手术探查的631例患儿临床资料,根据术中胆道探查及造影结果分为胆道闭锁组(500例)和非胆道闭锁组(131例)。在Nomogram模型中输入同一患儿的性别、体重、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(gamma-glutamyltransferase,GGT)和直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DB)数值,得到该患儿预测为BA的风险概率。分别按手术年份和手术时日龄对患儿进行分组。将患儿BA预测概率值与其他肝功能数值在同一坐标系内绘制受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,得到诊断BA的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、灵敏度、特异度,评估该Nomogram预测模型对BA患儿早期诊断的准确性。结果按手术年份分组,性别、术前体重、手术时日龄和GGT在每个年份亚组内BA患儿和非BA患儿中的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),ALP和DB的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在前期组(2009—2014年)和后期组(2015—2020年)的对比中,前期组Nomogram模型和GGT单独诊断的AUC值、灵敏度均明显优于后期组;前期组Nomogram模型的AUC=0.865、灵敏度为84.1%,GGT的AUC=0.851、灵敏度为85.8%;后期组Nomogram模型的AUC=0.787、灵敏度为68.2%,GGT的AUC=0.813、灵敏度为65.2%。按手术时日龄分层,日龄≤50 d和81~90 d的患儿中,Nomogram模型的AUC分别为0.806和0.866,均低于GGT的0.807和0.896;而日龄51~60 d、61~70 d、71~80 d和>90 d的患儿中Nomogram模型的AUC值均高于GGT。结论Nomogram预测模型诊断BA较单一指标诊断有较高的AUC值和灵敏度,但在手术时日龄≤50 d或>80 d的患儿中诊断BA的AUC值较GGT单独诊断要低,因此采用该模型对所有日龄的患儿进行BA预测可能不够准确。

紫癜性肾炎病儿转谷氨酰胺酶-2的表达及其意义

目的探讨转谷氨酰胺酶-2(TG2)在紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)病儿中的表达及其意义。方法选取过敏性紫癜(HSP)病儿91例作为研究对象,根据是否并发肾脏损伤,分为HSPN组(39例)和非HSPN组(NHSPN组,52例);另选取同期体检的30例健康儿童作为正常对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测各组儿童血清及尿液中TG2的水平,并对HSPN组病儿尿液TG2水平与血清TG2水平、24 h尿蛋白定量进行相关性分析;利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估尿液TG2水平对HSPN的诊断效能。结果HSPN组、NHSPN组及对照组儿童血清TG2水平差异无显著性(P>0.05),HSPN组病儿尿液TG2水平明显低于对照组及NHSPN组(t=4.906、6.944,P<0.01);HSPN组病儿尿液TG2水平与24 h尿蛋白定量呈负相关(r=-0.89,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,尿液TG2水平诊断HSPN的曲线下面积为0.857,95%置信区间为0.767~0.948;HSP病儿尿液TG2诊断HSPN的最佳阈值为0.32μg/L,此时其诊断灵敏度为0.795,特异度为0.892。结论HSPN病儿尿液TG2水平明显降低,且与24 h尿蛋白定量呈负相关;尿液TG2可作为早期诊断和预测HSP并发肾损伤的有效指标。