Volumetric fraction distribution measurement is a constituent part of process tomography system in oil-water-gas multiphase flow. With the technological development of nuclear radial inspection, dual-energy γ-ray tec...Volumetric fraction distribution measurement is a constituent part of process tomography system in oil-water-gas multiphase flow. With the technological development of nuclear radial inspection, dual-energy γ-ray techniques make it possible to investigate the concentration of the different components on the cross-section of oil-water-gas multiphase pipe-flow. The dual-energy gamma-ray technique is based on materials attenuation coefficients measurement comprised of two radioactive isotopes of 241Am and 241Cs which have emission energies at 59.5 keV and 662 keV in this project. Nuclear instruments and data acquisition system were designed to measure the material’s attenuation dose rate and a number of static tests were conducted at the Multiphase Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Three phases of oil-water-gas media were inves- tigated for their possible use to simulate different media volumetric fraction distributions in experimental vessels. Attenuation intensities were measured, and the arithmetic of linear attenuation coefficients and the equations of volumetric fractions were studied. Investigation of an unexpected measurement error from attenuation equations revealed that a modified arithmetic was involved and finally the system achieved acceptable accuracy in experimental research.展开更多
This paper discusses the principle and mathematical method to measure the phase fractions of multiphase flows by using a dual-energy gamma-ray system. The dual-energy gamma-ray device is composed of radioactive isotop...This paper discusses the principle and mathematical method to measure the phase fractions of multiphase flows by using a dual-energy gamma-ray system. The dual-energy gamma-ray device is composed of radioactive isotopes of 241Am and 137Cs with emission energies of 59.5 keV and 662 keV respectively. A rational method to calibrate the absorption coefficient was introduced in detail. The statistical error has been analyzed on the basis of the accurate absorption coefficient which enables determination phrase fractions almost independent of the flow regime. Improvement has been achieved on the measurement accuracy of phase fractions.展开更多
A separation methodology to isolate natural uranium from its radioactive daughters： Th, Ra, Bi, Pb, Pa and Po, was developed using an only one anion exchange resin and varying concentrations of HC1 solutions. Three t...A separation methodology to isolate natural uranium from its radioactive daughters： Th, Ra, Bi, Pb, Pa and Po, was developed using an only one anion exchange resin and varying concentrations of HC1 solutions. Three types of anion exchange resins were tested and the separation process was followed by gamma and alpha spectrometry. Uranium can be quantitatively isolated from its descendants using Dowex IX8 （20-50 mesh） or Amerlite IRA （100 mesh） resins in three steps： using 4 and 8 mol/L-1 HCI and water to recover uranium. The method is easy, quick, and inexpensive.展开更多
A research was carried out to determine the period of time during which it is possible to reduce the radiation damage in mice by means of laser radiation （650 nm） after gamma irradiation. First, the mice were expose...A research was carried out to determine the period of time during which it is possible to reduce the radiation damage in mice by means of laser radiation （650 nm） after gamma irradiation. First, the mice were exposed to γ- radiation （whole body irradiation）, then after 2 h or 24 h they were irradiated with laser radiation. The results of these studies have shown that the use of laser irradiation to reduce radiation damage in mice is effective 24 h after the exposure to 5 Gy ionizing radiation which leads to the bone-marrow clinical form of the ARS （Acute radiation sickness）. In case of the lethal dose of ionizing radiation 7 Gy （the transitional clinical form of the ARS）, the increase in life expectancy of mice is observed using laser radiation both 2 and 24 h after the exposure to γ- radiation, but the effectiveness of the laser used 2 h after the ionizing radiation is significantly more efficient.展开更多
Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gefitinib combined with γ-ray stereo-tactic radiotherapy for senile patients with adenocarcinoma of lung as the first-line regimen. Methods: ...Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gefitinib combined with γ-ray stereo-tactic radiotherapy for senile patients with adenocarcinoma of lung as the first-line regimen. Methods: The 153 senile patients with adenocarcinoma of lung were divided into 4 groups according to the therapy method. Group A was the 35 patients treated with gefitinib combined with γ-ray stereotactic radiotherapy. Group B was the 45 patients treated with γ-ray stereotactic radio-therapy. Group C was the 42 patients treated with gefitinib. Group D was the 31 patients treated with best supportive therapy. The patients received gefitinib of 250 mg/d from the first day until disease progression or other reasons. The patients were treated with γ-ray stereotactic radiotherapy from the second day. Dose curve of this group of cases was 50%-80%. Encircled dose was 4.0-6.5 Gy per fraction and the range of total dose was 36-48 Gy. The total number of treatment was 8-12 and treated six times every week. Results: All the patients were examined by enhanced double helix CT at the second month. The tumor response rate (RR) of group A was 68.6% (24/35). Disease control rate (DCR) was 88.6% (31/35). The median survival time (MST) was 13.4 months (range 3-34 months ) and the progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.8 months. The overall 1-year survival rate was 40.0% (14/35). The main side effects included skin rash and diarrhea. The RR of group B was 51.1% (23/45). DCR was 71.1% (32/45). MST was 9.6 months (range, 3-18 months ) and PFS was 5.3 months. The overall 1-year survival rate was 15.6 % (7/45). The RR of group C was 40.5 % (17/42). DCR was 61.9% (26 /42). MST was 10.3 months (range, 3-26 months ) and PFS was 5.1 months. The overall 1-year survival rate was 35.7 % (15/42). The main side effects included skin rash and diarrhea. The MST of group D was 5.6 months (range, 2-11 months ) and PFS was 1.7 months. The overall 1-year survival rate was 0. The short-term therapeutic effects (RR) of group A was higher than group C (P = 0.014 < 0.05, χ2 = 6.053) but has no significant difference with group B (P = 0.116 > 0.05, χ2 = 2.477). The long-term therapeutic effects (overall 1-year survival rate) of group A was higher than group B (P = 0.014 < 0.05, χ2 = 6.077) but has no significant difference with group C (P = 0.642 > 0.05, χ2 = 0.216). Conclusion: Gefitinib combined with γ-ray stereotactic radiotherapy is feasible and effective for treatment in senile patients with adenocarcinoma of lung as the first-line regimen.展开更多
Experiments were performed to study the action of fractionated irradiation of mice heads with γ-rays and protons on their peripheral blood parameters and behavior by the ＂Open Field＂ test. Mice were irradiated in t...Experiments were performed to study the action of fractionated irradiation of mice heads with γ-rays and protons on their peripheral blood parameters and behavior by the ＂Open Field＂ test. Mice were irradiated in two variants of fractionated irradiation： （1） traditional fractionation （in radiation therapy）： 2 Gy once a day, 5 times a week, the total radiation dose 20 Gy; （2） extreme hypofractionation： 10 Gy once a week, on Mondays, the total radiation dose 20 Gy. The results of the study showed that irradiation of mice heads has no effect on their peripheral blood parameters in both variants of the applied fractionated irradiation and the behavior of mice does not depend on the type of ionizing radiation and the variant of fractionated exposure that we used. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the option of extreme hypofractionation we have chosen can successfully replace traditional fractionation, which in some cases is applied when carrying out radiotherapy for treating brain tumors. The application of this type of fractionation can lead to shorter terms of radiotherapy and bigger patient capacity of medical centers that conduct radiotherapy.展开更多
文摘Volumetric fraction distribution measurement is a constituent part of process tomography system in oil-water-gas multiphase flow. With the technological development of nuclear radial inspection, dual-energy γ-ray techniques make it possible to investigate the concentration of the different components on the cross-section of oil-water-gas multiphase pipe-flow. The dual-energy gamma-ray technique is based on materials attenuation coefficients measurement comprised of two radioactive isotopes of 241Am and 241Cs which have emission energies at 59.5 keV and 662 keV in this project. Nuclear instruments and data acquisition system were designed to measure the material’s attenuation dose rate and a number of static tests were conducted at the Multiphase Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Three phases of oil-water-gas media were inves- tigated for their possible use to simulate different media volumetric fraction distributions in experimental vessels. Attenuation intensities were measured, and the arithmetic of linear attenuation coefficients and the equations of volumetric fractions were studied. Investigation of an unexpected measurement error from attenuation equations revealed that a modified arithmetic was involved and finally the system achieved acceptable accuracy in experimental research.
文摘This paper discusses the principle and mathematical method to measure the phase fractions of multiphase flows by using a dual-energy gamma-ray system. The dual-energy gamma-ray device is composed of radioactive isotopes of 241Am and 137Cs with emission energies of 59.5 keV and 662 keV respectively. A rational method to calibrate the absorption coefficient was introduced in detail. The statistical error has been analyzed on the basis of the accurate absorption coefficient which enables determination phrase fractions almost independent of the flow regime. Improvement has been achieved on the measurement accuracy of phase fractions.
文摘A separation methodology to isolate natural uranium from its radioactive daughters： Th, Ra, Bi, Pb, Pa and Po, was developed using an only one anion exchange resin and varying concentrations of HC1 solutions. Three types of anion exchange resins were tested and the separation process was followed by gamma and alpha spectrometry. Uranium can be quantitatively isolated from its descendants using Dowex IX8 （20-50 mesh） or Amerlite IRA （100 mesh） resins in three steps： using 4 and 8 mol/L-1 HCI and water to recover uranium. The method is easy, quick, and inexpensive.
文摘A research was carried out to determine the period of time during which it is possible to reduce the radiation damage in mice by means of laser radiation （650 nm） after gamma irradiation. First, the mice were exposed to γ- radiation （whole body irradiation）, then after 2 h or 24 h they were irradiated with laser radiation. The results of these studies have shown that the use of laser irradiation to reduce radiation damage in mice is effective 24 h after the exposure to 5 Gy ionizing radiation which leads to the bone-marrow clinical form of the ARS （Acute radiation sickness）. In case of the lethal dose of ionizing radiation 7 Gy （the transitional clinical form of the ARS）, the increase in life expectancy of mice is observed using laser radiation both 2 and 24 h after the exposure to γ- radiation, but the effectiveness of the laser used 2 h after the ionizing radiation is significantly more efficient.
基金Supported by a grant from the Clinical Medicine Sciences Foundation of Jiangsu University (No. JLY20080085)
文摘Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gefitinib combined with γ-ray stereo-tactic radiotherapy for senile patients with adenocarcinoma of lung as the first-line regimen. Methods: The 153 senile patients with adenocarcinoma of lung were divided into 4 groups according to the therapy method. Group A was the 35 patients treated with gefitinib combined with γ-ray stereotactic radiotherapy. Group B was the 45 patients treated with γ-ray stereotactic radio-therapy. Group C was the 42 patients treated with gefitinib. Group D was the 31 patients treated with best supportive therapy. The patients received gefitinib of 250 mg/d from the first day until disease progression or other reasons. The patients were treated with γ-ray stereotactic radiotherapy from the second day. Dose curve of this group of cases was 50%-80%. Encircled dose was 4.0-6.5 Gy per fraction and the range of total dose was 36-48 Gy. The total number of treatment was 8-12 and treated six times every week. Results: All the patients were examined by enhanced double helix CT at the second month. The tumor response rate (RR) of group A was 68.6% (24/35). Disease control rate (DCR) was 88.6% (31/35). The median survival time (MST) was 13.4 months (range 3-34 months ) and the progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.8 months. The overall 1-year survival rate was 40.0% (14/35). The main side effects included skin rash and diarrhea. The RR of group B was 51.1% (23/45). DCR was 71.1% (32/45). MST was 9.6 months (range, 3-18 months ) and PFS was 5.3 months. The overall 1-year survival rate was 15.6 % (7/45). The RR of group C was 40.5 % (17/42). DCR was 61.9% (26 /42). MST was 10.3 months (range, 3-26 months ) and PFS was 5.1 months. The overall 1-year survival rate was 35.7 % (15/42). The main side effects included skin rash and diarrhea. The MST of group D was 5.6 months (range, 2-11 months ) and PFS was 1.7 months. The overall 1-year survival rate was 0. The short-term therapeutic effects (RR) of group A was higher than group C (P = 0.014 < 0.05, χ2 = 6.053) but has no significant difference with group B (P = 0.116 > 0.05, χ2 = 2.477). The long-term therapeutic effects (overall 1-year survival rate) of group A was higher than group B (P = 0.014 < 0.05, χ2 = 6.077) but has no significant difference with group C (P = 0.642 > 0.05, χ2 = 0.216). Conclusion: Gefitinib combined with γ-ray stereotactic radiotherapy is feasible and effective for treatment in senile patients with adenocarcinoma of lung as the first-line regimen.
文摘Experiments were performed to study the action of fractionated irradiation of mice heads with γ-rays and protons on their peripheral blood parameters and behavior by the ＂Open Field＂ test. Mice were irradiated in two variants of fractionated irradiation： （1） traditional fractionation （in radiation therapy）： 2 Gy once a day, 5 times a week, the total radiation dose 20 Gy; （2） extreme hypofractionation： 10 Gy once a week, on Mondays, the total radiation dose 20 Gy. The results of the study showed that irradiation of mice heads has no effect on their peripheral blood parameters in both variants of the applied fractionated irradiation and the behavior of mice does not depend on the type of ionizing radiation and the variant of fractionated exposure that we used. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the option of extreme hypofractionation we have chosen can successfully replace traditional fractionation, which in some cases is applied when carrying out radiotherapy for treating brain tumors. The application of this type of fractionation can lead to shorter terms of radiotherapy and bigger patient capacity of medical centers that conduct radiotherapy.
