高纯Al-Ti中间合金的制备工艺研究及应用

Al-Ti中间合金是一种铝加工行业应用广泛的中间合金。本文以海绵钛为原料,采用金属熔配法制备Al-Ti中间合金,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分析手段研究了制备的Al-Ti中间合金中TiAl3相的含量、形貌和显微组织。同时,本文还分析了Al-Ti中间合金的合成机理,结果表明当反应温度为1100~1200℃,以海绵钛为原料可以制备出富含TiAl3相的Al-Ti中间合金,TiAl3相均匀分布,绝大多数以长条状、针状分布于铝基体中。

烧结法制备Al-Ti-B中间合金粉体

采用TiO_(2)粉、CaO、Al粉和B_(2)O_(3)为原料,经混匀、压片、烧结后,制备出了Al-Ti-B中间合金粉末。利用XRD、SEM-EDS、XPS等表征手段,对烧结产物的物相组成、微观形貌和原子价态进行分析。结果表明,在钙铝比1.6、钛硼比5、1485℃烧结20 min的条件下,烧结产物的主要物相为Al_(3)Ti、TiB_(2)、Al、CaAl_(4)O_(7)和CaAl_(2)O_(4);烧结产物中Al_(3)Ti呈块状,TiB_(2)呈小颗粒状,两者均匀分布在铝基体中;TiO_(2)在反应中存在逐级还原的现象。烧结法可以制备出Al-Ti-B中间合金粉体。

Effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on tensile and bending properties of high-Al-containing Mg alloys

This study investigates the effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on the uniaxial tensile and three-point bending properties of extruded Mg alloys containing high Al contents.The extruded Mg–9Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ91)alloy contains lamellar-structured Mg_(17)Al_(12)discontinuous precipitates along the grain boundaries,which are formed via static precipitation during natural air cooling.The extruded Mg–11Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ111)alloy contains spherical Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates at the grain boundaries and inside the grains,which are formed via dynamic precipitation during extrusion.Due to inhomogeneous distribution of precipitates,the AZ111 alloy consists of two different precipitate regions:precipitate-rich region with numerous precipitates and finer grains and precipitate-scarce region with a few precipitates and coarser grains.The AZ111 alloy exhibits a higher tensile strength than the AZ91 alloy because its smaller grain size and more abundant precipitates result in stronger grain-boundary hardening and precipitation hardening effects,respectively.However,the tensile elongation of the AZ111 alloy is lower than that of the AZ91 alloy because the weak cohesion between the dynamic precipitates and the matrix facilitates the crack initiation and propagation.During bending,a macrocrack initiates on the outer surface of bending specimen in both alloys.The AZ111 alloy exhibits higher bending yield strength and lower failure bending strain than the AZ91 alloy.The bending specimens of the AZ91 alloy have similar bending formability,whereas those of the AZ111 alloy exhibit considerable differences in bending formability and crack propagation behavior,depending on the distribution and number density of precipitates in the specimen.In bending specimens of the AZ111 alloy,it is found that the failure bending strain(ε_(f,bending))is inversely proportional to the area fraction of precipitates in the outer zone of bending specimen(A_(ppt)),with a relationship ofε_(f,bending)=–0.1A_(ppt)+5.86.

Mechanical properties and interfacial characteristics of 6061 Al alloy plates fabricated by hot-roll bonding

This work aims to investigate the mechanical properties and interfacial characteristics of 6061 Al alloy plates fabricated by hotroll bonding(HRB)based on friction stir welding.The results showed that ultimate tensile strength and total elongation of the hot-rolled and aged joints increased with the packaging vacuum,and the tensile specimens fractured at the matrix after exceeding 1 Pa.Non-equilibrium grain boundaries were formed at the hot-rolled interface,and a large amount of Mg_(2)Si particles were linearly precipitated along the interfacial grain boundaries(IGBs).During subsequent heat treatment,Mg_(2)Si particles dissolved back into the matrix,and Al_(2)O_(3) film remaining at the interface eventually evolved into MgO.In addition,the local IGBs underwent staged elimination during HRB,which facilitated the interface healing due to the fusion of grains at the interface.This process was achieved by the dissociation,emission,and annihilation of dislocations on the IGBs.

Preheating-assisted solid-state friction stir repair of Al-Mg-Si alloy plate at different rotational speeds

Additive friction stir deposition(AFSD)is a novel structural repair and manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in the past five years.In this work,the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of the Al-Mg-Si alloy plate repaired by the preheating-assisted AFSD process were investigated.To evaluate the tool rotation speed and substrate preheating for repair quality,the AFSD technique was used to additively repair 5 mm depth blind holes on 6061 aluminum alloy substrates.The results showed that preheat-assisted AFSD repair significantly improved joint bonding and joint strength compared to the control non-preheat substrate condition.Moreover,increasing rotation speed was also beneficial to improve the metallurgical bonding of the interface and avoid volume defects.Under preheating conditions,the UTS and elongation were positively correlated with rotation speed.Under the process parameters of preheated substrate and tool rotation speed of 1000 r/min,defect-free specimens could be obtained accompanied by tensile fracture occurring in the substrate rather than the repaired zone.The UTS and elongation reached the maximum values of 164.2MPa and 13.4%,which are equivalent to 99.4%and 140%of the heated substrate,respectively.

Synergistic effect of gradient Zn content and multiscale particles on the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with coupling distribution of coarse-fine grains

This study investigated the influence of graded Zn content on the evolution of precipitated and iron-rich phases and grain struc-ture of the alloys,designed and developed the Al–8.0Zn–1.5Mg–1.5Cu–0.2Fe(wt%)alloy with high strength and formability.With the increase of Zn content,forming the coupling distribution of multiscale precipitates and iron-rich phases with a reasonable matching ratio and dispersion distribution characteristics is easy.This phenomenon induces the formation of cell-like structures with alternate distribu-tion of coarse and fine grains,and the average plasticity–strain ratio(characterizing the formability)of the pre-aged alloy with a high strength is up to 0.708.Results reveal the evolution and influence mechanisms of multiscale second-phase particles and the corresponding high formability mechanism of the alloys.The developed coupling control process exhibits considerable potential,revealing remarkable improvements in the room temperature formability of high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.

Effect of Sc on Al_(3)Fe phase and mechanical properties of as-cast AA5052 aluminum alloy

The AA5052 aluminum alloy is widely used in automobile and aerospace manufacturing,and with the development of light-weight alloys,it is required that these materials exhibit better mechanical properties.Previous studies have demonstrated that the addition of Sc to aluminum alloys can improve both the microstructure and properties of the alloys.In this study,the effect of Sc on the Fe-rich phase and properties of the AA5052 aluminum alloy was studied by adding 0%,0.05%,0.2%,and 0.3%Sc.The results show that with the increase of Sc,the coarse needle-like Fe-rich phase gradually transforms into Chinese-script and then nearly spherical particles,reduce the size of Fe-rich phase,and refine the grain with increase of high angle grain boundaries(HAGBs).These microstructure changes enhance the strength of the AA5052 alloy through Sc addition.The ductility of the alloy is obviously improved because the addition of a lower amount of Sc changes the morphology of Fe-rich phase from needle-like into a Chinese-script,and it is subsequently reduced as a result of significant increase in HAGBs with increasing Sc content.

Assessing efficacy of standard impregnation techniques on die-cast aluminum alloys using X-ray micro-CT

Utilizing lightweight Al alloys in various industrial applications requires achieving precise pressure tightness and leak requirements.Vacuum pressure impregnation(VPI)with thermosetting polymers is commonly used to address leakage defects in die-cast Al alloys.In this study,the efficacy of the VPI technique in sealing alloy parts was investigated using a combination of nondestructive micro X-ray computed tomography(micro XCT)and a standard leak test.The results demonstrate that the commonly used water leak test is insufficient for determining the sealing performance.Instead,micro XCT shows distinct advantages by enabling more comprehensive analysis.It reveals the presence of a low atomic number impregnates sealant within casting defects,which has low grey contrast and allows for visualizing primary leakage paths in 3D.The effective atomic number of impregnated resin is 6.75 and that of Al alloy is 13.69 by dual-energy X-ray CT.This research findings will contribute to enhancing the standard VPI process parameters and the properties of impregnating sealants to improve quality assurance for impregnation in industrial metals.

Micro-aluminum powder with bi-or tri-component alloy coating as a promising catalyst:Boosting pyrolysis and combustion of ammonium perchlorate

A novel design of micro-aluminum(μAl)powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer,such as:Ni-P and Ni-P-Cu(namely,Al@Ni-P,Al@Ni-P-Cu,respectively),as combustion catalysts,were introduced to release its huge energy inside Al-core and promote rapid pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate(AP)at a lower temperature in aluminized propellants.The microstructure of Al@Ni-P-Cu demonstrates that a three-layer Ni-P-Cu shell,with the thickness of~100 nm,is uniformly supported byμAl carrier(fuel unit),which has an amorphous surface with a thickness of~2.3 nm(catalytic unit).The peak temperature of AP with the addition of Al@Ni-P-Cu(3.5%)could significantly drop to 316.2℃ at high-temperature thermal decomposition,reduced by 124.3℃,in comparison to that of pure AP with 440.5℃.It illustrated that the introduction of Al@Ni-P-Cu could weaken or even eliminate the obstacle of AP pyrolysis due to its reduction of activation energy with 118.28 kJ/mol.The laser ignition results showed that the ignition delay time of Al@Ni-P-Cu/AP mixture with 78 ms in air is shorter than that of Al@Ni-P/AP(118 ms),decreased by 33.90%.Those astonishing breakthroughs were attributed to the synergistic effects of adequate active sites on amorphous surface and oxidation exothermic reactions(7597.7 J/g)of Al@Ni-P-Cu,resulting in accelerated mass and/or heat transfer rate to catalyze AP pyrolysis and combustion.Moreover,it is believed to provide an alternative Al-based combustion catalyst for propellant designer,to promote the development the propellants toward a higher energy.

Al-Ti-B微观组织对7085铝合金细化效果的影响

为比较三种Al-Ti-B的微观组织对7085铝合金晶粒尺寸、硬度及电导率的影响,利用金相显微镜、SEM、维氏硬度计和涡流导电仪等检测设备,研究了经Al-Ti-B中间合金细化后的7085铝合金显微组织与力学性能。结果表明:三种Al-Ti-B中的TiAl_(3)、TiB_(2)相形貌与平均尺寸无明显差异,微观组织缺陷较少。两种Al-5Ti-0.2B中TiB_(2)粒径尺寸分布区间较窄的细化效果较优,将Zr质量分数为0.1%的7085铝合金晶粒细化至168μm;Al-5Ti-1B中TiB_(2)粒径分布区间较窄且含量较高,可将该合金晶粒细化至112μm。窄的粒径分布区间、高的拟合度、异质形核核心数量的提升对细化效果产生积极作用,一定程度抑制了Zr“毒化”现象,改善了硬度及电导率性能。

热处理工艺对Nb-Ti-Al基低密度铌合金力学性能及组织形貌的影响

将Nb-Ti-Al基低密度铌合金在不同的高温条件下进行热加工处理,并对合金涂层后的试样在1300℃高温熔烧30 min,利用INSTRON4505型万能试验机、金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析仪对热处理后试样的室温(25℃)力学性能(抗拉强度бb、屈服强度б0.2和延伸率)、金相组织、断口形貌等进行了对比分析。结果表明,当熔烧温度(t≥900℃)每升高100℃,抗拉强度下降9.23%,屈服强度下降9.11%,延伸率下降9.59%,晶粒度增大比例为21.43%,在熔烧温度高于1200℃时试样仅测出抗拉强度值就断裂了,表现出铌合金试样随着熔烧温度梯度的升高,样品基材的力学性能下降,晶粒度和硬度不断增大,塑性和韧性不断下降的规律。

Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Based Techniques for Numerical Modeling and Prediction of Aluminum-5%Magnesium Alloy Doped with REM Neodymium

In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium doped with rare earth metal neodymium were evaluated. Fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium (0-0.9 wt%) neodymium. The single input (SI) to the fuzzy logic and artificial neural network models was the percentage weight of neodymium, while the multiple outputs (MO) were average grain size, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength elongation and hardness. The fuzzy logic-based model showed more accurate prediction than the artificial neutral network-based model in terms of the correlation coefficient values (R).

Al-Mg系合金中合金化元素作用及其对力学性能的影响

铝镁合金是轻量化材料应用领域中一种重要的金属材料,属于中高强度铝合金,具有较高的塑性、良好的耐蚀性以及优良的焊接性等优势,目前在航空航天、交通运输和军工制造等领域具有广阔的应用前景。笔者综述了铝镁合金力学性能特点以及用途,介绍了Al-Mg系合金中的强化机制,重点阐述了Al-Mg系合金中主合金化元素Mg及其含量对合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律及机理,详细论述了Mn、Zr、Ti、Sc、Er、Y等微合金化元素的作用以及对Al-Mg系合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。最后,结合Al-Mg系合金当前研究现状,提出了今后值得研究的方向。

Sr含量对Al-Si合金显微组织和热导率的影响

以纯铝、Al-20Si和Al-10Sr中间合金为原料,Sr为变质剂(含量为0.01%、0.02%、0.04%和0.06%,质量分数),制备了Al-7Si-xSr、Al-12Si-xSr和Al-20Si-xSr合金,研究了Sr含量对Al-Si合金相变储热材料显微组织及热导率的影响。利用Hot Disk热常数分析仪测量合金的热导率,通过扫描电镜观察及分析合金的显微组织。结果表明:在Al-Si合金中添加变质元素Sr会影响合金的热导率,Al-7Si-0.04Sr合金热导率较Al-7Si合金增加了73.47 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),Al-20Si-0.04Sr合金的热导率较Al-20Si合金增加了24.09 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),Al-12Si-0.04Sr合金的热导率较Al-12Si合金增加了17.79 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)。铝硅合金热导率的增长主要与α(Al)、共晶硅和初晶硅的形貌有关。经过Sr变质之后,Al-7Si合金中共晶Si立体形貌均由片层状转变为珊瑚状,Al-12Si和Al-20Si合金中共晶Si立体形貌由片层状转变为枝条状;其中,Al-7Si合金中α(Al)尺寸明显减少、排列紧密,二次枝晶臂间距逐渐减小;Al-20Si合金中的初晶Si尺寸明显减小,其形貌由多角的大块状变为小块状;α(Al)形态的转变不仅能够为自由电子的传输提供快速通道,而且还会使得共晶Si的排列更加规则,减少自由电子发生散射的几率,对合金的热导率影响较大。共晶Si由片层状转变为珊瑚状或枝条状,增加电子的平均自由程,有利于电子的传输。Al-20Si合金的热导率与初晶Si的形态有着重要联系,大尺寸且形状完整的初晶Si会发生晶格振动,会提高合金的热导率。

基于冷喷涂工艺的Mg-Zn-Al-Sn-Mn合金防腐Al涂层制备

采用冷喷涂技术在Mg-Zn-Al-Sn-Mn合金表面制备Al涂层,以提高其耐腐蚀性能。研究工作气体温度和压力对Al涂层显微组织和腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,随着气体温度和压力的升高,Al涂层的致密度和厚度均明显增加。高的气体温度能降低颗粒沉积的临界速度,并提高沉积效率。高的气体压力不仅提升机械结合质量,而且对沉积的涂层具有较强的夯实作用。由于孔隙的减少,Al涂层的耐蚀性随着气体温度和压力的升高而提高。Al(OH)_(3)和Al_(2)O_(3)等腐蚀产物可以堵塞涂层中的孔隙,并作为阻碍腐蚀的物理屏障,从而有效保护Mg合金免受腐蚀。

通过不同热挤压方式制备具有较优强塑性组合的新型Mg-5Sn-2Al-1Zn合金

制备新型Mg-5Sn-2Al-1Zn(TAZ521)合金。为提高合金的强度与塑性,采用正挤压(DE)和挤压-剪切(ES)两种工艺对该合金进行变形处理。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、EBSD和拉伸试验等方法研究均匀态和挤压态合金的显微组织演变、织构演变及强化机制。结果表明,正挤压态合金的力学性能得到改善;然而,合金表现出由粗晶和细小动态再结晶(DRXed)晶粒组成的双峰组织。经过挤压-剪切变形后的合金组织变得更加均匀,并且实现更好的强韧性结合,变形后合金的屈服强度(YS)、极限抗拉强度(UTS)和伸长率(EL)分别达到212 MPa、303 MPa和21.7%。晶粒细化和Mg2Sn析出物的钉扎效应对强度的提高起到重要作用,此外,延展性的提高归因于基面纤维织构的弱化和非基面滑移系的激活。

激光熔化沉积Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金晶粒尺寸预测及成形工艺优化

通过激光熔化沉积试验分析了工艺条件(送粉速度、扫描速度和激光功率)对Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金晶粒尺寸的影响,构建了晶粒尺寸预测模型,优化了成形工艺参数,给出了工艺参数最佳区间。结果表明,相较于激光功率和扫描速度,送粉速度对晶粒尺寸的影响最为显著;随着成形能量密度的增加,合金晶粒尺寸呈现出先减小后增大的演变趋势;采用回归方程构建的晶粒尺寸-工艺参数关系模型能准确预测不同工艺条件下激光熔化沉积Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金的平均晶粒尺寸,相对误差小于2%;通过响应面分析得到工艺参数最佳区间为:送粉速度2.8~3 g·min^(-1)、激光功率1000~1050 W、扫描速度4~5 mm·s^(-1)。

碳纳米管增韧Al-Mg合金复合材料的制备与性能研究

选择碳纳米管为增强相,通过搅拌铸造法制备了碳纳米管增韧Al-Mg合金复合材料,研究了碳纳米管的添加量对复合材料力学性能、微观组织以及韧性的影响,并探究了碳纳米管对Al-Mg合金的增韧机理。结果表明,掺入适量的碳纳米管后细化了Al-Mg合金复合材料的晶粒,晶粒尺寸约为80μm,当碳纳米管的添加量为0.8%(质量分数)时,复合材料的断口形貌最均匀。随着碳纳米管添加量的增大,复合材料的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、硬度均表现出先增大后降低的趋势,当碳纳米管的添加量为0.8%(质量分数)时,抗拉强度、断裂伸长率和硬度均达到了最大值,分别为208.6 MPa、15.8%和53.1 HB。适量碳纳米管的添加显著改善了Al-Mg合金的韧性,使断裂延伸率逐渐增大,屈服阶段延长,韧性得到提高,这是因为适量的碳纳米管添加后能够与合金发生较好的结合,并贯穿于合金的裂纹中,发挥出了桥联作用,阻碍了裂纹的萌生和扩展,从而改善了Al-Mg合金复合材料的韧性,延缓了合金的失效过程,延长了合金的屈服阶段。综上分析可知,碳纳米管的最佳添加量为0.8%(质量分数)。

电弧喷涂Zn-Al伪合金涂层耐腐蚀性能研究进展

通过在钢基体表面制备涂层可以很好地延长钢铁材料的服役时间,减少因腐蚀造成的重大事故和人员伤亡。相较于传统的纯Zn涂层、纯Al涂层以及Zn-Al合金涂层,Zn-Al伪合金涂层能够为基体材料提供长久有效的腐蚀防护,在钢铁材料的腐蚀防护中具有巨大的应用潜力。简述了Zn-Al伪合金涂层电弧喷涂制备工艺的特点;介绍了Zn、Al、Zn-Al合金及Zn-Al伪合金涂层在模拟海洋环境下的腐蚀防护原理;在此基础上从组分、喷涂工艺参数(喷涂距离、喷涂电流和喷涂电压)、元素掺杂(Mg、Si及Re)及后处理工艺(封孔、激光重熔)等角度,论述了其对Zn-Al伪合金涂层耐蚀性的影响;讨论了Zn-Al伪合金涂层防腐体系在桥梁、海洋钢结构件、地下运输管道中的应用现状;最后总结了目前研究工作中存在的挑战,提出了电弧喷涂Zn-Al伪合金涂层尚需深入研究的重点问题,为提高钢铁材料使用寿命提供了参考。

Sc和Si相互作用对铸造Al-Si-Sc合金组织和性能的影响

通常在铸造Al-Si合金加入Sc来改善合金的性能,但是Si和Sc的相互作用对合金组织和性能影响仍需要进一步深入研究。本文研究了不同含量的Si和Sc对合金组织和性能的影响,结果表明,Sc通过原位形成初生Al_(3)Sc作为α-Al异质形核质点从而细化α-Al晶粒;在凝固过程中,共晶反应生成了网格状AlSi_(2)Sc_(2)相,包晶反应形成了块状AlSi_(2)Sc_(2)相;两种AlSi_(2)Sc_(2)相都会消耗合金中Sc原子,从而降低了Al_(3)Sc的细化效果;Sc还变质共晶Si为更有序的纤维/片状结构,适当的Si与Sc的比可以避免AlSi_(2)Sc_(2)的形成;Al-6Si中Sc含量从0.3%增加至1%时,抗拉强度和屈服强度均上升,但由于AlSi_(2)Sc_(2)相的存在,其伸长率下降;当Sc含量为1%、Si含量从6%降至3%时,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别上升2%、12%和21%,主要是凝固过程中析出了Al_(3)Sc而非AlSi_(2)Sc_(2)相。最后,还讨论了Si-Sc交互作用对组织演变的机制。