Tackling application limitations of high-safetyγ-butyrolactone electrolytes:Exploring mechanisms and proposing solutions

Developing wide-temperature and high-safety lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)presents significant challenges attributed to the absence of suitable solvents possessing broad liquid range and non-flammability properties.γ-Butyrolactone(GBL)has emerged as a promising solvent;however,its incompatibility with graphite anode has hindered its application.This limitation necessitates a comprehensive investigation into the underlying mechanisms and potential solutions.In this study,we achieve a molecular-level understanding of the perplexing interphase formation process by employing in-situ spectroelectrochemical techniques and density function calculations.Our findings reveal that,even at high salt concentrations,GBL consistently occupies the primary Li^(+)solvation sheath,leading to extensive GBL decomposition and the formation of a high-impedance and inorganic-poor solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer.Contrary to manipulating solvation structures,our research demonstrates that the utilization of filmforming additives with higher reduction potential facilitates the pre-establishment of a robust SEI film on the graphite anode.This approach effectively inhibits GBL decomposition and significantly enhances the battery's lifespan.This study provides the first reported intrinsic understanding of the unique GBLgraphite incompatibility and offers valuable insights for the development of wide-temperature and high-safety LIBs.

浅谈GBL教学法在高校金属材料及热处理课程教学中的应用

随着信息技术的快速发展,GBL教学法逐渐成为高校教学中的一种新趋势。金属材料及热处理课程作为工科专业中的重要课程,其理论知识繁杂、实践操作复杂,传统教学方法难以激发学生的学习兴趣和提高学习效果。因此,有必要在高校金属材料及热处理课程教学中引入GBL教学法,以提高学生的学习积极性和学习效果。如何将GBL教学法更好地应用在金属材料及热处理课程教学中,提升教师的教学效果和学生的学习体验,是值得教育工作者深入探讨的重要课题。对此,通过阐述GBL教学法的定义与特点,分析高校金属材料及热处理课程应用GBL教学法的成效,进而探究高校金属材料及热处理课程应用GBL教学法的策略,以期为教育工作者提供有益的参考和借鉴。

Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Substituted-γ-butyrolactone Empolying Prolinol Type of Auxiliaries

Eleven (S)-(-)-bishydrocarbyl-(1-alkanoylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-methanol derivatives of three types were synthesized from L-proline, asymmtrically selective alkylation products were obtained by LDA treatment and alkylation using methyl 2-bromoethyl ether, and three types of chiral α-substituted-γ-butyrolactones were obtained by hydrolyzing the alkylation products, with %e.e. being up to 89 percent.

Promotional Effect of CoO(OH) on Selective Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to γ-Butyrolactone over Supported Ruthenium Catalyst

A decorated ruthenium catalyst was prepared by the coprecipitation method and used for the selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride(MA) to γ-butyrolactone(GBL). The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, TGDTG and N2 adsorption techniques. The characterization tests revealed that the catalyst carrier was composed of monoclinic zirconia(m-ZrO2) and hydroxyl cobalt oxide(CoO(OH)). The hydrogenation results showed that the content of CoO(OH), the reaction temperature, the hydrogen pressure and the reaction time significantly affected the catalytic selectivity to GBL. The promotional effect of CoO(OH) was remarkable, which led to an obvious increase in GBL selectivity. An 100% MA conversion and 92.0% selectivity to GBL were achieved over the Ru/ZrO2-CoO(OH)(35%) catalyst in water solvent under the conditions involving a reaction temperature of 180 ℃, a hydrogen pressure of 3.0 MPa, and a reaction time of 6 h.

大跨现浇混凝土GBL密肋空心楼盖施工监测与分析

以宝清县某工程为例,介绍了大跨现浇混凝土GBL密肋空心楼盖及其支架体系施工监测质量控制要点。结果表明,在混凝土浇筑全过程及张拉过程监测中,监测数据变化趋势与理论计算结果基本一致,应力数值相差不大。在混凝土浇筑过程及浇筑后的监测中,整体上支架底部的测点应变大于顶部测点应变,但支架顶部及底部整体应变数值波动较小。部分测点因施工荷载、温度影响造成监测点数据有所波动,但所有测点最大应力均未超出限值,因此在整个施工过程中架体处于安全状态。通过监测获得的最大应力与计算得出的最大应力相近,表明监测结果符合计算结果,可为类似工程提供参考。

The stable planar conformation of the γ-butyrolactone ring in solution

The conformations ofγ-butyrolactone ring in solution were deduced on the basis of ~1H NMR spectra of geminal protons of the butyrolactone ring.A series of optically pure(Z)-(-)-4-(1 -alkoxyl-1 -carbalkoxy-methylene)-5(R)[(1R)-menthyloxy]-γ-butyr-olactones with a stable planar conformation of γ-butyrolactone ring were found.

An Efficient Method for α-Alkylation of γ-Butyrolactone

This paper provides a simple, convenient and mild condition method for -alkylation of g-butyrolactone. Three types of (E)-a-alkenyl-g-butyrolactone compounds were synthesized by condensation of corresponding aldehydes and g-butyrolactone, using MeONa and EtONa as base. Then the a-alkyl-g-butyrolactones were gained by reducing the former alkenyl compounds through catalytic transfer hydrogenation under Pd/C catalyst with sodium hypophosphite at room temperature.

Highly Branched Poly(α-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone) from Ring-Opening Homopolymerization

New heteroleptic lanthanide complex [L1ILaN{Si(CH3)2}] (1) containing tridentate [ONO] ancillary ligand was synthesized from an acid-base ligand exchange reaction with ligands H2L1 and corresponding homoleptic lanthanide compound La[N{Si(CH3)3}2]3. Meanwhile, dimeric complexes [L1LaCl] (2) and [L1ILaCl] (3) were prepared from salt metathesis reaction between one equivalent of ligands H2LI,II, three equivalent of NaN{Si(CH3)3}2, and one equivalent of LaCl3. These compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (300 MHz) and elemental analysis. These complexes were used as catalysts in the ring-opening homopolymerization of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone. While compound 1 did not show any significant reactivity, compounds 2 and 3 gave significant amount of highly branched poly(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and Malvern’s triple detector GPCMax analysis in DMSO with molecular weights of over 500,000 Dalton. The glass-transition temperatures of the branched polymer samples were determined using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer, DMA Q800.

GBL金属箱体密肋式空心楼盖施工技术

现浇混凝土空心楼盖因为具有明显的施工优势以及能耗低、绿色环保的特点,所以被广泛应用到了建筑工程施工中。GBL金属箱体具有轻质、不燃、无破损、安装方便、节省施工费用等优点。采用GBL金属箱体密肋式空心楼盖可减轻建筑结构本身的自重、节约材料、降低建筑结构成本,且可缩短工期。本文对GBL金属箱体密肋式空心楼盖施工进行了具体分析,希望能对同行有所帮助。

GBL教学法在中职机械制图课程教学的应用探析

采用合理的教学方法有助于提升中职机械制图课程教学的效果。本文以Game-BasedLearning,简称GBL教学方法为研究视角,探究GBL教学方法在中职机械制图课程教学中的实践应用,从GBL教学法的理论与原则分析入手,通过教师引导、游戏载体、兴趣驱动的GBL教学法实施实践,对课堂教学与学生学习效果进行考核评价,并以此为标准评价GBL教学法的适用性与局限性。结果显示,在中职机械制图专业课程教学中,GBL教学法能有效激发学生的学习兴趣,提升探究学习的主动性与积极性,最终表现为学生知识、技能与核心素养的提升。最后根据教学实践中存在的问题,提出针对性的教学建议。

火电机组GBL型捞渣机系统的优化改造策略

当前,国内许多300 MW和600 MW级别火电机组的锅炉都配备了传统刮板式捞渣机(GBL型捞渣机)。其中不少机组甚至已投产服役了20年,部分GBL型捞渣机存在自动化程度不高,只能就地手动操控等需要解决的实际问题。研究了传统GBL型捞渣机控制系统的优化改造策略,提出了一种新形式的捞渣机水位监测方法,设计了一套捞渣机远程监测与控制系统,并成功应用于6台亚临界330MW供热机组。实际应用效果表明:该控制系统优化改造策略便于实施,可显著提高传统捞渣机水位测量的准确性;系统不仅实现了渣量的自动调整,而且提高了捞渣机的运行可靠性。该研究对同型捞渣机的优化改造工作极具参考意义。

GBL与PBL模式课程教学方法的研究与探索

提高课程教学质量必须关注教学方法的创新与改革,针对PBL与GBL模式相结合的教学方法对计算机公共基础课程开展了研究与实践。教学效果表明,该方法较好地提高了学生的学习兴趣与课堂教学效果,一定程度创新了教学方法。

GBL在教学中的应用研究

本文从分析GBL(Game-Based Learning,基于游戏的学习)的概念入手,阐述了GBL作为一种新型学习方式出现的意义,论述了GBL在实践教学中如何开展的关键步骤,并对教育游戏设计中的关键因素进行了探讨。

Continuous-flow synthesis of polysubstituted γ-butyrolactones via enzymatic cascade catalysis

Polysubstituted chiral γ-butyrolactones are the core structural units of many natural products and high value-added flavors and fragrances used in the food and cosmetic industry. Current enzymatic cascade synthesis of these molecules faces the problems of low enzyme activity and phase separation in batch reaction, resulting in low productivity. Herein, we report a new continuous-flow process to synthesize the optically pure Nicotiana tabacum lactone(3S,4S)-4a and whisky lactone(3R,4S)-4b from α,β-unsaturatedγ-ketoesters. A new ene reductase(ER) from Swingsia samuiensi(Ss ER) and a carbonyl reductase(Ss CR)were engineered by directed evolution to improve their activity and thermostability. The continuous-flow preparative reactions were performed in two 3D microfluidic reactors, generating(3S,4S)-4a(99% ee and87% de) and(3R,4S)-4b(99% ee and 98% de) with space-time yields 3 and 7.4 times higher than those of the batch reactions. The significant enhancement in the productivity of enzyme cascade catalysis brought by cutting-edge continuous microfluidic technology will benefit the general multi-enzyme catalytic systems in the future.

Stereodivergent synthesis ofα-fluoroα-azaarylγ-butyrolactones via cooperative copper and iridium catalysis

The development of stereodivergent synthetic methods to access all four stereoisomers of biologically importantα-fluoroγ-butyrolactones containing vicinal stereocenters is of great importance and poses a formidable challenge owing to ring strain and steric hindrance.Herein,a novel asymmetric[3+2]annulation ofα-fluoroα-azaaryl acetates with vinylethylene carbonate was successfully developed through Cu/Ir-catalyzed cascade allylic alkylation/lactonization,affording a variety of enantioenrichedα-fluoroγ-butyrolactones bearing vicinal stereogenic centers with high reaction efficiency and excellent levels of both stereoselectivity and regioselectivity(up to 98%yield,generally>20:1 dr and>99%ee).Notably,all four stereoisomers of these pharmaceutically valuable molecules could be accessed individually via simple permutations of two enantiomeric catalysts.In addition,other azaaryl acetates bearingα-methyl,α-chlorine orα-phenyl group were tolerated well in this transformation.Reaction mechanistic investigations were conducted to explore the process of this bimetallic catalysis based on the results of reaction intermediates,isotopic labelling experiments,and kinetic studies.

双金属Ni-Cu催化剂对顺酐选择性加氢产物的调控

【目的】为探索金属催化剂在α,β-不饱和羰基化合物上选择性加氢C-O、C-C双键的规律,设计了Ni-Cu双金属催化剂。【方法】通过蒸氨法制备一系列的Ni-Cu/SiO_(2)双金属催化剂,采用固定床装置进行常压顺酐(maleic anhydride,MA)加氢反应,研究了不同比例的Ni-Cu催化剂对顺酐选择性加氢产物的调控规律。【结果】Ni-Cu/SiO_(2)催化剂比表面积越大,氢气吸附能力越强,催化活性越高,其转化率均能达到99%以上。Ni、Cu含量和反应温度是影响顺酐选择性加氢产物分布的主要因素。Ni金属虽有利于γ-丁内酯(γ-butyrolactone,GBL)的生成,但其副产物丙酸较高。同时温度的升高也会造成酸类副产物上升,因此Ni金属适用于低温条件下的C-C加氢,主要生成丁二酸酐(succinic anhydride,SA);Cu金属参与反应得到的酸类副产物少,GBL+SA选择性高,因此Cu金属则更适用于高温条件下的C-O加氢,γ-丁内酯为主要产物。【结论】本研究结果能为顺酐加氢制γ-丁内酯联产丁二酸酐工艺大规模工业化生产提供参考。

基于GBL理论的新闻学实践教学微课程设计研究

GBL(Game Based Learning)又称学习游戏化,主要指在游戏化学习观点的指导下,在教学过程中就培养目标与发展,评价手段方面,结合学习者年龄、知识水平、心理特征和教学策略等。在关于游戏化学习的研究中,国外对于游戏化学习的理论研究相较于国内来说比较早,并且在很早就已经把游戏化学习的教学观念应于教学和培训之中,通过理论与实践相结合的路径,在一定程度上达到了比较好的教学和培训效果。在新闻学实践微课程教学中,基于学习游戏化的学理与微课教学融合,将这一方法创新应用于新闻学实践教学中。

基于GBL教学法的中职《机械CAD》课程教学改革研究

中职《机械CAD》课程在传统的教学中大多采用机械性训练的方式进行授课,这种教学模式中学生被动学习,导致教学效果不理想。因此如何在教学中激发学生学习的能动性成为了一个重要的难题。本文立足于解决上述问题展开研究,创设出一种"在玩中学"的GBL教学法,创造出一个良好的学习气氛,使学生自主学习,提高学生对专业知识和技能的掌握。

Some New Exact Traveling Wave Solutions for the Generalized Benney-Luke (GBL) Equation with Any Order

In the paper, a auxiliary equation expansion method and its algorithm is proposed by studying a second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a four-degree term. The method is applied to the generalized Ben-ney-Luke (GBL) equation with any order. As a result, some new exact traveling wave solutions are obtained which singular solutions, triangular periodic wave solutions and jacobian elliptic function solutions .This algorithm can also be applied to other nonlinear wave equations in mathematical physics.

英国GBL公司改进生物丁醇生产工艺获得资助

英国GBL公司是一家总部位于牛津的绿色生物制剂公司，长期致力于将生物质转化为可再生燃料和化学品的研究与开发，并取得了大量具有世界领先水平的技术和成果。最近，该公司与Physiomics公司以及North Energy公司合作得到了Carbon Trust公司提供的26．8万英磅的科研资助金，用于进一步研发可再生丁醇先进工艺。