Isomeric pair 95m,g Nb in the photonuclear reactions on natMo at the bremsstrahlung end-point energy of 38–93 MeV

The ^(nat)Mo(γ,xnp)^(95m,g)Nb photonuclear reaction was studied using the electron beam from the NSC KIPT linear accelerator LUE-40.The experiment was performed using the activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique.The experimental isomeric yield ratio(IR) was determined for the reaction products ^(95m,g)Nb at the bremsstrahlung end-point energy E_(γmax) range of 38-93 MeV.The obtained values of IR are in satisfactory agreement with the results of other studies and extend the range of previously known data.The theoretical values of the yields Y_(m,g)(E_(γmax)) and the IR for the isomeric pair ^(95m,g)Nb from the ^(nat)Mo(γ,xnp) reaction were calculated using the partial cross-sections σ(E) from the TALYS1.95 code for six different level density models.For the investigated range of E_(γmax),the theoretical dependence of IR on energy was confirmed-the IR smoothly increases with increasing energy.The comparison showed a noticeable difference(more than 3.85 times) in the experimental IR relative to all theoretical estimates.

Cross-sections of photonuclear reactions ^(65)Cu(γ, n)^(64)Cu and ^(63)Cu(γ, xn)^(63−x)Cu in the energy range E_(γmax) = 35–94 MeV

The flux-averaged cross-sections<σ(E_(γmax))>for the reactions^(65)Cu(γ,n)^(64)Cu,^(63)Cu(γ,n)^(62)Cu,^(63)Cu(γ,2n)^(61)Cu,and^(63)Cu(γ,3n)^(60)Cu have been measured within the bremsstrahlung end-point energy E_(γmax)range of 35–94 MeV.The experiments were performed with the electron beam from the NSC KIPT linear accelerator LUE-40 with the use of the activation and off-lineγ-ray spectrometric techniques.Theoretical calculation of the flux-average cross-sections<σ(E_(γmax))>_(th)was conducted using the cross-sectionσ(E)values from the TALYS1.95 code,run with default options.It is shown that the experimental average cross-sections for the reactions^(65)Cu(γ,n)^(64)Cu,^(63)Cu(γ,n)^(62)Cu,and^(63)Cu(γ,2n)^(61)Cu are systematically higher than the theoretical estimates based on the TALYS1.95 code.The obtained<σ(E_(γmax))values supplement the data of different laboratories for the(γ,n)and(γ,2n)reactions of^(63)Cu and^(65)Cu.For the reaction^(63)Cu(γ,3n)^(60)Cu,the values of<σ(E_(γmax))>were measured for the first time.

Isomeric ratio of the ^(181)Ta(γ,3n)^(178m,g)Ta reaction products at energy Eγmax up to 95 MeV

The photoneutron reaction^(18)Ta(y,3m)(178m,g)Ta was investigated with the beam from the NSC KIPT electron linear accelerator LUE-40.The measurements were performed using the residual y-activity method.The bremsstrahlung flux-averaged cross sections((E_(γmax))>.(r(E_(γmax))>m.<r(E_(γmax))g and the isomerie ratio of the re-action products d(E_(γmax))were measured.The theoretical values of the averaged cross-sections and isomeric ratio were calculated using the partial cross-sections from the TALYS1.95 code for different level density models LD 1-6..The obtained experimental d(E_(γmax))agree with the data in the lterature,but differ from the theoretical values in ab-solute magnitude and the behavior of the energy dependence.A comparison of the determined averaged cross-sec-tions with the calculated cross sections showed the best agreement for the case of the LD 5 model.

Cross-sections for the 27Al(γ,x)22Na multichannel reaction with the 28.3 MeV difference of reaction thresholds

The bremsstrahlung flux-averaged cross-sections(σ(Eγmax))and the cross-sections per equivalent photon(σ(Eγmax)Q)were first measured for the photonuclear multichannel reaction ^(27)Al(γ,x)22 Na at end-point bremsstrahlung gamma energies ranging from 35 MeV to 95 MeV.The experiments were performed with the beam from the NSC KIPT electron linear accelerator LUE-40 using theγ-activation technique.The bremsstrahlung quantum flux was calculated with the GEANT4.9.2 program and was also monitored via the ^(100)Mo(γ,n)^(99)Mo reaction.The flux-averaged cross-sections were calculated using the partial cross-sectionσ(E)values computed with the TALYS1.95 code for different level density models.Consideration is given to special features of calculating the cross-sections<σ(Eγmax)>and<σ(Eγmax)Q>for the case of the final nucleus ^(22)Na via several partial channels x:nα+dt+npt+2 n^(3) He+n2d+2 npd+2 p3 n.

Measurements of ^(nat) Cd(γ,x)reaction cross sections and isomer ratio of ^(1,5m.g)Cd with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50 and 60 MeV

The flux-weighted average cross sections ^(nat) Cd(γ,xn)^(115g,m,111m,109,107,105,104)Cd and ^(nat) Cd(γ,x)^113g,112,111g,110m)Ag reactions were measured at the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50 and 60 MeV.The activa tion and off-line y-ray spectrometric technique was carried out using the 100 MeV electron linear accelerator at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory,Korea.The ^(nat)lCd(γ,xn) reaction cross sections as a function of photon energy were theoretically calculated using the TALYS-1.95 and the EMPIRE-3.2 Malta codes.Then,the flux-weighted average cross sections were obtained from the theoretical values of mono-energetic photons.These values were compared with the flux-weighted values from the present study and were found to be in general agreement.The measured experimental reaction cross-sections and integral yields were described for cadmium and silver isotopes in the ^(nat)Cd(γ,xn)^(115g,m,111m,109,107,105,104) and ^(nat)Cd(γ,x)^(113g,112.111g,110m)Ag reactions.The isomeric yield ratio(IR) of ^(115g.m)Cd in the ^(nat)Cd(γ,xn) reaction was determined for the two bremsstrahlung end-point energies.The measured isomeric yield ratios of ^(115g,m)Cd in the ^(nat)Cd(γ,xn) reaction were also compared with the theoretical values of the nuclear model codes and previously published literature data of the ^(116)Cd(γ,x) and ^116(γ,2n) reactions.It was found that the IR value increases with increasing projectile energy,which demonstrates the characteristic of excitation energy.However,the higher IR value of ^(115g.m)Cd in the ^(116)Cd(n,2n)reaction compared to that in the ^(116)Cd(γ,x)reaction indicates the role of compound nuclear spin alongside excitation energy.