A knowledge of the tree-ring stable nitrogen isotope ratio(δ^(15)N)can deepen our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics by indicating the long-term availability,cycling and sources of nitrogen(N).However,the rad...A knowledge of the tree-ring stable nitrogen isotope ratio(δ^(15)N)can deepen our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics by indicating the long-term availability,cycling and sources of nitrogen(N).However,the radial mobility of N blurs the interannual variations in the long-term N records.Previous studies of the chemical extraction of tree rings before analysis had produced inconsistent results and it is still unclear whether it is necessary to pre-treat wood samples from specific tree species to remove soluble N compounds before determining theδ^(15)N values.We compared the effects of pre-treatment with organic solvents and hot ultrapure water on the N concentration andδ^(15)N of tree rings from endemic Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)growing in the interior of the central Qilian Mountains,China,during the last 60 a.We assessed the effects of different preparation protocols on the removal of the labile N compounds and investigated the need to pre-treat wood samples before determining theδ^(15)N values of tree rings.Increasing trends of the tree-ring N concentration were consistently observed in both the extracted and unextracted wood samples.The total N removed by extraction with organic solvents was about 17.60%,with a significantly higher amount in the sapwood section(P<0.01).Theδ^(15)N values of tree rings decreased consistently from 1960 to 2019 in both the extracted and unextracted wood samples.Extraction with organic solvents increased theδ^(15)N values markedly by about 5.2‰and reduced the variations in theδ^(15)N series.However,extraction with hot ultrapure water had little effect,with only a slight decrease in theδ^(15)N values of about 0.5‰.Our results showed that the radial pattern in the inter-ring movement of N in Qinghai spruce was not minimized by extraction with either organic solvents or hot ultrapure water.It is unnecessary to conduct hot ultrapure water extraction for the wood samples from Qinghai spruce because of its negligible effect on the removal of the labile N.Theδ^(15)N variation trend of tree rings in the unextracted wood samples was not influenced by the heartwood-sapwood transition zone.We suggest that theδ^(15)N values of the unextracted wood samples of the climate-sensitive Qinghai spruce could be used to explore the ecophysiological dynamics while focusing on the long-term variations.展开更多
The Paleocene coals of the Salt Range in the Punjab Province of Pakistan have great economic potential;however,their trace element and stable isotopic characteristics have not been studied in detail except for a few s...The Paleocene coals of the Salt Range in the Punjab Province of Pakistan have great economic potential;however,their trace element and stable isotopic characteristics have not been studied in detail except for a few sporadic samples.In this study,a total of 59 coal samples of which 14 are obtained from open cast mines have been investigated for elemental composition andδ^(13)C-δ^(15)N isotopic signatures.Average contents of trace elements such as Co,Cr,Cu,Pb,Sr,Th,U,V,and Zn are 7.4,41.7,11.2,12.5,90.2,4.0,1.9,128,and 31.1 mg/kg,respectively.These values,when compared with the World Coal Clarke values,were relatively higher in low-rank coals in comparison with Clarke values for brown coals.Likewise,As(20.4 mg/kg),Co(6.6 mg/kg),Cr(22.4 mg/kg),Cu(^(13).3 mg/kg),Pb(19.2 mg/kg),Sr(^(15)4.7 mg/kg),Th(2.5 mg/kg),V(47.8 mg/kg),and Zn(75.1 mg/kg)were significantly higher in the sub-bituminous to bituminous coals of the Salt Range.Mineralogical analysis,based on X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,revealed that the studied samples contain illite,kaolinite calcite,gypsum,pyrite,and quartz.Elemental affinity with organic and inorganic phases of coals calculated by an indirect statistical approach indicated a positive association of ash content with Ag,Al,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Mn,P,Rb,Pb,Th,U,and V,suggesting the presence of inorganic components in studied coals.However,As,Fe,Sr,and Zn exhibit negative correlations that imply their association with the organic fraction.Theδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N isotopic range and average−24.94‰to−25.86‰(−25.41‰)and−2.77‰to 3.22‰(0.96‰),respectively,reflecting 3C type modern terrestrial vegetation were common in the palaeomires of studied coal seams.In addition,the trivial variations of 0.92‰and 0.45‰among^(13)C and^(15)N values can be attributed to water level fluctuations and plant assemblies.展开更多
Fish otolithδ^(15) N(δ^(15) N_(oto))is a demonstrated source of information of dietary history for marine fi sh as it is available iN_(oto)lith archives and sedimentary deposits unlike white muscle tissue(WMT).WMT a...Fish otolithδ^(15) N(δ^(15) N_(oto))is a demonstrated source of information of dietary history for marine fi sh as it is available iN_(oto)lith archives and sedimentary deposits unlike white muscle tissue(WMT).WMT and stomach content data are insufficient for trophic level(TL)data of past fi shes which is important for the changes of marine fi shery resources over long time scales.To determine the correlation betweenδ^(15) N_(oto) and fi sh WMTδ^(15) N(δ^(15) N_(wmt))and the feasibility of usingδ^(15) N_(oto) in characterizing the TLs of marine fi shes,we conducted nitrogen stable isotope analysis(SIA)in the otolith and WMT of 36 marine fi sh species sampled from the Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea in 2011-2014.Bothδ^(15) N_(oto) andδ^(15) N_(wmt) were analyzed using an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer(EA-IRMS).Multiple otoliths were combined to make each otolith measurement and were analyzed as-is without a carbonate dissolution pre-processing step.δ^(15) N_(oto) andδ^(15) N_(wmt) comparisons for species in the Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea are currently lacking and would be helpful for both regional studies and for increasing the number of species for whichδ^(15) N_(oto) andδ^(15) N_(wmt) have been compared.Additionally,to determine the relative accuracy of trophic level calculated usingδ^(15) N_(oto),we compared TL calculated fromδ^(15) N_(oto) to traditional trophic level metrics calculated usingδ^(15) N_(wmt).The results showed a positive and highly signifi cant correlation(R=0.780,P<0.001)betweenδ^(15) N_(oto) andδ^(15) N_(wmt).Trophic level estimation using WMT(TL wmt)and otolith(TL oto)showed congruence in our study,which is not entirely surprising given thatδ^(15) N_(oto) was regressed againstδ^(15) N_(wmt) and the resulting regression coefficient was used to convertδ^(15) N_(oto) toδ^(15) N_(wmt) prior to calculating TL oto.This conversion was required in order to be consistent with previousδ^(15) N_(wmt)-based calculations of TL for comparison.TL oto calculations resulted in TL values that were largely within 5%-10%of TL values calculated withδ^(15) N_(wmt).Our fi ndings show thatδ^(15) N_(oto) is a feasible technique for characterizing the TLs of marine fi sh and can also assist in food web and marine ecosystem studies.展开更多
Stable isotopes are increasingly used to investigate seasonal migrations of aquatic organisms. This study employed stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) for Coilia nasus from the lower Yangtze River and the adja...Stable isotopes are increasingly used to investigate seasonal migrations of aquatic organisms. This study employed stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) for Coilia nasus from the lower Yangtze River and the adjacent East China Sea to distinguish different ecotypic groups, ascertain trophic nutrition positions, and reflect environmental influences on C. nasus. delta C-13 signatures of C. nasus sampled from Zhoushan (ZS), Chongming (CM), and Jingjiang (JJ) waters were significantly higher than those from the Poyang Lake (PYL) (P < 0.05). By contrast, delta N-15 signatures of C. nasus in ZS, CM, and JJ groups were significantly lower than those in PYL group (P < 0.05). Basing on delta C-13 and delta N-15 signatures, we could distinguish anadromous (ZS, CM, and JJ) and non-anadromous (PYL) groups. The trophic level (TL) of anadromous C. nasus ranged from 2.90 to 3.04, whereas that of non-anadromous C. nasus was 4.38. C. nasus occupied the middle and top nutrition positions in the marine and Poyang Lake food webs, respectively. C. nasus in Poyang Lake were significantly more enriched in delta N-15 but depleted in delta C-13, suggesting that anthropogenic nutrient inputs and terrigenous organic carbon are important to the Poyang Lake food web. This study is the first to apply delta N-15 and delta C-13 to population assignment studies of C. nasus in the Yangtze River and its affiliated waters. Analysis of stable isotopes (delta N-15 and delta C-13) is shown to be a useful tool for discriminating anadromous and non-anadromous C. nasus.展开更多
Background:The nitrogen isotope natural abundance(δ^(15)N)provides integrated information on ecosystem N dynamics,and carbon isotope natural abundance(δ^(13)C)has been used to infer how water-using processes of plan...Background:The nitrogen isotope natural abundance(δ^(15)N)provides integrated information on ecosystem N dynamics,and carbon isotope natural abundance(δ^(13)C)has been used to infer how water-using processes of plants change in terrestrial ecosystems.However,howδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N abundances in plant life and soils respond to N addition and water availability change is still unclear.Thus,δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N abundances in plant life and soils were used to investigate the effects of long-time(10 years)N addition(+50 kg N·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)and precipitation reduction(−30%of throughfall)in forest C and N cycling traits in a temperate forest in northern China.Results:We analyzed theδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of dominant plant foliage,litterfall,fungal sporophores,roots,and soils in the study.The results showed thatδ^(15)N values of foliage,litterfall,and surface soil layer’s(0–10 cm)total N were significantly increased by N addition,whileδ^(15)N values of fine roots and coarse roots were considerably decreased.Nitrogen addition also significantly increased theδ^(13)C value of fine roots and total N concentration of the surface soil layer compared with the control.The C concentration,δ^(13)C,andδ^(15)N values of foliage andδ^(15)N values of fine roots were significantly increased by precipitation reduction,while N concentration of foliage and litterfall significantly decreased.The combined effects of N addition and precipitation reduction significantly increased theδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of foliage as well as theδ^(15)N values of fine roots andδ^(13)C values of litterfall.Furthermore,foliarδ^(15)N values were significantly correlated with foliageδ^(13)C values,surface soilδ^(15)N values,surface soil C concentration,and N concentrations.Nitrogen concentrations andδ^(13)C values of foliage were significantly correlated withδ^(15)N values and N concentrations of fine roots.Conclusions:This indicates that plants increasingly take up the heavier 15N under N addition and the heavier 13C and 15N under precipitation reduction,suggesting that N addition and precipitation reduction may lead to more open forest ecosystem C and N cycling and affect plant nutrient acquisition strategies.展开更多
The sedimentary record of climate change in the Arctic region is useful for understanding global warming.Kongsfjord is located in the subpolar region of the Arctic and is a suitable site for studying climate change.Gl...The sedimentary record of climate change in the Arctic region is useful for understanding global warming.Kongsfjord is located in the subpolar region of the Arctic and is a suitable site for studying climate change.Glacier retreat is occurring in this region due to climate change,leading to an increase in meltwater outflow with a high debris content.In August 2017,we collected a sediment Core Z3 from the central fjord near the Yellow River Station.Then,we used the widely used chronology method of 210Pb,^(137)Cs,and other parameters to reflect the climate change record in the sedimentary environment of Kongsfjord.The results showed that after the mid-late 1990s,the mass accumulation rate of this core increased from 0.10 g/(cm^(2)·a)to 0.34 g/(cm^(2)·a),while the flux of^(210)Pb_(ex)increased from 125 Bq/(m^(2)·a)to 316 Bq/(m^(2)·a).The higher sedimentary inventory of^(210)Pb_(ex)in Kongsfjord compared to global fallout might have been caused by sediment focusing,boundary scavenging,and riverine input.Similarities between the inventory of^(137)Cs and global fallout indicated that terrestrial particulate matter was the main source of^(137)Cs in fjord sediments.The sedimentation rate increased after 1997,possibly due to the increased influx of glacial meltwater containing debris.In addition,the^(137)Cs activity,percentage of organic carbon(OC),and OC/total nitrogen concentration ratio showed increasing trends toward the top of the core since 1997,corresponding to a decrease in the mass balance of glaciers in the region.The results ofδ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and OC/TN concentration ratio showed both terrestrial and marine sources contributed to the organic matter in Core Z3.The relative contribution of terrestrial organic matter which was calculated by a two-endmember model showed an increased trend since mid-1990s.All these data indicate that global climate change has a significant impact on Arctic glaciers.展开更多
为研究紫花苜蓿叶片和根系对水分和外源氮(N)添加的响应规律,在温室条件下设置水分胁迫处理(WS)(35%±5%)田间持水量(field water capacity,FWC)和充分灌溉且未渍水(WW)(70%±5%)FWC两个水分梯度,每个水分梯度下设置0、5和10 mm...为研究紫花苜蓿叶片和根系对水分和外源氮(N)添加的响应规律,在温室条件下设置水分胁迫处理(WS)(35%±5%)田间持水量(field water capacity,FWC)和充分灌溉且未渍水(WW)(70%±5%)FWC两个水分梯度,每个水分梯度下设置0、5和10 mmol·L^(-1)3个N添加水平(Nn、Nm和Nh),研究了紫花苜蓿叶片和根系膜脂过氧化的程度及C、N特征对不同水分条件和外源N添加的响应规律。结果表明:WS和外源N提高了紫花苜蓿叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量,但对根系没有显著影响。WS和N添加未影响紫花苜蓿叶片C含量,但N添加提高了根系C含量。WS未改变紫花苜蓿叶片N含量,但提高了根系N含量。外源N添加不但提高了叶片N含量,还增加了根系N含量,但叶片N含量在WW处理下对外源N添加较为敏感,而根系N含量在WS处理下对外源N的添加较为敏感,这说明紫花苜蓿叶片和根系C、N状态对N添加的响应受土壤水分条件的调控。紫花苜蓿根系C/N较叶片更高,且对水分和外源N添加的响应更为敏感。WS处理显著提高了根系δ^(13)C,对叶片δ^(13)C无显著影响。外源N添加降低了叶片和根系δ^(15)N,且在WS处理下根系δ^(15)N显著降低,叶片中δ^(15)N在WW处理下显著降低。总之,相比叶片,紫花苜蓿根系生理参数及C、N特征对水分和外源N添加采取了更为积极的策略,在生长中发挥着更重要的作用。该研究结果有助于全面掌握紫花苜蓿各器官对水分和外源N添加的响应策略,为我国旱作农业区紫花苜蓿制定精准的水肥管理制度提供了理论依据。展开更多
The coastal upwelling has profound influence on the surrounding ecosystem by supplying the nutrient-replete water to the euphotic zone.Nutrient biogeochemistry was investigated in coastal waters of the eastern Hainan ...The coastal upwelling has profound influence on the surrounding ecosystem by supplying the nutrient-replete water to the euphotic zone.Nutrient biogeochemistry was investigated in coastal waters of the eastern Hainan Island in summer 2015 and autumn 2016.From perspectives of nutrient dynamics and physical transport,the nutrient fluxes entered the upper 50 m water depth(between the mixed layer and the euphotic zone)arisen from the upwelling were estimated to be 2.5-5.4 mmol/(m^(2)·d),0.15-0.28 mmol/(m^(2)·d),and 2.2-7.2 mmol/(m^(2)·d)for dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),phosphate(DIP),and dissolved silicate(DSi),respectively,which were around 6-to 12-fold those in the background area.The upwelled nutrients supported an additional plankton growth of(14.70±8.95)mg/m^(2)for chlorophyll a(Chl a).The distributions of nitrateδ^(15)N andδ^(18)O above the 300 m water depth(top of the North Pacific Intermediate Water)were different among the upwelling area,background area in summer,and the stations in autumn,and the difference of environmental and biogeochemical conditions between seasons should be the reason.The higher DIN/DIP concentration ratio,nitrate concentration anomaly,and lower nitrate isotope anomaly(Δ(15,18))in the upper ocean in summer than in autumn indicated the stronger nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition,and the following fixed nitrogen regeneration in summer.The higher values of Chl a and nitrateδ^(15)N andδ^(18)O within the euphotic zone in autumn than the background area in summer suggested the stronger nitrate assimilation in autumn.The differences in relatively strength of the assimilation,nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition,and the following remineralization and nitrification between the two seasons made the higherδ^(18)O:δ^(15)N and larger difference of enzymatic isotope fractionation factors^(15)εand^(18)εfor nitrate assimilation in summer than in autumn above the North Pacific Tropical Water.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971104)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASSKLLQG1817)the Qilian Mountain National Park Research Center (Qinghai)(GKQ2019-01)。
文摘A knowledge of the tree-ring stable nitrogen isotope ratio(δ^(15)N)can deepen our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics by indicating the long-term availability,cycling and sources of nitrogen(N).However,the radial mobility of N blurs the interannual variations in the long-term N records.Previous studies of the chemical extraction of tree rings before analysis had produced inconsistent results and it is still unclear whether it is necessary to pre-treat wood samples from specific tree species to remove soluble N compounds before determining theδ^(15)N values.We compared the effects of pre-treatment with organic solvents and hot ultrapure water on the N concentration andδ^(15)N of tree rings from endemic Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)growing in the interior of the central Qilian Mountains,China,during the last 60 a.We assessed the effects of different preparation protocols on the removal of the labile N compounds and investigated the need to pre-treat wood samples before determining theδ^(15)N values of tree rings.Increasing trends of the tree-ring N concentration were consistently observed in both the extracted and unextracted wood samples.The total N removed by extraction with organic solvents was about 17.60%,with a significantly higher amount in the sapwood section(P<0.01).Theδ^(15)N values of tree rings decreased consistently from 1960 to 2019 in both the extracted and unextracted wood samples.Extraction with organic solvents increased theδ^(15)N values markedly by about 5.2‰and reduced the variations in theδ^(15)N series.However,extraction with hot ultrapure water had little effect,with only a slight decrease in theδ^(15)N values of about 0.5‰.Our results showed that the radial pattern in the inter-ring movement of N in Qinghai spruce was not minimized by extraction with either organic solvents or hot ultrapure water.It is unnecessary to conduct hot ultrapure water extraction for the wood samples from Qinghai spruce because of its negligible effect on the removal of the labile N.Theδ^(15)N variation trend of tree rings in the unextracted wood samples was not influenced by the heartwood-sapwood transition zone.We suggest that theδ^(15)N values of the unextracted wood samples of the climate-sensitive Qinghai spruce could be used to explore the ecophysiological dynamics while focusing on the long-term variations.
基金the Higher Education Commission Pakistan for funding the lab research under its International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) programthe Department of Environmental Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (especially Environmental Hydro geochemistry Lab)the Environment & Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, for technical support in conducting lab analysis
文摘The Paleocene coals of the Salt Range in the Punjab Province of Pakistan have great economic potential;however,their trace element and stable isotopic characteristics have not been studied in detail except for a few sporadic samples.In this study,a total of 59 coal samples of which 14 are obtained from open cast mines have been investigated for elemental composition andδ^(13)C-δ^(15)N isotopic signatures.Average contents of trace elements such as Co,Cr,Cu,Pb,Sr,Th,U,V,and Zn are 7.4,41.7,11.2,12.5,90.2,4.0,1.9,128,and 31.1 mg/kg,respectively.These values,when compared with the World Coal Clarke values,were relatively higher in low-rank coals in comparison with Clarke values for brown coals.Likewise,As(20.4 mg/kg),Co(6.6 mg/kg),Cr(22.4 mg/kg),Cu(^(13).3 mg/kg),Pb(19.2 mg/kg),Sr(^(15)4.7 mg/kg),Th(2.5 mg/kg),V(47.8 mg/kg),and Zn(75.1 mg/kg)were significantly higher in the sub-bituminous to bituminous coals of the Salt Range.Mineralogical analysis,based on X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,revealed that the studied samples contain illite,kaolinite calcite,gypsum,pyrite,and quartz.Elemental affinity with organic and inorganic phases of coals calculated by an indirect statistical approach indicated a positive association of ash content with Ag,Al,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Mn,P,Rb,Pb,Th,U,and V,suggesting the presence of inorganic components in studied coals.However,As,Fe,Sr,and Zn exhibit negative correlations that imply their association with the organic fraction.Theδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N isotopic range and average−24.94‰to−25.86‰(−25.41‰)and−2.77‰to 3.22‰(0.96‰),respectively,reflecting 3C type modern terrestrial vegetation were common in the palaeomires of studied coal seams.In addition,the trivial variations of 0.92‰and 0.45‰among^(13)C and^(15)N values can be attributed to water level fluctuations and plant assemblies.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB453303)the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.41606195)。
文摘Fish otolithδ^(15) N(δ^(15) N_(oto))is a demonstrated source of information of dietary history for marine fi sh as it is available iN_(oto)lith archives and sedimentary deposits unlike white muscle tissue(WMT).WMT and stomach content data are insufficient for trophic level(TL)data of past fi shes which is important for the changes of marine fi shery resources over long time scales.To determine the correlation betweenδ^(15) N_(oto) and fi sh WMTδ^(15) N(δ^(15) N_(wmt))and the feasibility of usingδ^(15) N_(oto) in characterizing the TLs of marine fi shes,we conducted nitrogen stable isotope analysis(SIA)in the otolith and WMT of 36 marine fi sh species sampled from the Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea in 2011-2014.Bothδ^(15) N_(oto) andδ^(15) N_(wmt) were analyzed using an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer(EA-IRMS).Multiple otoliths were combined to make each otolith measurement and were analyzed as-is without a carbonate dissolution pre-processing step.δ^(15) N_(oto) andδ^(15) N_(wmt) comparisons for species in the Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea are currently lacking and would be helpful for both regional studies and for increasing the number of species for whichδ^(15) N_(oto) andδ^(15) N_(wmt) have been compared.Additionally,to determine the relative accuracy of trophic level calculated usingδ^(15) N_(oto),we compared TL calculated fromδ^(15) N_(oto) to traditional trophic level metrics calculated usingδ^(15) N_(wmt).The results showed a positive and highly signifi cant correlation(R=0.780,P<0.001)betweenδ^(15) N_(oto) andδ^(15) N_(wmt).Trophic level estimation using WMT(TL wmt)and otolith(TL oto)showed congruence in our study,which is not entirely surprising given thatδ^(15) N_(oto) was regressed againstδ^(15) N_(wmt) and the resulting regression coefficient was used to convertδ^(15) N_(oto) toδ^(15) N_(wmt) prior to calculating TL oto.This conversion was required in order to be consistent with previousδ^(15) N_(wmt)-based calculations of TL for comparison.TL oto calculations resulted in TL values that were largely within 5%-10%of TL values calculated withδ^(15) N_(wmt).Our fi ndings show thatδ^(15) N_(oto) is a feasible technique for characterizing the TLs of marine fi sh and can also assist in food web and marine ecosystem studies.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public-Interest(Grant No.201203065)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31172407+1 种基金1472280)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20123104110006)
文摘Stable isotopes are increasingly used to investigate seasonal migrations of aquatic organisms. This study employed stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) for Coilia nasus from the lower Yangtze River and the adjacent East China Sea to distinguish different ecotypic groups, ascertain trophic nutrition positions, and reflect environmental influences on C. nasus. delta C-13 signatures of C. nasus sampled from Zhoushan (ZS), Chongming (CM), and Jingjiang (JJ) waters were significantly higher than those from the Poyang Lake (PYL) (P < 0.05). By contrast, delta N-15 signatures of C. nasus in ZS, CM, and JJ groups were significantly lower than those in PYL group (P < 0.05). Basing on delta C-13 and delta N-15 signatures, we could distinguish anadromous (ZS, CM, and JJ) and non-anadromous (PYL) groups. The trophic level (TL) of anadromous C. nasus ranged from 2.90 to 3.04, whereas that of non-anadromous C. nasus was 4.38. C. nasus occupied the middle and top nutrition positions in the marine and Poyang Lake food webs, respectively. C. nasus in Poyang Lake were significantly more enriched in delta N-15 but depleted in delta C-13, suggesting that anthropogenic nutrient inputs and terrigenous organic carbon are important to the Poyang Lake food web. This study is the first to apply delta N-15 and delta C-13 to population assignment studies of C. nasus in the Yangtze River and its affiliated waters. Analysis of stable isotopes (delta N-15 and delta C-13) is shown to be a useful tool for discriminating anadromous and non-anadromous C. nasus.
基金from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:41773075,41575137,31370494,31170421).
文摘Background:The nitrogen isotope natural abundance(δ^(15)N)provides integrated information on ecosystem N dynamics,and carbon isotope natural abundance(δ^(13)C)has been used to infer how water-using processes of plants change in terrestrial ecosystems.However,howδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N abundances in plant life and soils respond to N addition and water availability change is still unclear.Thus,δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N abundances in plant life and soils were used to investigate the effects of long-time(10 years)N addition(+50 kg N·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)and precipitation reduction(−30%of throughfall)in forest C and N cycling traits in a temperate forest in northern China.Results:We analyzed theδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of dominant plant foliage,litterfall,fungal sporophores,roots,and soils in the study.The results showed thatδ^(15)N values of foliage,litterfall,and surface soil layer’s(0–10 cm)total N were significantly increased by N addition,whileδ^(15)N values of fine roots and coarse roots were considerably decreased.Nitrogen addition also significantly increased theδ^(13)C value of fine roots and total N concentration of the surface soil layer compared with the control.The C concentration,δ^(13)C,andδ^(15)N values of foliage andδ^(15)N values of fine roots were significantly increased by precipitation reduction,while N concentration of foliage and litterfall significantly decreased.The combined effects of N addition and precipitation reduction significantly increased theδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of foliage as well as theδ^(15)N values of fine roots andδ^(13)C values of litterfall.Furthermore,foliarδ^(15)N values were significantly correlated with foliageδ^(13)C values,surface soilδ^(15)N values,surface soil C concentration,and N concentrations.Nitrogen concentrations andδ^(13)C values of foliage were significantly correlated withδ^(15)N values and N concentrations of fine roots.Conclusions:This indicates that plants increasingly take up the heavier 15N under N addition and the heavier 13C and 15N under precipitation reduction,suggesting that N addition and precipitation reduction may lead to more open forest ecosystem C and N cycling and affect plant nutrient acquisition strategies.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42107251 and 41706089the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under contract No.2020J05232.
文摘The sedimentary record of climate change in the Arctic region is useful for understanding global warming.Kongsfjord is located in the subpolar region of the Arctic and is a suitable site for studying climate change.Glacier retreat is occurring in this region due to climate change,leading to an increase in meltwater outflow with a high debris content.In August 2017,we collected a sediment Core Z3 from the central fjord near the Yellow River Station.Then,we used the widely used chronology method of 210Pb,^(137)Cs,and other parameters to reflect the climate change record in the sedimentary environment of Kongsfjord.The results showed that after the mid-late 1990s,the mass accumulation rate of this core increased from 0.10 g/(cm^(2)·a)to 0.34 g/(cm^(2)·a),while the flux of^(210)Pb_(ex)increased from 125 Bq/(m^(2)·a)to 316 Bq/(m^(2)·a).The higher sedimentary inventory of^(210)Pb_(ex)in Kongsfjord compared to global fallout might have been caused by sediment focusing,boundary scavenging,and riverine input.Similarities between the inventory of^(137)Cs and global fallout indicated that terrestrial particulate matter was the main source of^(137)Cs in fjord sediments.The sedimentation rate increased after 1997,possibly due to the increased influx of glacial meltwater containing debris.In addition,the^(137)Cs activity,percentage of organic carbon(OC),and OC/total nitrogen concentration ratio showed increasing trends toward the top of the core since 1997,corresponding to a decrease in the mass balance of glaciers in the region.The results ofδ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and OC/TN concentration ratio showed both terrestrial and marine sources contributed to the organic matter in Core Z3.The relative contribution of terrestrial organic matter which was calculated by a two-endmember model showed an increased trend since mid-1990s.All these data indicate that global climate change has a significant impact on Arctic glaciers.
文摘长身高原鳅(Triplophysa tenuis)对维持木扎提河的水生态系统物质和能量流动具有重要作用。文章基于脂肪酸生物标记法和碳、氮稳定同位素(δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N)技术研究了长身高原鳅的食性和营养生态位特征。结果显示,其肌肉中共检测出22种脂肪酸,其中有8种饱和脂肪酸、6种单不饱和脂肪酸、8种多不饱和脂肪酸;由特征脂肪酸组成情况推测,长身高原鳅对浮游动物、硅藻、陆地植物或喜摄食硅藻的鱼虾均有摄食,表现为杂食性。长身高原鳅的δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N分别介于-27.09‰~-20.98‰和5.71‰~8.45‰,营养级介于2.68~3.48。雌雄样本间的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N和营养级均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);雄性样本核心生态位(Standard ellipse area,SEAc)和总生态位(Total area of convex hull,TA)均高于雌性。δ^(13)C与体长间表现为极显著正相关性(P<0.01),δ^(15)N和营养级与体长间不具有显著相关性。70~80 mm体长组与90 mm以上体长组SEAc面积不存在重叠且在聚类分析中被分为不同组。综上,长身高原鳅的食性为杂食性且食物组成随体长变化而不同,作为营养级偏高的捕食者,长身高原鳅能延长食物链长度,增加食物网复杂性,有利于维持水域生态系统的稳定性。
文摘为研究紫花苜蓿叶片和根系对水分和外源氮(N)添加的响应规律,在温室条件下设置水分胁迫处理(WS)(35%±5%)田间持水量(field water capacity,FWC)和充分灌溉且未渍水(WW)(70%±5%)FWC两个水分梯度,每个水分梯度下设置0、5和10 mmol·L^(-1)3个N添加水平(Nn、Nm和Nh),研究了紫花苜蓿叶片和根系膜脂过氧化的程度及C、N特征对不同水分条件和外源N添加的响应规律。结果表明:WS和外源N提高了紫花苜蓿叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量,但对根系没有显著影响。WS和N添加未影响紫花苜蓿叶片C含量,但N添加提高了根系C含量。WS未改变紫花苜蓿叶片N含量,但提高了根系N含量。外源N添加不但提高了叶片N含量,还增加了根系N含量,但叶片N含量在WW处理下对外源N添加较为敏感,而根系N含量在WS处理下对外源N的添加较为敏感,这说明紫花苜蓿叶片和根系C、N状态对N添加的响应受土壤水分条件的调控。紫花苜蓿根系C/N较叶片更高,且对水分和外源N添加的响应更为敏感。WS处理显著提高了根系δ^(13)C,对叶片δ^(13)C无显著影响。外源N添加降低了叶片和根系δ^(15)N,且在WS处理下根系δ^(15)N显著降低,叶片中δ^(15)N在WW处理下显著降低。总之,相比叶片,紫花苜蓿根系生理参数及C、N特征对水分和外源N添加采取了更为积极的策略,在生长中发挥着更重要的作用。该研究结果有助于全面掌握紫花苜蓿各器官对水分和外源N添加的响应策略,为我国旱作农业区紫花苜蓿制定精准的水肥管理制度提供了理论依据。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41376086the Taishan Scholars Programme of Shandong Provincethe Aoshan Talents Program supported by the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.2015ASTP-OS08。
文摘The coastal upwelling has profound influence on the surrounding ecosystem by supplying the nutrient-replete water to the euphotic zone.Nutrient biogeochemistry was investigated in coastal waters of the eastern Hainan Island in summer 2015 and autumn 2016.From perspectives of nutrient dynamics and physical transport,the nutrient fluxes entered the upper 50 m water depth(between the mixed layer and the euphotic zone)arisen from the upwelling were estimated to be 2.5-5.4 mmol/(m^(2)·d),0.15-0.28 mmol/(m^(2)·d),and 2.2-7.2 mmol/(m^(2)·d)for dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),phosphate(DIP),and dissolved silicate(DSi),respectively,which were around 6-to 12-fold those in the background area.The upwelled nutrients supported an additional plankton growth of(14.70±8.95)mg/m^(2)for chlorophyll a(Chl a).The distributions of nitrateδ^(15)N andδ^(18)O above the 300 m water depth(top of the North Pacific Intermediate Water)were different among the upwelling area,background area in summer,and the stations in autumn,and the difference of environmental and biogeochemical conditions between seasons should be the reason.The higher DIN/DIP concentration ratio,nitrate concentration anomaly,and lower nitrate isotope anomaly(Δ(15,18))in the upper ocean in summer than in autumn indicated the stronger nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition,and the following fixed nitrogen regeneration in summer.The higher values of Chl a and nitrateδ^(15)N andδ^(18)O within the euphotic zone in autumn than the background area in summer suggested the stronger nitrate assimilation in autumn.The differences in relatively strength of the assimilation,nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition,and the following remineralization and nitrification between the two seasons made the higherδ^(18)O:δ^(15)N and larger difference of enzymatic isotope fractionation factors^(15)εand^(18)εfor nitrate assimilation in summer than in autumn above the North Pacific Tropical Water.
