Phase equilibrium in Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys （〈37.5 at.% Si） at 1 273 K and 2 073 K is investigated by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrosco...Phase equilibrium in Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys （〈37.5 at.% Si） at 1 273 K and 2 073 K is investigated by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. The partial isothermal section at 1 273 K, which contains four single-phase regions, five two-phase regions and two three-phase regions, is basically the same as that at 1 973 K. However, when the temperature increases to 2 073 K, the three-phase region of Nbss＋ct-（Nb（Mo））sSi3＋13-（Nb,Mo）sSi3 obviously moves towards the Nb-rich comer. This suggests that Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys remain stable at least up to 1 973 K.展开更多
The brazing of Al 2O 3 to Nb was achieved by the method of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. Ti foil and Ni 5V alloy foil were used as interlayers for the bonding. The base materials were brazed at 1 4231 573 K fo...The brazing of Al 2O 3 to Nb was achieved by the method of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. Ti foil and Ni 5V alloy foil were used as interlayers for the bonding. The base materials were brazed at 1 4231 573 K for 1120 min. The results show that the shear strength of the joint first increases and then decreases with increasing holding time and brazing temperature. The joint interface microstructure and elements distribution were investigated. It can be concluded that a composite structure, in which the base metals are solid solution Nb(V) and Nb(Ti) reinforced by Ni 2Ti, is formed when the brazing temperature is 1 473 K and holding time 15 min, and a satisfactory joint strength can be achieved. The interaction of Ti foil and Ni 5V foil leads to the formation of liquid eutectic phase with low melting point, at the same time the combination of Ti come from the interlayer with O atoms from Al 2O 3 results in the bonding of Al 2O 3 and Nb.展开更多
The microstructure and the stability of Fe_73.5Cu_1Nb_3Si_13.5B_9 alloy at different stages of phase transformation were investigated through the observation of X-ray difraction and transmission electron microscopy an...The microstructure and the stability of Fe_73.5Cu_1Nb_3Si_13.5B_9 alloy at different stages of phase transformation were investigated through the observation of X-ray difraction and transmission electron microscopy and the measurement of magnetic aftereffect (MAE). It was found that the dependence of the volume fraction of amorphous phase and the MAE in the samples annealed from 450 to 700℃ on the annealing temperature is similar.展开更多
Mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 photocatalysts were synthesized by the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method. Ag was deposited on the surface of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 by a facile photoreduction process. The as‐prepared...Mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 photocatalysts were synthesized by the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method. Ag was deposited on the surface of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 by a facile photoreduction process. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by TG‐DSC, XRD, N2 adsorption, HR‐TEM andUV‐Vis spectroscopy. The results revealed that mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 has a large specific surfacearea and uniform pore size distribution both before and after Ag deposition. The photodegradationof 2‐propanol and acetaldehyde gas under visible‐light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation was employed toevaluate the photocatalytic activities of the samples. The results showed that the photocatalyticactivity of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 is greatly improved by the Ag co‐catalyst. These mesoporousPb3Nb2O8 exhibit photocatalytic activities as much as 41 times higher when compared with thePb3Nb2O8 prepared by the solid state reaction method. The content of loaded Ag ranged from 0.5%to 5% (Ag2SO4). The optimal loading was determined to be 1% corresponding the highest photocatalyti cactivity. These results clearly indicate that the activity of Pb3Nb2O8 can be improved to obtain an outstanding performance for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.展开更多
Dipolar relaxation and dielectric/piezoelectric resonance in a (001)-cut Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.9Ti0.1O3 (PZNT10%) single crystal before and after electric (E)-field poling were presented. Dielectric permittivities were meas...Dipolar relaxation and dielectric/piezoelectric resonance in a (001)-cut Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.9Ti0.1O3 (PZNT10%) single crystal before and after electric (E)-field poling were presented. Dielectric permittivities were measured as functions of temperature, frequency and poling E-field strength. Frequency-dependent dielectric spectroscopy in the poled sample exhibits multiple piezoelectric resonances between 0.1 and 1 MHz, which can be described by the forced-damped-oscillator model. The resonant spectra show significant changes while phase transitions are taking place. The unpoled crystal shows almost no optical birefringence, indicating that the average structure symmetry is isotropic. Birefringence of the crystal is significantly enhanced by a prior E-field poling.展开更多
Microscopic phase field simulation is performed to study antisite defect type and temporal evolution characteristic of D022-Ni3V structure in Ni75AlxV25-x ternary system.The result demonstrates that two types of antis...Microscopic phase field simulation is performed to study antisite defect type and temporal evolution characteristic of D022-Ni3V structure in Ni75AlxV25-x ternary system.The result demonstrates that two types of antisite defect VNi and NiV coexist in D022 structure;however,the amount of NiV is far greater than VNi;when precipitates transform from D022 singe phase to two phases mixture of D022 and L12 with enhanced Al:V ratio,the amount of VNi has no evident response to the secondary L12 phase,while NiV exhibits a definitely contrary variation tendency:NiV rises without L12 structure precipitating from matrix but declines with it;temporal evolution characteristic and temperature dependent antisite defect VNi,NiV are also studied in this paper:The concentrations of the both defects decline from high antistructure state to equilibrium level with elapsed time but rise with elevated temperature;the ternary alloying element aluminium atom occupies both α and β sublattices of D022 structure with a strong site preference of substituting α site.展开更多
The temporal evolution feature of a microscopic phase field model is utilized to study the antisite defects of L1 2-Ni 3 Al;this is quite different from other physicist’ interests.There are mainly two points in brief...The temporal evolution feature of a microscopic phase field model is utilized to study the antisite defects of L1 2-Ni 3 Al;this is quite different from other physicist’ interests.There are mainly two points in brief.Firstly,antisite defects Ni Al and Al Ni ,which are caused by the deviation from the stoichiometric Ni 3 Al,coexist in the Ni 3 Al phase.The surplus Ni atom in the Ni-rich side is prone to substitute Al thus producing the antisite defect Ni Al that maintains the stability of the L1 2 structure.In other case,the surplus Al atom in the Al-rich side is accommodated by a Ni sublattice consequently giving rise to antisite defect Al Ni .The calculated equilibrium occupancy probability of Ni Al is much higher than that of Al Ni .This point is generally in line with other theoretical and experimental works.Additionally,both Ni Al and Al Ni have a strong negative correlation to time step during the disorder-order transformation.Since the initial value of Ni Al and Al Ni on each site of the matrix is right at the concentration that we set,we can observe the decrease process of Ni Al and Al Ni from the initial disordered high anti-structure state to their respective equilibrium state,i.e.to the result of the ordering process further coarsening.展开更多
Four sets of mono-element (ME) and two kinds of multifilament (MF) internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting strands were designed and fabricated through RRP method in which different compoment ratios, various composite confi...Four sets of mono-element (ME) and two kinds of multifilament (MF) internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting strands were designed and fabricated through RRP method in which different compoment ratios, various composite configurations and some third element alloying were arranged. All the strand samples underwent a 210°C/50 h + 340°C/25 h thermal duration for Cu-Sn alloying. After that A15 phase formation heat treatment (HT) was applied for which the ME samples were chosen at three reaction temperatures of 675°C, 700°C and 725°C for 100 h and 200 h while the MF samples at four temperatures of 650°C, 675°C, 700°C and 725°C for 128 h and 200 h. The heat-treated samples were examined for A15 phase composition distribution by X-ray EDS. SQUID magnetization measurement was used to determine critical temperature TC. The obtained results demonstrate that for fully-reacted internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconductors the A15 phase composition and the intrinsic property TC are determined by the diffusion and solid state reaction mechanism and are independent of the factors including HT temperature, strand composite component and configuration arrangement, and the third element addition within the experimental range.展开更多
The as-cast microstructure, element segregation and solidification behavior of a multi-alloyed superalloy ЭК151 have been investigated. The results show that the severe element segregation leads to the complicated p...The as-cast microstructure, element segregation and solidification behavior of a multi-alloyed superalloy ЭК151 have been investigated. The results show that the severe element segregation leads to the complicated precipitations at the inter-dendritic region, including η-Ni3(Ti, Nb), eutectic(γ + γ’) and Laves, which shows the characteristics of both Ti, Al-strengthened and Nb-strengthened alloys. Differential thermal analysis, heating and quenching tests reveal the solidification sequence as follows: Liquids →γ matrix →(Nb, Ti)C →η-Ni 3(Ti, Nb) →eutectic( γ+γ’) → Laves. The melting points are between 1250 and 1260 °C for(Nb, Ti)C, between 1200 and 1210 °C for η phase, between 1180 and 1190 °C for eutectic(γ+γ’) and Laves. γ’ initially precipitates from matrix at 1150 °C and achieves the maximum precipitation at 1130 °C. According to the microstructure evolution captured during solidification and composition analysis by an energy dispersive spectrometer and electron probe microanalyzer,(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio is put forward to explain the formation of η-Ni3(Ti, Nb) and eutectic( γ+γ’). The solidification of γ matrix increased the Nb, Ti concentration in the residual liquids, so the high(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio would result in the formation of η-Ni3(Ti, Nb); the precipitation of the phase consumed Nb and Ti and decreased the(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio in the liquid, which led to the precipitation of eutectic(γ + γ’). Laves formed by the sides of η-Ni3(Ti, Nb) and in front of the eutectic( γ + γ’) after Al, Ti were further depleted by the two phases and Cr, Co, Mo were rejected to liquids.展开更多
ATI 718Plus(简称718Plus)合金作为一种新型镍基变形高温合金涡轮盘材料,由于在700℃以下具备优异的综合力学性能、良好的热加工和焊接等工艺性能以及适宜的成本,而受到国内外的广泛关注。本文综述了近几年国内718Plus合金的研究进展,...ATI 718Plus(简称718Plus)合金作为一种新型镍基变形高温合金涡轮盘材料,由于在700℃以下具备优异的综合力学性能、良好的热加工和焊接等工艺性能以及适宜的成本,而受到国内外的广泛关注。本文综述了近几年国内718Plus合金的研究进展,主要包括:(1)718Plus合金相组成及合金特点;(2)P对718Plus合金组织及性能的影响规律及机理;(3)Al对718Plus合金组织及性能的影响规律及机理;(4)析出相对718Plus合金性能的影响规律及机理。展开更多
基金National High-tech Research and Development Pro-gram (2006AA03Z102)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2006ZF51069)
文摘Phase equilibrium in Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys （〈37.5 at.% Si） at 1 273 K and 2 073 K is investigated by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. The partial isothermal section at 1 273 K, which contains four single-phase regions, five two-phase regions and two three-phase regions, is basically the same as that at 1 973 K. However, when the temperature increases to 2 073 K, the three-phase region of Nbss＋ct-（Nb（Mo））sSi3＋13-（Nb,Mo）sSi3 obviously moves towards the Nb-rich comer. This suggests that Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys remain stable at least up to 1 973 K.
文摘The brazing of Al 2O 3 to Nb was achieved by the method of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. Ti foil and Ni 5V alloy foil were used as interlayers for the bonding. The base materials were brazed at 1 4231 573 K for 1120 min. The results show that the shear strength of the joint first increases and then decreases with increasing holding time and brazing temperature. The joint interface microstructure and elements distribution were investigated. It can be concluded that a composite structure, in which the base metals are solid solution Nb(V) and Nb(Ti) reinforced by Ni 2Ti, is formed when the brazing temperature is 1 473 K and holding time 15 min, and a satisfactory joint strength can be achieved. The interaction of Ti foil and Ni 5V foil leads to the formation of liquid eutectic phase with low melting point, at the same time the combination of Ti come from the interlayer with O atoms from Al 2O 3 results in the bonding of Al 2O 3 and Nb.
基金National Natural &ience Foundation of China!(No. 59671020).
文摘The microstructure and the stability of Fe_73.5Cu_1Nb_3Si_13.5B_9 alloy at different stages of phase transformation were investigated through the observation of X-ray difraction and transmission electron microscopy and the measurement of magnetic aftereffect (MAE). It was found that the dependence of the volume fraction of amorphous phase and the MAE in the samples annealed from 450 to 700℃ on the annealing temperature is similar.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11274150, 11574124)the Education Minister of Liaoning Province (JG2016ZD0015)the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing University~~
文摘Mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 photocatalysts were synthesized by the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method. Ag was deposited on the surface of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 by a facile photoreduction process. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by TG‐DSC, XRD, N2 adsorption, HR‐TEM andUV‐Vis spectroscopy. The results revealed that mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 has a large specific surfacearea and uniform pore size distribution both before and after Ag deposition. The photodegradationof 2‐propanol and acetaldehyde gas under visible‐light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation was employed toevaluate the photocatalytic activities of the samples. The results showed that the photocatalyticactivity of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 is greatly improved by the Ag co‐catalyst. These mesoporousPb3Nb2O8 exhibit photocatalytic activities as much as 41 times higher when compared with thePb3Nb2O8 prepared by the solid state reaction method. The content of loaded Ag ranged from 0.5%to 5% (Ag2SO4). The optimal loading was determined to be 1% corresponding the highest photocatalyti cactivity. These results clearly indicate that the activity of Pb3Nb2O8 can be improved to obtain an outstanding performance for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.
文摘Dipolar relaxation and dielectric/piezoelectric resonance in a (001)-cut Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.9Ti0.1O3 (PZNT10%) single crystal before and after electric (E)-field poling were presented. Dielectric permittivities were measured as functions of temperature, frequency and poling E-field strength. Frequency-dependent dielectric spectroscopy in the poled sample exhibits multiple piezoelectric resonances between 0.1 and 1 MHz, which can be described by the forced-damped-oscillator model. The resonant spectra show significant changes while phase transitions are taking place. The unpoled crystal shows almost no optical birefringence, indicating that the average structure symmetry is isotropic. Birefringence of the crystal is significantly enhanced by a prior E-field poling.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50671084 and 50875217)the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University of China (Grant No. CX200806)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Founda-tion Funded Project (Grant No. 20070420218)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China
文摘Microscopic phase field simulation is performed to study antisite defect type and temporal evolution characteristic of D022-Ni3V structure in Ni75AlxV25-x ternary system.The result demonstrates that two types of antisite defect VNi and NiV coexist in D022 structure;however,the amount of NiV is far greater than VNi;when precipitates transform from D022 singe phase to two phases mixture of D022 and L12 with enhanced Al:V ratio,the amount of VNi has no evident response to the secondary L12 phase,while NiV exhibits a definitely contrary variation tendency:NiV rises without L12 structure precipitating from matrix but declines with it;temporal evolution characteristic and temperature dependent antisite defect VNi,NiV are also studied in this paper:The concentrations of the both defects decline from high antistructure state to equilibrium level with elapsed time but rise with elevated temperature;the ternary alloying element aluminium atom occupies both α and β sublattices of D022 structure with a strong site preference of substituting α site.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.50875217,10902086,and 50941020)the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University of China (Grant No.CX200806)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant Nos.SJ08-ZT05 and SJ08-B14)
文摘The temporal evolution feature of a microscopic phase field model is utilized to study the antisite defects of L1 2-Ni 3 Al;this is quite different from other physicist’ interests.There are mainly two points in brief.Firstly,antisite defects Ni Al and Al Ni ,which are caused by the deviation from the stoichiometric Ni 3 Al,coexist in the Ni 3 Al phase.The surplus Ni atom in the Ni-rich side is prone to substitute Al thus producing the antisite defect Ni Al that maintains the stability of the L1 2 structure.In other case,the surplus Al atom in the Al-rich side is accommodated by a Ni sublattice consequently giving rise to antisite defect Al Ni .The calculated equilibrium occupancy probability of Ni Al is much higher than that of Al Ni .This point is generally in line with other theoretical and experimental works.Additionally,both Ni Al and Al Ni have a strong negative correlation to time step during the disorder-order transformation.Since the initial value of Ni Al and Al Ni on each site of the matrix is right at the concentration that we set,we can observe the decrease process of Ni Al and Al Ni from the initial disordered high anti-structure state to their respective equilibrium state,i.e.to the result of the ordering process further coarsening.
基金supported by the France-China Collaboration Research Contract: CNRS No722441the SUST doctoral foundation BJ07-07
文摘Four sets of mono-element (ME) and two kinds of multifilament (MF) internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting strands were designed and fabricated through RRP method in which different compoment ratios, various composite configurations and some third element alloying were arranged. All the strand samples underwent a 210°C/50 h + 340°C/25 h thermal duration for Cu-Sn alloying. After that A15 phase formation heat treatment (HT) was applied for which the ME samples were chosen at three reaction temperatures of 675°C, 700°C and 725°C for 100 h and 200 h while the MF samples at four temperatures of 650°C, 675°C, 700°C and 725°C for 128 h and 200 h. The heat-treated samples were examined for A15 phase composition distribution by X-ray EDS. SQUID magnetization measurement was used to determine critical temperature TC. The obtained results demonstrate that for fully-reacted internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconductors the A15 phase composition and the intrinsic property TC are determined by the diffusion and solid state reaction mechanism and are independent of the factors including HT temperature, strand composite component and configuration arrangement, and the third element addition within the experimental range.
文摘The as-cast microstructure, element segregation and solidification behavior of a multi-alloyed superalloy ЭК151 have been investigated. The results show that the severe element segregation leads to the complicated precipitations at the inter-dendritic region, including η-Ni3(Ti, Nb), eutectic(γ + γ’) and Laves, which shows the characteristics of both Ti, Al-strengthened and Nb-strengthened alloys. Differential thermal analysis, heating and quenching tests reveal the solidification sequence as follows: Liquids →γ matrix →(Nb, Ti)C →η-Ni 3(Ti, Nb) →eutectic( γ+γ’) → Laves. The melting points are between 1250 and 1260 °C for(Nb, Ti)C, between 1200 and 1210 °C for η phase, between 1180 and 1190 °C for eutectic(γ+γ’) and Laves. γ’ initially precipitates from matrix at 1150 °C and achieves the maximum precipitation at 1130 °C. According to the microstructure evolution captured during solidification and composition analysis by an energy dispersive spectrometer and electron probe microanalyzer,(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio is put forward to explain the formation of η-Ni3(Ti, Nb) and eutectic( γ+γ’). The solidification of γ matrix increased the Nb, Ti concentration in the residual liquids, so the high(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio would result in the formation of η-Ni3(Ti, Nb); the precipitation of the phase consumed Nb and Ti and decreased the(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio in the liquid, which led to the precipitation of eutectic(γ + γ’). Laves formed by the sides of η-Ni3(Ti, Nb) and in front of the eutectic( γ + γ’) after Al, Ti were further depleted by the two phases and Cr, Co, Mo were rejected to liquids.
