Self-Adapting Routing for Two-Layered Satellite Networks

The rapid advancement of communication and satellite technology drives broadband satellite networks to carry different traffic loads.However,traffic class routing of satellite cannot be provided by the existing 2-layerd satellite networks.In this paper,a 2-layered satellite network composed of low-Earth orbit and medium-Earth orbit satellite networks is presented,and a novel Self-adapting Routing Protocol(SRP)is developed.This scheme aims to adopt self-adapting routing algorithm to support different traffic classes.Meanwhile,the path discovery processing is invoked independently for each individual origin/destination pair.Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the new scheme in terms of end-to-end delay,normalized data throughput,delay jitter and delivery ratio.

Determination of Iron in Layered Crystal Sodium Disilicate and Sodium Silicate by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Boric Acid as a Matrix Modifier

The effects of matrix silicate and experimental conditions on the determination of iron in flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS） were investigated. It was found that boric acid as a matrix modifier obviously eliminated silicate interference. Under the optimum operating conditions, the determination results of iron in layered crystal sodium disilicate and sodium silicate samples by FAAS were satisfactory. The linear range of calibration curve is 0-10.5 μg.mL^-1, the relative standard deviation of method is 1.2%-2.2%, the recovery of added iron is 96.0%- 101%, the sensitivity is 0.19 μg.mL^-l and the detection limit is 77 ng.mL^-1. The effect of the determination of iron of the standard curve method, standard addition calibration and colorimetry method was the same, but the first has the merits of rapid sample preparation, reduced contamination risks and fast analysis.

Oxidation Performance of Ytterbium Disilicate/Silicon Environmental Barrier Coating via Optimized Air Plasma Spraying

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) play a critical role in mitigating the degradation of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in complex combustion environment, and improve the service life of thermal engine components. In this paper, by adjusting the parameters of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), the spraying process of ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7) under a lower power has been optimized. A two-layer EBC system consisting of ytterbium disilicate and silicon is prepared on the SiCf/SiC composite substrate by using optimized technological parameters. The thermal resistance and water oxygen corrosion resistance of such two-layer EBC system are investigated. The results indicate that the current ytterbium disilicate/silicon EBC system exhibits good phase stability, excellent water vapor and oxygen corrosion resistance. However, the exposed silicon bonding layer tends to generate an excessive thermal growth oxide (TGO) layer known as SiO2, leading to an early spallation of the coating.

Densification of Lithium Disilicate under High Pressure Investigated by XPS

The aim of this work was to investigate by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy the effect of high pressure on the chemical environments of Si 2p, O 1s and Li 1s in lithium disilicate glass ceramic with stoichiometric composition Li2O·2SiO2 (LS2). A group of samples was processed at 2.5 GPa, 4 GPa and 7.7 GPa at room temperature and a second group was crystallized under high pressure and high temperature. Large shifts of the binding energy toward higher energies were observed in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra for samples of the first group after densification at 2.5 and 4 GPa. For samples processed at 7.7 Gpa, the major component of the binding energy for the Si 2p environment remained practically unchanged compared to the pristine sample but new components, with smaller intensities, appeared in the spectra, indicating the existence of distinct Q-species induced by high pressure. This behavior may be related to changes in the number of bridged and non-bridged oxygen atoms in the glass structure. The results for the second group of samples, crystallized under high pressure, showed evidences of three binding energies for the O atoms, one of them related to non-bridged and two of them to bridged O atoms.

基于3-layer中心度的社交网络影响力最大化算法

社交网络影响最大化问题是指如何寻找网络中有限的初始节点,使得影响的传播范围最广。一些贪心算法可以得到较好的影响范围,但是因时间复杂度太高而不适用于大型社交网络。基于度中心性的启发式算法简单但准确度不高;基于介数中心性、接近中心性等全局指标的启发式算法可以较好地识别影响力最大的节点,但计算复杂度也过高。考虑网络节点深层次结构对影响扩散的作用并权衡计算复杂度与准确度,定义了3-layer局部中心度,以计算节点的潜在影响力值。基于线性阈值模型,启发选择一部分种子节点:每一次都选取潜在影响力最大的节点作为种子节点进行激活;运用贪心算法选取剩下的一部分种子节点:每一次都选取具有最大影响增量的节点作为种子节点进行激活。实验表明,该混合算法具有很好的激活范围以及非常低的时间复杂度。

Variation analysis of ultimate pullout capacity of shallow horizontal strip anchor plate with 2-layer overlying soil based on nonlinear M-C failure criterion

Based on the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and an associated flow rule,a kinematic admissible velocity field of failure mechanism of the 2-layer soil above a shallow horizontal strip anchor plate is constructed.The ultimate pull-out force and its corresponding failure mechanism through the upper bound limit analysis according to a variation principle are deduced.When the 2-layer overlying soil is degraded into single-layer soil,the model of ultimate pullout force could also be degraded into the model of single-layer soil.And the comparison between results of single-layer soil variation method and those calculated by rigid limit analysis method proves the correctness of our method.Based on that,the influence of changes of geotechnical parameters on ultimate pullout forces and failure mechanism of a shallow horizontal strip anchor with the 2-layer soil above are analyzed.The results show that the ultimate pull-out force and failure mechanism of a shallow horizontal strip anchor with the 2-layer soil above are affected by the nonlinear geotechnical parameters greatly.Thus,it is very important to obtain the accurate geotechnical parameters of 2-layer soil for the evaluation of the ultimate pullout capacity of the anchor plate.

Peak of Electron Density in F2-Layer Parameters Variability at Quiet Days on Solar Minimum

This study deals with Peak of electron density in F2-layer sensibility scale during quiet time on solar minimum. Peaks of electron density in F2-layer (NmF2) values at the quietest days are compared to those carried out from the two nearest days (previous and following of quietest day). The study uses International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) for ionosphere modeling. The located station is Ouagadougou, in West Africa. Solar minimum of phase 22 is considered in this study. Using three core principles of ionosphere modeling under IRI running conditions, the study enables to carry out Peak of electron density in F2-layer values during the quietest days of the characteristic months for the four different seasons. These parameters are compared to those of the previous and the following of the quietest days (the day before and following each quietest selected day) at the same hour. The knowledge of NmF2 values at the quietest days and at the two nearest days enables to calculate the relative error that can be made on this parameter. This calculation highlights insignificant relative errors. This means that NmF2 values at the two nearest days of each quietest day on solar minimum can be used for simulating the quietest days’ behavior. NmF2 values obtained by running IRI model have good correlation with those carried out by Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics-General Circulation Model (TIEGCM).

Symmetry Reductions of a 1.5-Layer Ocean Circulation Model

The （2＋1）-dimensional nonlinear 1.5-layer ocean circulation model without external wind stress forcing is analyzed by using the classical Lie group approach. Some Lie point symmetries and their corresponding two-dimensional reduction equations are obtained.

Wind-Driven,Double-Gyre,Ocean Circulation in a Reduced-Gravity,2.5-Layer,Lattice Boltzmann Model

A coupled lattice Boltzmann （LB） model with second-order accuracy is applied to the reduced-gravity, shallow water, 2.5-layer model for wind-driven double-gyre ocean circulation. By introducing the secondorder integral approximation for the collision operator, the model becomes fully explicit. The Coriolis force and other external forces are included in the model with second-order accuracy, which is consistent with the discretization accuracy of the LB equation. The feature of the multiple equilibria solutions is found in the numerical experiments under different Reynolds numbers based on this LB scheme. With the Reynolds number increasing from 3000 to 4000, the solution of this model is destabilized from the anti-symmetric double-gyre solution to the subtropic gyre solution and then to the subpolar gyre solution. The transitions between these equilibria states are also found in some parameter ranges. The time-dependent variability of the circulation based on this LB simulation is also discussed for varying viscosity regimes. The flow of this model exhibits oscillations with different timescales varying from subannual to interannual. The corresponding statistical oscillation modes are obtained by spectral analysis. By analyzing the spatiotemporal structures of these modes, it is found that the subannual oscillation with a 9-month period originates from the barotropic Rossby basin mode, and the interarmual oscillations with periods ranging from 1.5 years to 4.6 years originate from the recirculation gyre modes, which include the barotropic and the baroclinic recirculation gyre modes.

Electron Bulk Surface Density Effect on Critical Frequency in the F2-Layer

Ionosphere layer is the atmosphere region which reflects radio waves for telecommunication. The density in particles in this layer influences the quality of communication. This study deals with the effects of Total Electron Contents (TEC) on the critical frequency of radio waves in the F2-layer. Total Electron Contents parameter symbolizes electron bulk surface density in ionosphere layer. Above critical frequency value in F2 layer (foF2), radio waves pass through ionosphere. The knowledge of this value enables to calibrate transmission frequencies. In this study, we consider TEC effects on foF2 under quiet time conditions during the maximum and the minimum of solar cycle 22, at Ouagadougou station, in West Africa. The study also considers the effects of seasons and the hourly variability of TEC and foF2. This work shows winter anomaly on foF2 and TEC on minimum and maximum of solar cycle phase respectively. Running International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model enables to carry out the effects of TEC on foF2 by use of their monthly average values. This leads to a new approach to calibrate radio transmitters.

A novel 3-layer mixed cultural evolutionary optimization framework for optimal operation of syngas production in a Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier

Optimizing operational parameters for syngas production of Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier studied in this paper is a complicated nonlinear constrained problem concerning 3 BP(Error Back Propagation) neural networks. To solve this model, a new 3-layer cultural evolving algorithm framework which has a population space, a medium space and a belief space is firstly conceived. Standard differential evolution algorithm(DE), genetic algorithm(GA), and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO) are embedded in this framework to build 3-layer mixed cultural DE/GA/PSO(3LM-CDE, 3LM-CGA, and 3LM-CPSO) algorithms. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms are firstly tested in 20 benchmark nonlinear constrained functions. Then, the operational optimization model for syngas production in a Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier of a real-world chemical plant is solved effectively. The simulation results are encouraging that the 3-layer cultural algorithm evolving framework suggests ways in which the performance of DE, GA, PSO and other population-based evolutionary algorithms(EAs) can be improved,and the optimal operational parameters based on 3LM-CDE algorithm of the syngas production in the Texaco coalwater slurry gasifier shows outstanding computing results than actual industry use and other algorithms.

短冠磨牙远中邻牙合缺损髓腔固位冠修复的三维有限元分析

背景:对于牙冠高度正常的牙齿,不同髓腔固位深度及不同修复材料的髓腔固位冠修复对牙体组织应力大小及抗折性有影响,对于短冠磨牙缺损利用髓腔修复的研究多集中在临床观察及体外抗折性实验。目的:建立根管治疗后短冠磨牙髓腔固位冠修复的三维有限元模型,分析不同髓腔固位深度及修复材料的修复体对牙本质等效应力分布及大小的影响。方法:在建立完整短冠下颌第一磨牙模型的基础上,建立不同髓腔固位深度(h=2,3,4 mm)、不同修复材料(氧化锆、二硅酸锂)的髓腔固位冠修复短冠磨牙远中邻牙合缺损的三维有限元模型,采用斜向加载,观察等效应力分布情况,计算牙本质等效应力峰值及近中髓室壁近髓室底等效应力平均值。结果与结论:①等效应力集中部位:完整短冠磨牙及修复后各模型应力主要集中在近中根近中颈部及近中根舌侧颈部,修复后各模型垫底层对应的近中髓室壁近髓室底处均有应力集中区,其中以髓腔固位深度4 mm组应力集中明显;②在相同修复材料下,修复后各模型牙本质等效应力峰值均以髓腔固位深度3 mm组最小,近中髓室壁近髓室底处牙本质等效应力平均值均为髓腔固位深度3 mm组最小;③在相同固位深度下,氧化锆组及二硅酸锂组牙本质等效应力峰值及近中髓室壁近髓室底处牙本质等效应力平均值均相差不大;④结果表明,在此次实验条件下,短冠磨牙缺损采用髓腔固位冠修复时固位深度为3 mm更有利于保护剩余牙体组织,修复材料选择氧化锆或二硅酸锂对牙本质应力影响区别不大。

1374例椅旁CAD/CAM全瓷修复体的类型及颜色调查

目的:分析椅旁CAD/CAM全瓷修复体的类型及使用的全瓷材料的颜色区间,为指导临床椅旁全瓷修复的应用及材料的颜色选择提供参考。方法:收集整理2021年1月—2021年12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔修复科使用椅旁CAD/CAM切削IPS e.max CAD材料的修复体相关数据。对修复体的数量、类型和全瓷材料的颜色分布进行调查,分析修复体的类型和材料的颜色分布频率。结果:共纳入1374枚修复体,其中,冠修复体最多,624例,占总修复体的45.41%;贴面516例,占37.55%;嵌体219例,占15.94%;固定桥均为粘接桥,数量最少,仅15例,占1.09%。修复材料的选择方面,低透(LT)瓷块的使用频率显著高于其他透明度的瓷块;A色系为使用频率最高的颜色。贴面最常选用的瓷块为LTA2和LTA1;嵌体使用最多的为LTA3;冠使用最多的为LTA2和LTA3;固定桥使用的瓷块均为LT色系,A3色占多数。结论:使用IPS e.max CAD材料制作的椅旁CAD/CAM全瓷修复体已广泛用于临床,修复体类型包括贴面、嵌体、冠和粘接固定桥。临床最常用的IPS e.max CAD瓷块为LTA2、LTA3、LTA1,这对基层医院的临床修复决策及瓷块储备具有一定的指导意义。

基于3shape数字化扫描制作的临时和长期修复体在拔牙后即刻种植中的应用

目的:探讨基于3shape数字化扫描制作的临时和长期修复体在拔牙后即刻种植中的临床应用效果。方法:采用前瞻性自身对照实验设计,选取我院口腔科2020年6月—2021年3月期间参与即刻种植的60例患者作为研究对象,并分为对照组和试验组,每组各30例,对照组采用传统加工方法制作螺丝固位树脂临时修复体,试验组采用3shape Trios系统辅助制作系统加工制作螺丝固位二硅酸锂修复体,对比两组患者的短期疗效、满意度情况和远期效果。结果:试验组的修复体精准度高于对照组,且WES评分低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组的临床修复时间低于对照组,且平均VAS满意度评分高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组在边缘适应性、解剖外形方面达到优秀的例数均多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于3shape数字化扫描的二硅酸锂修复体在即刻种植中表现优越,具有高修复精准度、短修复时间及高患者满意度。

RE-Si-Al-O玻璃相对高熵稀土双硅酸盐微结构及耐CMAS腐蚀性能的影响

环境障涂层是高功重比航空发动机的关键技术,其目的是阻挡燃气及环境腐蚀介质的侵蚀,为陶瓷基复合材料热端部件提供有效保护。目前,高熵稀土双硅酸盐((xRE_(1/x))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7))是最具潜力的新一代环境障涂层材料。为了进一步提升高熵稀土双硅酸盐的耐高温(1500℃)CMAS(CaO-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2))腐蚀能力,本工作设计制备了一种新型高熵(Y_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Er_(0.25)Tm_(0.25))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)/RE-Si-Al-O(RE=Yb、Y、La)复相陶瓷。结果表明,在复相陶瓷中,RE-Si-Al-O玻璃相不仅能够包裹陶瓷晶粒,而且能够促进稀土双硅酸盐晶粒长大,减少晶界数量,使CMAS熔体的渗入通道数量减少。同时,随着RE-Si-Al-O玻璃相中稀土离子半径增大,玻璃相更易与CMAS熔盐中的Ca^(2+)离子反应,生成磷灰石相,降低CMAS熔体的活性,抑制高温CMAS熔盐对高熵稀土双硅酸盐晶粒的侵蚀,从而提高高熵稀土双硅酸盐的耐高温CMAS腐蚀能力。在1500℃腐蚀48 h后,(Y_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Er_(0.25)Tm_(0.25))_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)/La-Si-Al-O复相陶瓷表面仍残留CMAS熔盐层,表明该复相陶瓷具有良好的耐高温CMAS腐蚀能力。该复相陶瓷的微结构设计为增强环境障涂层材料在高温CMAS环境下的长期应用提供了一种新的思路。

锂基玻璃陶瓷核瓷瓷块种类和厚度对深色基牙遮色能力的研究

目的:研究不同锂基玻璃陶瓷核瓷种类和厚度对深色基牙的遮色能力,为临床医生和技师选择修复材料提出指导意见。方法:将IPS E.max Press低透LT A1色铸瓷块(LT)、中度不透MO1色铸瓷块(MO)和高度不透HO1色铸瓷块(HO)制作成厚度为0.4 mm、0.5 mm、0.6 mm和0.8 mm的瓷片试件,分别粘接在金合金、镍铬合金、ND6色和ND8色树脂底物上,用以模拟金属桩核及深色基牙,以A2色作为基线,使用数字比色仪测量各组Lab值,并与基线相比较计算色差值ΔE。结果:无论是LT、MO还是HO瓷块,随着瓷片厚度的增加,其在不同颜色底物上的色差值均显著减小(除金合金外);当瓷层厚度大于等于0.5 mm时,对于各种底物,HO组的色差值均显著小于MO组和LT组;当瓷层厚度小于等于0.6 mm时,底色偏黄的基牙使用遮色核瓷后效果优于底色偏灰黑的基牙;当瓷层厚度达到0.8 mm时,各类核瓷对各种颜色底物的遮色效果均较好且差异无统计学意义。结论:瓷层厚度、核瓷种类以及基牙底色均会影响最终修复体的颜色,对于深色基牙,使用高度不透的核瓷瓷块和/或增加瓷层厚度均可提高遮色效果。

Glass-Ceramics with High Strength and High Transmittance Obtained by Multi-Factor Controlling

The presence of Li_(2)Si_(2)O_(5) and LiAlSi_(4)O_(10) could effectively improve the elastic modulus and transmittance of lithium disilicate(LD)glass-ceramics.Through synergistically modulation of the crystal content and grain size,we obtained high strength and high transmittance of LD glass-ceramics.The optimal sample had a high transmittance of 90.3%,the hardness was 7.72 GPa,the fracture toughness was 1.07 MPa·m^(1/2),and the elastic modulus was 103.1 GPa.

High-temperature corrosion of sintered RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)(RE=Yb and Ho)environmental barrier coating materials by volcanic ash

Rare-earth silicates are promising environmental barrier coatings(EBCs)that can protect SiC_(f)/Si C_(m)substrates in next-genera tion gas turbine blades.Notably,RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)(RE=Yb and Ho)shows potential as an EBC due to its coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)compatible with substrates and high resistance to water vapor corrosion.The target operating temperature for next-generation tur bine blades is 1400°C.Corrosion is inevitable during adhesion to molten volcanic ash,and thus,understanding the corrosion behavior o the material is crucial to its reliability.This study investigates the high-temperature corrosion behavior of sintered RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)(RE=Yb and Ho).Samples were prepared using a solid-state reaction and hot-press method.They were then exposed to volcanic ash at 1400°C for 224,and 48 h.After 48 h of exposure,volcanic ash did not react with Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)but penetrated its interior,causing damage.Meanwhile Ho_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)was partially dissolved in the molten volcanic ash,forming a reaction zone that prevented volcanic ash melts from penetrating the interior.With increasing heat treatment time,the reaction zone expanded,and the thickness of the acicular apatite grains increased The Ca:Si ratios in the residual volcanic ash were mostly unchanged for Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)but decreased considerably over time for Ho_(2)Si_(2)O_(7).Th Ca in volcanic ash was consumed and formed apatite,indicating that RE^(3+)ions with large ionic radii(Ho>Yb)easily precipitated apatit from the volcanic ash.

二硅酸锂基玻璃陶瓷单端树脂粘接桥修复个别前牙缺失的临床应用

目的探讨二硅酸锂基玻璃陶瓷单端树脂粘接桥修复个别前牙缺失的临床效果,为个别前牙缺失修复方式的选择提供参考。方法本研究已通过单位伦理委员会审查批准,并获得患者知情同意。选取42例单颌前牙缺失数量在两颗内的患者,采用二硅酸锂基玻璃陶瓷单端树脂粘接桥修复,修复后6个月、1年、2年、3年进行随访,评价美学、功能修复效果及牙周健康状况,并采用视觉模拟评分量表(VAS)调查患者的满意度。结果观察期间,42例二硅酸锂基玻璃陶瓷单端树脂粘接桥修复的患者中有1例3个月内连接体发生断裂,1例2年内发生脱粘;美学修复效果的等级均评定为A级;修复后牙周健康状况良好,基牙及桥体下的软硬组织无临床吸收现象,评价指标均为A级;患者总满意率为100%。结论对于个别前牙缺失,二硅酸锂基玻璃陶瓷单端树脂粘接桥可达到微创、固位牢靠、美观舒适和生物相容性好的修复效果,患者满意度高,在临床中可以考虑作为一种理想的修复方式。

二硅酸锂微晶玻璃专利技术发展态势研究

为探究二硅酸锂微晶玻璃全球技术发展态势、区域分布、技术布局和热点前沿,依托IncoPat专利信息检索与分析系统,借助Excel等工具,对全球1325件二硅酸锂微晶玻璃专利进行多维度揭示与分析。结果表明:全球二硅酸锂微晶玻璃技术研发总体呈增长态势;美国、中国、列支敦士登和日本是全球四大技术来源国;中国、美国、日本和欧洲专利局是全球重要目标市场国家和地区;列支敦士登义获嘉伟瓦登特公司、美国康宁公司和日本株式会社小原是全球重要创新主体;中国有三家企业入榜全球前十创新主体;二硅酸锂微晶玻璃的制备、辅助工艺以及二硅酸锂微晶玻璃牙科领域的应用研究是研发热点。研究结果可为我国二硅酸锂微晶玻璃技术创新、产业规划及专利布局提供重要借鉴。