中国南方灯影峡期海洋碳酸盐岩原始δ^(13)C和δ^(18)O组成及海水温度

中国南方灯影峡期(晚前寒武纪)是白云岩广泛发育的海洋碳酸盐沉积时期,在灯影组中部发育从海水直接沉积、沉淀的原生白云岩,目前仍保留其原始组构特征。从40个原生白云石(岩)中测得:泥晶白云石的C值为3.64‰,O值为-1.17‰(n=6);藻白云岩的C值为3.52‰,O值为-1.86‰(n=15);海水纤状白云石胶结物C值为2.90‰,O值为-2.65‰(n=8);海水刃状白云石胶结物的C值为2.96‰,O值为-2.41‰(n=8);泥晶纹层和海水纤状白云石胶结物的C值为2.79‰,O值为-3.13‰。40个岩样的C平均值为3.25‰±0.44‰,O平均值为-2.12‰±0.98‰(均以PDB标准)。对于灯影峡期海相白云岩的原始C和O值,不采用所有样品的平均值,而是采用原生白云石沉积物与海水白云石胶结物C值和O值两个图示分布区重叠部分的最重同位素值,即:C值为4.43‰(PDB标准),O值为-0.62‰(PDB标准),将其作为灯影峡期海洋碳酸盐岩的原始同位素组成。对海水原生白云石胶结物包裹体盐度进行了测定,海水O计算值为2.90‰(SMOW标准),用原始O值计算的原生白云石形成时的海水温度为40.8℃。这说明中国南方灯影峡期的海洋为炎热的较高的海水温度环境。

西藏昌都崩勒溶洞石笋7ka BP以来高分辨δ^(18)O、δ^(13)C记录的气候变化

通过对青藏高原崩勒溶洞石笋进行高精度的230 Th测年和C、O同位素分析,建立了中全新世7ka BP以来西藏昌都地区高分辨率的古气候变化记录。石笋C、O同位素记录揭示出,西藏昌都地区中全新世(约7ka BP)以来的气候演化大致可分为3个气候阶段:7000~4500aBP为暖期阶段,气候总体处于高温暖湿,伴随缓慢降温;4500~2300aBP为降温期阶段,出现持续降温,气候变得干旱;2300aBP至今为升温期阶段,气温及降水均出现波动上升。石笋C、O同位素记录的研究结果表明,中全新世以来研究区存在高温暖湿、快速降温干旱以及后期气候强烈震荡升温的气候过程。通过与董歌洞石笋同位素记录对比表明,崩勒溶洞石笋δ18 O同位素曲线变化的斜率、震荡幅度都要明显高于董歌洞石笋记录,揭示出青藏高原东部季风区的气候波动与全球性冷暖变化具有一致性,但高原石笋同位素记录对气候变化更加敏感。昌都石笋同位素反映的气候变化趋势与低纬地区夏季太阳辐射强度变化正相关,表明太阳辐射强度变化是高原季风影响区气候变化的重要驱动因素。

最近千年来山东半岛西部气候环境变化的石笋δ^(18)O、δ^(13)C记录(Ⅰ)

Ky1石笋采自山东半岛西部的开元洞,沿生长轴方向长度75mm。在高精度U-230 Th测年基础上,通过年纹层连续计数和平均沉积速率内插/外推相结合的定年方法,确定Ky1石笋生长于892—1894AD的1 000年间。在沿石笋生长轴采集的583个样品中,选择303个进行了δ18 O、δ13 C测试,平均分辨率约为3年。结果显示,最近1000年来Ky1石笋的δ18 O比值变化呈现明显阶段性,显示与小冰期(LIA)和中世纪暖期(MWP)对应的数百年尺度波动。根据δ18 O记录,山东半岛在1482AD前后发生与MWP/LIA转换对应的气候突变,1 482AD前相当于夏季风强烈、降水较多的中世纪暖期,1482AD后则为夏季风微弱、降水较少的小冰期,以1609AD夏季风最弱。Ky1石笋的δ13 C比值变化,也由与MWP、LIA相当的两个阶段构成,其间也存在突变关系。比较而言,δ13 C变化要比δ18 O显著平缓,而且LIA后期以来二者变化明显不同步。最近1 000年来,与MWP/LIA对应的气候突变相当于明朝中期;就各个朝代内部的气候变化趋势而言,不同朝代之间不尽相同;不同朝代之间的更替期均大致与MWP、LIA内部的次级气候突变时期对应。因此,中世纪暖期和小冰期内部的次级气候波动对中国社会发展的影响,可能比千年尺度上最剧烈的MWP/LIA突变本身更显著。另一方面,洞穴所在山地的土地利用程度不断提高,其与气候变化共同影响着洞穴所在山地的植被的C3/C4植物构成及土壤性质,从而影响到石笋δ13 C比值。从892—1318AD,土地利用对山地植被构成、土壤特征的影响程度尚不及气候变化;1318—1479AD,已达到或超过小幅度的气候变化;1483—1779AD,达到或超过大幅度的气候变化;1779—1894AD,土地利用程度趋于稳定,气候变化对环境的影响程度则又相对凸显。

广西横县六景中泥盆统Mg、Ca、Na、Sr、δ^(13)C和δ^(18)O化学地层学特征

广西横县六景中泥盆统的Mg、Ca、Sr、Na、1δ3C和1δ8O化学地层特征清晰地量化了该剖面的岩相及其变化规律,并在生物地层框架内,使该剖面的高精度划分和高精度区域性对比成为可能。化学地层数据与该剖面的沉积相和生物相之间存在良好的对应关系,显示那叫期的中泥盆统段为滩后泻湖与蒸发滩3次交替沉积环境;民塘期至谷闭初期为碳酸盐礁滩后斜坡沉积环境。那叫组白云岩的化学地层数据显示不能简单排除白云岩的化学地层学研究价值,可以对成岩作用较弱的细晶、粉晶白云岩,尤其薄层、纹层白云岩开展适度的化学地层学研究。

Hydrogeochemical and isotopic assessment of the origin of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)contents in the aquifer located in a closed lacustrine volcano-sedimentary basin in the metropolitan area of Mexico City

To explain the presence and spatial distribution of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)in the Aquifer of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City(AMAMC),a hydrogeochemical and isotopic analysis using^(13)C DIC(as well as the stable isotopes^(18)O and^(2)H)in groundwater was conducted.This aquifer is located in an old closed lacustrine volcano-sedimentary basin;some wells hosted in the semi-confined zone contain high N-NH_(3)concentrations,while others present NO_(3)^(−)contents in the recharge zones(hosted in an oxidizing environment).In this study,a change in the isotopic signature(primarily in^(18)O and^(2)H)was observed from the recharge zones to the basin center in some of the wells with high NO_(3)^(−)concentrations,this behavior can be attributed to evaporation during the incorporation of recently infiltrated water.In addition,the results for^(13)C(along with ^(2) H)in wells with the highest N-NH_(3)concentrations exhibited an atypically broad range of values.Results indicated the occurrence of hydrogeochemical and/or biochemical processes in the aquifer(in an oxidizing or reducing environment),such as organic degradation,bacterial decomposition(primarily in the ancient Lake Texcoco and which acts as a natural sink for carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus),besides rock weathering and dissolution,which may be responsible for a very marked isotopic modification of the^(13)C(and,to a lesser extent,2 H).Methanotrophic bacterial activity and methanogenic activity may be related to N-NH_(3)removal processes by oxidation and residual water incorporation respectively,whereas the increase in the NO_(3)^(−)content in some wells is due to the recent contribution of poor-quality water due to contamination.

黑云杉林大气CO_2稳定同位素组成δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O的分析

研究CO2稳定同位素特征可以揭示光合、呼吸作用等众多信息,从而有助于了解生态系统与环境之间的碳循环过程。利用大气CO2浓度及其稳定同位素的测定资料,分析稳定同位素比1δ3C、1δ8O,发现两者具有相似的时空分布特征。主要表现在1δ3C和1δ8O在冠层内具有明显的垂直变化趋势,冠层上部重同位素含量较高,而底部含量较低。从时间变化看,1δ3C和1δ8O在午后到日落具有较高的水平,而凌晨,1δ3C和1δ8O较低。运用Keeling图法分析1δ3C、1δ8O和CO2浓度的关系,发现1δ3C值主要受光合和呼吸作用影响,与CO2浓度的高低密切相关;而1δ8O的变化比较复杂,因为1δ8O除受光合、呼吸强度影响外,还取决于环境空气湿度。

基于耳石δ13C和δ18O的黄、渤海秋季小黄鱼补充群体的种群划分

关于小黄鱼的种群划分问题,从20世纪50年代至今一直存在争议。以往研究海洋鱼类种群划分的方法主要有标记重捕法、渔获量分析法、寄生虫标记法、形态表型量度特征法、分子生物学法和钙质结构元素指纹法等,而这些方法在细节的表述方面有各自的局限性。本研究采用稳定同位素质谱分析技术,分析了黄、渤海渔业资源调查中92尾小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)的左矢耳石样品中δ^13C和δ^18O的值,并对每尾小黄鱼耳石δ^13C和δ^18O的值进行聚类分析。结果显示,我国黄、渤海秋季小黄鱼早期补充群体可划分为4个种群,即渤海黄海北部种群、黄海中部种群、黄海南部离岸种群和黄海南部沿岸种群。其中,黄海南部离岸种群和其他3个种群没有站位交叉现象。对聚类分析的结果进行判别分析,得出渤海黄海北部种群的判别成功率为75.9%,黄海中部种群的判别成功率为80.0%,黄海南部离岸种群判别成功率为81.0%,黄海南部沿岸种群判别成功率为95.5%,总体判别成功率为82.6%。首次将黄海南部种群细分为了黄海南部离岸种群和黄海南部沿岸种群,且2种群之间很少有站位的交叉现象。

Origin of Paleofluids in Dabashan Foreland Thrust Belt:Geochemicai Evidence of ^(13)C,^(18)O and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr in Veins and Host Rocks

In the last ten years, with important discoveries from oil and gas exploration in the Dabashan foreland depression belt in the borderland between Shanxi and Sichuan provinces, the relationship between the formation and evolution of, and hydrocarbon accumulation in, this foreland thrust belt from the viewpoint of basin and oil and gas exploration has been studied. At the same time, there has been little research on the origin of fluids within the belt. Based on geochemical system analysis including Z values denoting salinity and research on δ13C, δ18O and S7Sr/S6Sr isotopes in the host rocks and veins, the origin of paleofluids in the foreland thrust belt is considered. There are four principal kinds of paleofluid, including deep mantle-derived, sedimentary, mixed and meteoric. For the deep mantle-derived fluid, the δ13C is generally less than -5.0‰PDB, δ18O less than -10.0‰PDB, Z value less than 110 and 87Sr/86Sr less than 0.70600; the sedimentary fluid is mainly marine carbonate- derived, with the δ13C generally more than -2.0‰PDB, 18δO less than -10.0‰PDB, Z value more than 120 and STSr/S6Sr ranging from 0.70800 to 0.71000; the mixed fluid consists mainly of marine carbonate fluid （including possibly a little mantle-derived fluid or meteoric water）, with the j13C generally ranging from -2.0‰ to -8.0‰PDB, δ18O from -10.0‰ to -18.0‰ PDB, Z value from 105 to 120 and 87Sr/86Sr from 0.70800 to 0.71000; the atmospheric fluid consists mainly of meteoric water, with the δ13C generally ranging from 0.0‰ to -10.0‰PDB, δ18O less than -8.0%rPDB, Z value less than 110 and 87Sr/86Sr more than 0.71000. The Chengkou fault belt encompasses the most complex origins, including all four types of paleofluid; the Zhenba and Pingba fault belts and stable areas contain a simple paleofluid mainly of sedimentary type; the Jimingsi fault belt contains mainly sedimentary and mixed fluids, both consisting of sedimentary fluid and meteoric water. Jurassic rocks of the foreland depression belt contain mainly meteoric fluid.

The Correlation of Inorganic C, O Isotopic Values for Lake Chenghai Sediments and Its Environmental Implications

As one of the lakes on the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Lake Chenghai, which is a typical closed lake with the precipitation accounting for one-third or more of the annual water input, has a high total salinity (almost like a saline lake).The inorganic C,O isotopic composition of lake sediments bears much sensitive information about environmental change in the catchment, while their correlations revealed the hydrological conditions under which the lake was closed. Their compositional variations are controlled by temperature, precipitation, photosynthesis, dissolving equilibrium of the carbonate system and hydrological condition. According to our research on inorganic C, O isotopic composition of Lake Chenghai sediments, we investigated the environmental change of this catchment several decades ago. The results showed that Lake Chenghai has kept good hydrological closing conditions in the past several decades, as indicated by the good correlation of inorganic C, O isotopic composition of sediments; and that the environmental change in this catchment shows a tendency of periodical evolution on a 10\+\{-11\}-years scale, although the signal noise is relatively high at the bottom of the sediment core. And we also can extend C, O isotopes, a sensitive environmental indicator, to nearly saline lake environments with a high degree of mineralization.

贵州SJJ-1石笋δ^(13)C与δ^(18)O的不同步性及原因

为研究石笋δ^(13)C与δ^(18)O在千年尺度随时间的变化关系,通过对比贵州石将军洞SJJ-1石笋的δ^(13)C与δ^(18)O变化发现二者之间既有相似性又不完全同步。千年尺度两者之间的相似性主要由δ^(13)C与δ^(18)O共同受太阳辐射驱动的东亚季风强度变化所致。通过中国地层孢粉反演的植被空间格局变化,碳氧同位素的滞后期与太阳辐射相对于植被变化的滞后时间一致。因植被中δ^(13)C随年降水量增加具有变轻趋势,因此,两者的不同步性更大可能是太阳辐射驱动的季风强度变化与植被变化的不同步性引起。

Use of δ^(18)O, δ^(13)C and NO_(3)^(-) to identify hydrogeochemical processes related to contamination in an aquifer located in central Mexico

In this work,an isotopic analysis of δ^(18)O,δ^(13)C,and NO_(3)^(-) concentrations was carried out to identify the origin and the processes related to the contamination of an aquifer located in the state of Guanajuato,Mexico.The research identified the possible sources of δ^(13)C in groundwater.During groundwater flow,CO_(2) participates in different hydrogeochemical reactions in which the dissolution of carbonates or biochemical processes related to biodegradation stand out.Isotopic data of δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O,and the hydrogeochemical behavior of NO_(3)^(-) and HCO_(3)^(-) in water,in addition to isotopic data and the chemical composition of limestones in the study area,were determined to establish the isotopic signature and the processes undergone by the rocks.The isotopic signature of rock and water samples indicated that metamorphic limestones contributed with carbon dioxide to deep groundwater,while in the upper aquifer,bacterial metabolic reactions during nitrification–denitrification could modify the isotopic signature of δ^(13)C in some wells,although atmospheric contribution also plays a role.The modification of the carbon isotopic component is related to the precipitation of calcite in specific regions of the study area,input of atmospheric CO_(2),and soil(e.g.the possible participation of C4-type plants in the assimilation-release of carbon).This process is not confirmed or completely ruled out in this study since agriculture is excessively developed throughout the region.The joint interpretation of isotopic values and the hydrogeochemical behavior of major and conservative elements help in identifying possible pollution processes in which different carbon sources are related.

Isotopes (¹³C and ¹⁸O) Geochemistry of Lower Triassic Montney Formation, Northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada

Oxygen isotope (δ18O) serves as paleothermometer, and provides paleotemperature for carbonates. δ18O signature was used to estimate the temperature of fractionation of dolomite and calcite in Montney Formation, empirically calculated to have precipitated, between approximately 13°C to ±33°C during Triassic time in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Measurements of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) fractionation, supported by quantitative X-ray diffraction evidence, and whole-rock geochemical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation indicates the presence of calcite, dolomite, magnesium, carbon and other elements. Results from isotopic signature obtained from bulk calcite and bulk dolomite from this study indicates depleted δ13CPDB (-2.18‰ to -8.46‰) and depleted δ18OPDB (-3.54‰ to -16.15‰), which is interpreted in relation to oxidation of organic matter during diagenesis. Diagenetic modification of dolomitized very fine-grained, silty-sandstone of the Montney Formation may have occurred in stages of progressive oxidation and reduction reactions involving chemical elements such as Fe, which manifest in mineral form as pyrite, particularly, during early burial diagenesis. Such mineralogical changes evident in this study from petrography and SEM, includes cementation, authigenic quartz overgrowth and mineral replacement involving calcite and dolomite, which are typical of diagenesis. High concentration of chemical elements in the Montney Formation?-Ca and Mg indicates dolomitization. It is interpreted herein, that calcite may have been precipitated into the interstitial pore space of the intergranular matrix of very fine-grained silty-sandstone of the Montney Formation as cement by a complex mechanism resulting in the interlocking of grains.

New palaeoclimatic insights on the Late Cretaceous environments of Mongolia based on the isotope data (δ^13C,δ^18O) of dinosaur eggshells and pedogenic carbonates from Bayn Dzak section

Isotopic data obtained from the dinosaur eggshells and pedogenic nodules(pedonodules)are interpreted in terms of palaeoclimatology.The material studied originated from the Bayn Dzak locality,Southern Gobi Aimak,Mongolia,having Late Cretaceous(Campanian)age.Stratigraphically the Bayn Dzak locality belongs to the Djadokhta Formation.All the present data(lithology,type of paleosols,FPS-profiles,geochemistry),and the isotopic characteristics of the selected samples show unequivocally that the environments of the Bayn Dzak area in Late Cretaceous(Campanian)time were warm to summer-hot,seasonally dry.Wet seasons(most probably,which took place in the winter time)were not longer than two months with not more than 400 mm precipitation per year.The distribution of isotope data in the dinosaur eggshells show the main relation,which is the dependence ofδ^13C andδ^18O values,i.e.specimens with heavy carbon isotope ratios are characterized by lighter oxygen isotope composition and conversely.Thus,theδ^13C andδ^18O values of the dinosaur eggshells display a clear positive correlation.It may be consequent both with the difference of the isotope composition of diet of the egg-lying animals modified by physicochemical isotope fractionation due to metabolism and changes in the isotope environment,and/or diagenetic alteration of the eggshell carbonate.Obtained isotopic data on the studied dinosaur eggshell fragments and the soil carbonates lend support to our assumption that diagenesis did not play significant role in changing the isotopic values.The distribution ofδ^13C andδ^18O values in eggshells and in pedogenic carbonates shows the visible opposite dependencies.

若尔盖盆地RM孔自生碳酸盐δ^(18)Ο、δ^(13)C记录所揭示的环境演化特征

利用湖泊自生碳酸盐δ１８Ο、δ１３Ｃ指标，研究了青藏高原东部边缘若尔盖盆地９０万年来的环境演化特征，划分了２３个气候阶段，并与黄土记录及深海记录进行了比较。结果显示，各记录９０万年来气候演化阶段及变化趋势具有较好的可比性，但环境特点也存在较大的差异。表明９０万年来若尔盖地区气候变化具有全球一致性的同时也存在有明显的区域特征。ＲＭ孔记录显示在２３、１７、１２等阶段暖而不湿，而１８、１６等阶段冷而不干，钻孔记录揭示的６阶段环境特征也是不同于其它任何记录。另外，在７００—４８０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．时段气候以冷湿暖干为主，明显不同于此时段前后各期的气候特征，也与黄土高原黄土—古土壤系列所揭示的冷干暖湿型气候格局形成鲜明的对照，显示了明显的区域特征。

美国东南部边缘磷成因期与海洋δ^(13)C和δ^(18)O记录的联系

美国东南部边缘磷成因期与海洋δ￣（１３）Ｃ和δ￣（１８）Ｏ记录的联系ＤａｖｉｄＪ．Ｍａｌｌｉｎｓｏｎ等海洋一大气储库中ＣＯ２的生物迁移在地质年代中受磷的可利用性限制。因此，为了推断出关于碳的生物地球化学循环和潜在的气候控制，了解整个地质时代中磷通量是...

塔里木盆地南缘沉积物磁化率、δ^(13)C与粒度及其气候环境意义

本文研究表明, 塔里木盆地南缘湖沼相沉积物质量磁化率与碳酸盐δ13C呈正相关关系, 与粒度参数中 0 56~35 57μm各组分呈显著负相关, 其中同 17 83 ~31 70μm部分负相关性最为显著; 与 56 37~224 4μm之间各组分显著正相关, 其中与 70 96~200μm各组分正相关性最为显著。其气候环境背景与意义表现为: 在寒冷期中, δ13C偏轻, 相对湿度和植被盖度增加, 地表侵蚀减弱, 只有较细物质才能向湖泊沼泽搬运加积, 地表氧化环境减弱, 磁化率减小; 而在温暖期中, 则相反。在区域对比基础上, 根据上述指标将近 4 0ka以来此地区气候环境变化划分了 8个阶段。本文的各种指标 (特别是粒度指标 ) 与GreenlandGISP2冰芯δ18O记录之间有很好的吻合, 表明研究区近 4 0ka以来的气候与环境变化可能具有全球背景。

稳定性C、H、O、N、S同位素在绿茶产区溯源的应用

为确定稳定同位素对绿茶溯源的可行性。利用同位素质谱仪测定来自安徽、福建、贵州、山东、四川、浙江、西藏7地区的绿茶样品的碳、氢、氧、氮、硫同位素。通过比较分析不同地域来源的绿茶中稳定性碳、氢、氧、氮、硫同位素组成特征。结果表明,各地区绿茶中稳定性碳、氢、氧、氮、硫同位素存在一定差异。多同位素指标组合判别效果好于单一同位素指标的判别效果,稳定性碳、氢、氧、氮、硫同位素指标组合分析是绿茶产地溯源的有效指标,准确率可达84.8%。利用稳定性碳、氢、氧、氮、硫同位素指标与多元统计分析方法相结合可以对不同地域来源的绿茶进行有效区分。

广西横县六景吉维特期腕足类Rhynchospirifer和Stringocephalus的环境元素和稳定同位素生物效应

利用现代生物学研究模式,对比了吉维特期不同层位中原地埋藏的Rhynchospirifer属壳体次生层(纤维层)与其围岩之间元素和碳、氧稳定同位素变化,探讨了不同时期同属腕足类的古环境元素和稳定同位素生物效应及其变化趋势;通过对比同层位Rhynchospirifer属和Stringocephalus属化石壳体次生层及其围岩之间的元素变化,探讨了同时期、同生境不同属腕足类的古环境元素生物效应。当环境元素含量发生变化时,Rhynchospirifer因其对各元素生态幅和耐受限度的差异而并不完全对环境中各化学因子的变化产生一致性的响应,而当跨越牙形石Lowervarcus和Middlevarcus亚带后,其属内适应性变异造成属内特异性选择发生一定程度的变化。Stringocephalus和Rhynchospirifer对其耐受限度较小的Al,K,Sc,Co等元素保持较高的属内有效性和特异性选择;对其耐受限度和生理有效性中等、可被其他元素替代的Mn,P,Ni,Cu等元素,其特异性选择有限,并可能与有效性原则和丰度作用相叠加;对于生态幅较宽的V,Cr,Sr,Pb等元素,属内的特异性选择弱化。当与同时期生态龛比邻属种对比时,彼此的生态幅发生部分重叠,部分元素如Mg,Na,As,Pb等的含量甚至较不同时期同属生物更加接近。Rhynchospirifer壳体次生层与其围岩碳、氧同位素比值分别保持着较好的同步性和一致性,即不存在碳、氧同位素生物效应。

ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR HOLOCENE CLIMATIC CHANGES IN BOSTEN LAKE,SOUTHERN XINJIANG,CHINA

Based on the δ13C and δ18O fluctuation of lacustrine carbonate, CaCO3 content and sporopollen data, a palaeoclimatic history of Bosten Lake during the Holocene has been outlined, several stages of climatic changes are divided, and the following result es are obtained: (1) Palaeoclimatic changes revealed by carbonate isotope around Bosten Lake are basically identical with that revealed by other geological records in Xinjiang. Environmental changes presented apparent Westlies Style model: during cold period, relative humidity increased, δ18O, δ13C and CaCO3 appeared low; but in warm periods, the dry regime aggravated. (2) The temperature reflected by δ18O exist evident features being increase in the late period during the Holocene. Together with the δ13C, pollen and CaCO3 analyses, several cold and warm phases which are of broad regional significance can be identified. The warm peaks occurred at about 11.0 ka B.P., 9.4 ka B.P., 7.5 ka B.P., 5.0 ka B.P., 3.0 ka B.P. and 2.0 ka B.P.; the cold peaks at 11.5 ka B.P., 10.5 ka B.P., 8.8 ka B.P., 5.5 ka B.P., 3.3 ka B.P., 2.2 ka B.P. and 1.5 ka B.P.. (3) Several climatic events with the nature of “abrupt climatic changes” are revealed in the periods of 11.0 ka B.P.-10.5 ka B.P., 9.4 ka B.P.-8.8 ka B.P., 5.5 ka B.P.-5.0 ka B.P. and 2.0 ka B.P.-1.5 ka B.P.. (4) The results show that carbonate isotopic record of lacustrine sediment in arid area is very sensitive to climatic changes, and may be play a very important role in understanding the features and mechanism of palaeoclimatic changes.

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of four planktonic foraminiferal species from core-top sediments of the Indonesian throughflow region and their significance

Horizontal and vertical distributions of δ^18 and δ^13 were investigated in shells of four planktonic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquedrina dutertrei, from a total of 62 core-top sediment samples from the Indonesian throughflow region. Results were compared to modern hydrologic conditions in order to explore potential of proxies in reconstructing fluvial discharge and upper ocean water column characteristics in this region. Our results show that, in the Makassar Strait, both of depleted δ^18 and δ^13 of these four species were linked to freshwater input. In the Bali Sea,however, depleted δ^18 and δ^13 for these species may be due to different reasons. Depleted δ^18 was a result of freshwater input and as well influenced by along-shore currents while depleted δ^13 was more likely due to the Java-Sumatra upwelling. Comparison of shell δ^18 records and hydrographic data of World Ocean Atlas 2005 suggests that G. ruber and G. sacculifer calcify within the mixed-layer, respectively at 0–50 m and 20–75 m water depth, and P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei within the upper thermocline, both at 75–125 m water depth. N.dutertrei calcifies at slightly deeper water depth than P. obliquiloculata does. In general, δ^13 values of both G.ruber and G. sacculifer are larger than those of P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei at all sites, possibly related to depth habitats of these species and vertical distribution of nutrients in the Indonesian throughflow region.