microRNA miR-92a-1-p5导入蚜虫条件筛选

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在蚜虫发育过程中具有重要调控作用,近年来利用miRNA作为靶标进行害虫防治逐渐受到人们的重视,但miRNA导入蚜虫的方式有很大局限。为探索miRNA导入蚜虫的最适条件,以豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)为研究对象,探究显微注射、饲喂、纳米系统递送三种方式对microRNA miR-92a-1-p5的导入效果;同时将不同浓度的miRNA模拟物或抑制剂通过纳米递送系统导入蚜虫体内,定量PCR(Quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)筛选miRNA导入蚜虫的最佳浓度。结果发现,蚜虫体壁薄且体液多,显微注射方式会导致内容物流出过多而死亡,因此显微注射方式不适于蚜虫miRNA的导入。使用豌豆苗幼嫩组织吸收miRNA抑制剂后再饲喂蚜虫,发现处理48 h后miR-92a-1-p5表达量下降45.3%,其靶标基因flightin表达量上升65.6%,呈显著负调控(P<0.01),表明该方式适合miRNA在蚜虫中的有效导入。使用纳米材料包裹miRNA模拟物或抑制剂后在蚜虫背板点滴,可实现miRNA在蚜虫中的有效过表达或干涉,且最适浓度为160 ng/μL。综上所述,植物吸收miRNA后饲喂蚜虫的方式和纳米递送系统介导miRNA导入的方式,均能实现miRNA在豌豆蚜中的有效导入,纳米递送系统操作更简单,效率更高。研究为miRNA导入蚜虫方式提供了参考,也为miRNA用于害虫防治提供了新的思路。

The Citron homology domain of MAP4Ks improves outcomes of traumatic brain injury

The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases(MAP4Ks)signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in axonal regrowth and neuronal degeneration following insults.Whether targeting this pathway is beneficial to brain injury remains unclear.In this study,we showed that adeno-associated virus-delivery of the Citron homology domain of MAP4Ks effectively reduces traumatic brain injury-induced reactive gliosis,tauopathy,lesion size,and behavioral deficits.Pharmacological inhibition of MAP4Ks replicated the ameliorative effects observed with expression of the Citron homology domain.Mechanistically,the Citron homology domain acted as a dominant-negative mutant,impeding MAP4K-mediated phosphorylation of the dishevelled proteins and thereby controlling the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.These findings implicate a therapeutic potential of targeting MAP4Ks to alleviate the detrimental effects of traumatic brain injury.

Interaction of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A with the blood-brain barrier

The functional and structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the brain microenvironment;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the blood-brain barrier remain poorly understood.The major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A has been identified as a key regulator of blood-brain barrier function.It plays a critical role in promoting and maintaining the formation and functional stability of the blood-brain barrier,in addition to the transport of lipids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,across the blood-brain barrier.Furthermore,an increasing number of studies have suggested that major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A is involved in the molecular mechanisms of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in a variety of neurological diseases;however,little is known regarding the mechanisms by which major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A affects the blood-brain barrier.This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the close relationship between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins and the blood-brain barrier,including their basic structures and functions,cross-linking between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A and the blood-brain barrier,and the in-depth studies on lipid transport and the regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability.This comprehensive systematic review contributes to an in-depth understanding of the important role of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins in maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the research progress to date.This will not only help to elucidate the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,improve the accuracy of laboratory diagnosis,and optimize clinical treatment strategies,but it may also play an important role in prognostic monitoring.In addition,the effects of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A on blood-brain barrier leakage in various diseases and the research progress on cross-blood-brain barrier drug delivery are summarized.This review may contribute to the development of new approaches for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat,and pyrin domaincontaining protein 3 inflammasome:From action mechanism to therapeutic target in clinical trials

The nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a critical modulator in inflammatory disease.Activation and mutation of NLRP3 can cause severe inflammation in diseases such as chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome,Muckle-Wells syndrome,and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 1.To date,a great effort has been made to decode the underlying mechanisms of NLRP3 activation.The priming and activation of NLRP3 drive the maturation and release of active interleukin(IL)-18 and IL-1βto cause inflammation and pyroptosis,which can significantly trigger many diseases including inflammatory diseases,immune disorders,metabolic diseases,and neurodegenerative diseases.The investigation of NLRP3 as a therapeutic target for disease treatment is a hot topic in both preclinical studies and clinical trials.Developing potent NLRP3 inhibitors and downstream IL-1 inhibitors attracts wide-spectrum attention in both research and pharmaceutical fields.In this minireview,we first updated the molecular mechanisms involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the associated downstream signaling pathways.We then reviewed the molecular and cellular pathways of NLRP3 in many diseases,including obesity,diabetes,and other metabolic diseases.In addition,we briefly reviewed the roles of NLRP3 in cancer growth and relative immune checkpoint therapy.Finally,clinical trials with treatments targeting NLRP3 and its downstream signaling pathways were summarized.

Roles of TRESK,a novel two-pore domain K+channel,in pain pathway and general anesthesia

TRESK is the most recently reported two-pore domain K^＋ channel, and different from other two-pore domain channels in gene, molecular structure, electrophysiological and pharmacological properties. Although the current knowledge of this potassium channel is inadequate, researches have demonstrated that TRESK is remarkablely linked to acute and chronic pain by activation of calcineurin. The fact that TRESK is sensitive to volatile anesthetics and localization in central nerve system implies that TRESK may play a very important role in the mechanism mediating general anesthesia. The further research of TRESK may contribute to explore the underlying mechanism of some pathological conditions and yield novel treatments for some diseases.

无创产前筛查提示胎儿6p22.1-p21.32重复的产前诊断及临床结局分析

目的总结无创产前筛查(NIPS)提示6p22.1-p21.32重复高风险孕妇的羊水诊断结果及妊娠结局,为遗传咨询提供依据。方法收集NIPS提示6p22.1-p21.32重复高风险孕妇的临床信息、羊水诊断结果和妊娠结局,并对相关数据进行分析。本研究通过了郑州大学第一附属医院医学伦理委员会的审查(批准号:2018-YB-08)。结果共发现43例高风险孕妇,其中30人接受了羊水诊断,27例证实为假阳性,3例胎儿均存在其他染色体异常,其中2例判定为可能良性变异,1例为致病性变异。35例胎儿出生正常,1例终止妊娠,7例失访。结论对于NIPS提示6p22.1-p21.32重复高风险的孕妇,应做好遗传咨询,告知其假阳性率高,在尽量减轻心理和经济负担的前提下,建议其接受羊水诊断并定期孕检。

通过成结模拟器研究n^(+)-n^(-)-p碲镉汞高温探测器

第三代红外探测器发展的一个重要方向是高工作温度探测器。对于碲镉汞n-on-p探测器而言,n^(+)-n^(-)-p结构以及良好的钝化工艺能够有效的抑制暗电流的产生,从而在高工作温度条件下获得较好的探测器性能。基于自行开发的成结模拟器,对n^(+)-n^(-)-p结构地高温器件进行了工艺仿真和器件仿真,获得成结过程的制备参数,并结合抑制表面漏电的组分梯度钝化工艺,将高工作温度下的暗电流抑制至理论极限,研制出可以在更高温度工作下的碲镉汞n-on-p红外焦平面探测器。经测试,中波n-on-p红外焦平面器件在不同工作温度下性能优异,在80 K工作温度下噪声等效温差(NETD)达到了6.1 mK,有效像元率为99.96%;而在150 K工作温度下噪声等效温差(NETD)为11.0 mK,有效像元率为99.50%,达到了同类器件的理论极限。

桑黄素通过抑制ERK1/2-p38信号通路介导对老年大鼠骨骼保护作用

【目的】探讨桑黄素(SSS)治疗对老年大鼠骨代谢及骨量影响,并阐明其可能的作用机制。【方法】10只3月龄年轻雌性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠和20只24月龄老年雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组,对照组(CON,10只年轻大鼠)、模型组(MOD,10只老年大鼠)和桑黄素组(SSS,10只老年大鼠)。在实验过程中,SSS组每日接受腹腔注射桑黄素(10 mg/kg)治疗。治疗为期12周,待治疗结束后使用Micro-CT、HE染色切片、血清学检测以及蛋白质印迹观察治疗效果以及可能的机制。【结果】治疗12周后,与MOD组相比,SSS组的大鼠骨小梁数量和密度得到明显的改善。SSS组左侧股骨BMD、Conn.D、Tb.N、Tb.Th和Tb.Sp较MOD组明显改善(P<0.05)。治疗12周时,SSS组CTX-1、骨钙素、TRACP-5b和PINP水平较MOD显著降低(P<0.05)。和MOD组比较,SSS组的大鼠ERK1/2-p38信号通路显著抑制,ERK1/2和p38水平显著降低,比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。【结论】桑黄素通过抑制ERK1/2-p38信号通路和降低骨转换来介导对老年大鼠骨骼保护作用。

USP7-MDM2-p53信号轴对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的影响

目的:探讨泛素特异性蛋白酶7(USP7)调节Mdm2 p53结合蛋白同源物(MDM2)-p53轴对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的影响。方法:Western blot检测人子宫内膜癌组织、癌旁组织、人子宫内膜上皮细胞hEEC及人子宫内膜癌细胞系Ishikawa、HEC-1-A、KLE中USP7蛋白表达。将Ishikawa细胞分为NC组、P22077(USP7抑制剂)组、pcDNA组、pcDNA-MDM2组、P22077+pcDNA组、P22077+pcDNA-MDM2组,CCK-8法和克隆形成实验检测Ishikawa细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测Ishikawa细胞凋亡与细胞周期变化;Western blot检测Ishikawa细胞中USP7、细胞周期蛋白D1(CyclinD1)、周期素依赖性激酶2(CDK2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、MDM2、p53蛋白表达。以RG7388(MDM2抑制剂)或PFT-α(p53抑制剂)与20μmol/L P22077共处理Ishikawa细胞48 h以验证USP7-MDM2-p53信号轴上下游关系。结果:USP7蛋白在子宫内膜癌组织和细胞中高表达,且Ishikawa细胞中USP7蛋白表达量最高,因此,选择Ishikawa细胞为研究对象。与NC组比较,P22077组Ishikawa细胞OD 450值、克隆形成率、S期和G 2/M期细胞数、USP7、CyclinD1、CDK2、MDM2蛋白表达降低,细胞凋亡率、G_(0)/G_(1)期细胞数、p53、Bax蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与NC组、pcDNA组比较,pcDNA-MDM2组Ishikawa细胞OD 450值、克隆形成率、S期和G 2/M期细胞数、USP7、CyclinD1、CDK2、MDM2蛋白表达升高,细胞凋亡率、G_(0)/G_(1)期细胞数、p53、Bax蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与P22077组、P22077+pcDNA组比较,P22077+pcDNA-MDM2组Ishikawa细胞OD 450值、克隆形成率、S期和G 2/M期细胞数、USP7、CyclinD1、CDK2、MDM2蛋白表达升高,细胞凋亡率、G_(0)/G_(1)期细胞数、p53、Bax蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。p53为USP7-MDM2通路下游分子。结论:抑制USP7表达可能通过下调MDM2来激活p53进而抑制Ishikawa细胞增殖、促进细胞凋亡及周期停滞。

基于JNK-p62/SQSTM1信号通路探讨糖肾煎对2型糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞的保护作用

目的 基于c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)-p62/螯合体(SQSTM1)信号通路探讨糖肾煎对2型糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠足细胞的保护作用。方法 SD大鼠随机分成正常组、DN组、糖肾煎低、中、高[生药5、10、20 g/(kg·d)]剂量组(糖肾煎-L、M、H组)、二甲双胍组[100 mg/(kg·d)]。除正常组外,其余各组通过喂养高脂高糖饲料和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)进行DN模型构建。药物干预结束后,检测大鼠血生化指标空腹血糖(FBG)、负荷后2 h血糖(P2 h BG)、血肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)、六胺银(PASM)染色观察肾组织病理学变化;透射电镜(TEM)观察肾小球基底膜损伤和足细胞变化情况;Western印迹检测肾组织中微管相关蛋白1A/1B-轻链(LC)3、p-JNK、JNK、p62/SQSTM1、肾病蛋白(Nephrin)蛋白表达。结果 与正常组比较,DN组FBG、P2 h BG、SCr、BUN水平及p62/SQSTM1蛋白表达明显升高,LC3-Ⅱ、Nephrin蛋白表达和p-JNK/JNK明显降低(P<0.05);光镜下观察到肾小球缩小、管丛系膜明显扩张,并有基底膜增生增厚等现象;TEM下观察到肾小球基底膜增厚、足细胞排列紊乱、形态改变、足突融合等现象。与DN组比较,糖肾煎-L、M、H组和二甲双胍组FBG、P2 h BG、SCr、BUN水平及p62/SQSTM1蛋白表达明显降低,LC3-Ⅱ、Nephrin蛋白表达和p-JNK/JNK明显升高(P<0.05);并且肾小球基底膜增厚、足细胞足突融合等情况均获得一定程度减轻。结论 糖肾煎对2型DN大鼠足细胞具有一定保护作用,可能是通过调控JNK-p62/SQSTM1信号通路,提高足细胞自噬,从而起到肾脏保护功效。

Protein-protein Interaction Between Domains of PDZ and BAR from PICK1

Two DNA fragments encoding PDZ domain （21-110 residues） and BAR domain （ 150-360 residues） from PICK1 （1-416 residues） were amplified by PCR and then introduced into vectors, pET-32M and pMAL-e2X respectively to generate recombinant plasmids, pE-pdz and pM-bar. Having been separately transferred into the hosts E. coli BL21 and E. coli JM109, these two strains can express fusion proteins： His-tagged PDZ（PDZ domain） and maltose binding protein-BAR（ MBP-BAR domain） respectively, as confirmed by both SDS-PAGE and Wostem blotting. The interaction between these two domains is dose-dependence, as identified by a pull-down test. Moreover, it has been shown from the ELISA analysis that the actual amount of PDZ bound to MBP-BAR-amylose beads reaches （ 16 ± 0. 5）%, as calculated by the molar ratio of PDZ to MBP-BAR. In addition, the interaction between BAR（bait） and PDZ（prey） in vivo was also examined with a yeast two-hybrid system.

Ages of the Laocheng Granitoids and Crustal Growth in the South Qinling Tectonic Domain,Central China:Zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf Isotopic Constraints

The Laocheng granitoid pluton is located in the South Qinling tectonic domain of the Qinling orogenic belt,southern Shaanxi Province,and consists chiefly of quartz diorite,granodiorite and monzogranite.A LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic dating,in conjunction with cathodoluminescence images,reveals that the quartz diorite and granodiorite were emplaced from 220 Ma to 216 Ma,while the monzogranite was emplaced at～210 Ma.In-situ zircon Hf isotopic analyses show that theε_（Hf）（t） values of the quartz diorite and granodiorite range from-8.1 to ＋1.3,and single-stage Hf model ages from 809 Ma to 1171 Ma,while theε_（Hf）（t）values of the monzogranite are-14.5 to ＋16.7 and single-stage Hf model ages from 189 Ma to 1424 Ma.These Hf isotopic features reveal that the quartz diorite, granodiorite and monzogranite were formed from the mixing of the magmas derived from partial melting of the depleted mantle and the lower continent crustal materials,and there were two stages of continental crust growth during the Neoproterozoic（～800 Ma）and Indosinian（～210 Ma）eras, respectively,in the south Qinling tectonic domain of the Qinling orogrnic belt,Central China.

SCHWARZ-PICK ESTIMATES FOR BOUNDED HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS ON CLASSICAL DOMAINS

In this paper, Schwarz-Pick estimates for high order Fr′echet derivatives of bounded holomorphic functions on three kinds of classical domains are presented. We generalize the early work on Schwarz-Pick estimates of higher order partial derivatives for bounded holomorphic functions on the disk and unit ball.

猪肺炎支原体P46-P65重组蛋白的表达及间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)血清学调查及免疫评估方法,本研究利用DNAStar生物学软件对Mhp的P46和P65进行抗原表位分析,利用重叠延伸PCR(SOE-PCR)获得P46-P65融合基因,构建重组表达质粒pETP46-P65,将其转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经诱导后获得了可溶性表达的重组P46(aa33~aa419)-P65(aa307~aa627)蛋白(rP46-P65)。以纯化的r P46-P65为包被抗原,经优化各反应条件后建立了检测Mhp抗体的间接ELISA方法。特异性试验结果显示所建立的方法与CSFV、FMDV、PEDV、PCV2、PRV、PRRSV和APP等阳性血清均无交叉反应。该方法可检测到最高稀释至6 400倍的Mhp阳性血清,批内和批间变异系数均小于5%。利用IDEXX试剂盒和本研究建立的方法同时检测298份临床血清样品,前者的检测阳性率为62.4%(186/298),后者的检测阳性率为73.8%(220/298),两者检测结果的总符合率为88.6%。IDEXX检测为阳性的血清,采用本研究建立的ELISA方法检测也均为阳性;而部分Mhp阳性猪经IDEXX试剂盒检测为阴性的血清,该ELISA方法检测结果却为阳性,其中79.4%(27/34)检测结果有差异的血清经Mhp颜色变化试验证明均为阳性,表明本研究建立的ELISA方法的敏感性明显高于IDEXX方法。本研究建立的检测猪Mhp抗体的间接ELISA方法与目前广泛使用的方法相比优势明显,为临床血清流行病学调查及血清抗体水平评估提供了可行方法。

Replacement of annular domain with trapezoidal domain in computational modeling of nonaqueous-phase-liquid dissolution-front propagation problems

In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the NAPL dissolution front can be initiated. This will require a huge number of finite elements if a whole NAPL dissolution system is simulated in the computational model. Even though modern supercomputers might be used to tackle this kind of NAPL dissolution problem, it can become prohibitive for commonly-used personal computers to do so. The main purpose of this work is to investigate whether or not the whole NAPL dissolution system of an annular domain can be replaced by a trapezoidal domain, so as to greatly reduce the requirements for computer efforts. The related simulation results have demonstrated that when the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a subcritical state, if the dissolution pattern around the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.However, if the dissolution pattern away from the vicinity of the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain can be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system. When the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a supercritical state, a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.

Role of adhesion molecules and dendritic cells in rat hepatic/renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and anti-adhesive intervention with anti-P-selectin lectin-EGF domain monoclonal antibody

AIM: To investigate the role of P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and dendritic cells (DCs)in liver/kidney of rats with hepatic/renal ischemiareperfusion injury and the preventive effect of anti-Pselectin lectin-EGF domain monoclonal antibody (anti-PsLEGFmAb) on the injury.METHODS: Rat models of hepatic and renal ischemiareperfusion were established. The rats were then divided into two groups, one group treated with anti-PsL-EGFmAb(n = 20) and control treated with saline (n = 20). Both groups were subdivided into four groups according to reperfusion time (1, 3, 6 and 24 h). The sham-operated group (n = 5) served as a control group. DCs were observed by the microscopic image method, while P-selectin and ICAM-1 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: P-selectin increased significantly in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells 1 h after ischemia-reperfusion, and the expression of ICAM-1 was up-regulated in hepatic sinusoid and renal vessels after 6 h. CD1a+CD80+DCs gradually increased in hepatic sinusoidal endothelium and renal tubules and interstitium 1 h after ischemia-reperfusion, and there was the most number of DCs in 24-h group. The localization of DCs was associated with rat hepatic/renal function.These changes became less significant in rats treated with anti-PsL-EGFmAb.CONCLUSION: DCs play an important role in immune pathogenesis of hepatic/renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Anti-PsL-EGFmAb may regulate and inhibit local DC immigration and accumulation in liver/kidney.

Hes1调控AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN通路的一种物理机制

基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程,建立理论模型研究发状分裂相关增强子1(Hairy and enhancer of split 1,Hes1)调控蛋白激酶B(Protein Kinase B,AKT)-鼠双微体2(Murine Double Minute2,MDM2)-抗癌基因p53(p53)-第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因(Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)通路的一种物理机制.研究发现,Hes1通过与PTEN结合抑制PTEN表达,并调控AKT信号.表明了Hes1蛋白的合成,以及Hes1与PTEN相互作用调控AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN通路信号,将会有效地控制细胞结果.Hes1作为AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN信号通路中上游调节的重要因素,还可以在一定程度上通过影响p53蛋白功能,改变p53对肿瘤的抑制性.理论结果可用于预测Notch通路信号异常诱导的致癌性,并进一步揭示了Notch信号通路影响细胞AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN通路的激活机制.

基于Sablik-Preisach模型的非晶合金磁滞与磁致伸缩特性模拟方法

非晶铁芯具有优异的高频磁性能,但较电工钢等软磁材料具有更显著的磁致伸缩效应,在高频及谐波激励下的磁致伸缩特性较为复杂。该文基于内能最小原理,根据磁滞能量密度函数描述磁滞与磁致伸缩的耦合关系,并利用磁畴能量沿磁场方向贡献的总和表示无磁滞磁化强度,建立以磁滞效应为基础的Sablik模型。采用将基本磁化曲线线性分段的方法对涡流损耗的表达式进行修正,进而建立动态Preisach模型,引入铁磁材料的非线性本构关系,构造单频正弦激励下磁滞与磁致伸缩解析表达式,并提出相应参数辨识方法。在谐波激励下,基于线性叠加原理推导对应场量的表达式,并进一步提出谐波激励下非晶合金的磁滞与磁致伸缩特性模拟方法。最后,模拟了非晶合金材料分别在正弦和谐波激励下的磁滞回线与磁致伸缩回线,通过与测量结果及传统方法进行对比,结果表明所提方法在正弦和谐波激励下的损耗与磁致伸缩误差分别小于5%与10%,验证了所提方法的准确性和通用性。

Analysis of OSA Syndrome from PPG Signal Using CART-PSO Classifier with Time Domain and Frequency Domain Features

Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)is a respiratory syndrome that occurs due to insufficient airflow through the respiratory or respiratory arrest while sleeping and sometimes due to the reduced oxygen saturation.The aim of this paper is to analyze the respiratory signal of a person to detect the Normal Breathing Activity and the Sleep Apnea(SA)activity.In the proposed method,the time domain and frequency domain features of respiration signal obtained from the PPG device are extracted.These features are applied to the Classification and Regression Tree(CART)-Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)classifier which classifies the signal into normal breathing signal and sleep apnea signal.The proposed method is validated to measure the performance metrics like sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and F1 score by applying time domain and frequency domain features separately.Additionally,the performance of the CART-PSO(CPSO)classification algorithm is evaluated through comparing its measures with existing classification algorithms.Concurrently,the effect of the PSO algorithm in the classifier is validated by varying the parameters of PSO.

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Based on Discriminative Subspace Learning for Cross-Project Defect Prediction

:Cross-project defect prediction(CPDP)aims to predict the defects on target project by using a prediction model built on source projects.The main problem in CPDP is the huge distribution gap between the source project and the target project,which prevents the prediction model from performing well.Most existing methods overlook the class discrimination of the learned features.Seeking an effective transferable model from the source project to the target project for CPDP is challenging.In this paper,we propose an unsupervised domain adaptation based on the discriminative subspace learning(DSL)approach for CPDP.DSL treats the data from two projects as being from two domains and maps the data into a common feature space.It employs crossdomain alignment with discriminative information from different projects to reduce the distribution difference of the data between different projects and incorporates the class discriminative information.Specifically,DSL first utilizes subspace learning based domain adaptation to reduce the distribution gap of data between different projects.Then,it makes full use of the class label information of the source project and transfers the discrimination ability of the source project to the target project in the common space.Comprehensive experiments on five projects verify that DSL can build an effective prediction model and improve the performance over the related competing methods by at least 7.10%and 11.08%in terms of G-measure and AUC.