AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver di...AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver disease or hepatic cellular carcinoma were admitted to the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing University,China for orthotopic liver transplantation.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:PN group(n = 33) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) group(n = 33).All patients received isocaloric and isonitrogenous PN for seven days after surgery,and in PUFA group omega-3 fish oil lipid emulsion replaced part of the standard lipid emulsion.Liver function was tested on days 2 and 9 after surgery.Pathological examination was performed after reperfusion of the donor liver and on day 9.Clinical outcome was assessed based on the post-transplant investigations,including:(1) post-transplant mechanical ventilation;(2) total hospital stay;(3) infectious morbidities;(4) acute and chronic rejection;and(5) mortality(intensive care unit mortality,hospital mortality,28-d mortality,and survival at a one-year post-transplant surveillance period).RESULTS:On days 2 and 9 after operation,a significant decrease of alanine aminotransferase(299.16 U/L ± 189.17 U/L vs 246.16 U/L ± 175.21 U/L,P = 0.024) and prothrombin time(5.64 s ± 2.06 svs 2.54 s ± 1.15 s,P = 0.035) was seen in PUFA group compared with PN group.The pathological results showed that omega-3 fatty acid supplement improved the injury of hepatic cells.Compared with PN group,there was a significant decrease of post-transplant hospital stay in PUFA group(18.7 d ± 4.0 d vs 20.6 d ± 4.6 d,P = 0.041).Complications of infection occurred in 6 cases of PN group(2 cases of pneumonia,3 cases of intra-abdominal abscess and 1 case of urinary tract infection),and in 3 cases of PUFA group(2 cases of pneumonia and 1 case of intra-abdominal abscess).No acute or chronic rejection and hospital mortality were found in both groups.The one-year mortality in PN group was 9.1%(3/33),one died of pulmonary infection,one died of severe intra-hepatic cholangitis and hepatic dysfunction and the other died of hepatic cell carcinoma recurrence.Only one patient in PUFA group(1/33,3.1%) died of biliary complication and hepatic dysfunction during follow-up.CONCLUSION:Post-transplant parenteral nutritional support combined with omega-3 fatty acids can significantly improve the liver injury,reduce the infectious morbidities,and shorten the post-transplant hospital stay.展开更多
AIM: To assess the value of long-chain w-3 fatty acids (FAs) supplementation in addition to amino-salicylic-acid (5-ASA) in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (20 ma...AIM: To assess the value of long-chain w-3 fatty acids (FAs) supplementation in addition to amino-salicylic-acid (5-ASA) in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (20 males and 18 females, mean age 10.13 years, range 5-16 years) with CD in remission were randomized into two groups and treated for 12 too. Group Ⅰ (18 patients) received 5-ASA (50 mg/kg/d)+w-3 FAs as triglycerides in gastroresistant capsules, 3 g/d (eicosapentanoic acid, EPA, 400 mg/g, docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 200 mg/g). Group Ⅱ (20 patients) received 5-ASA (50 mg/kg/d)+olive oil placebo capsules. Patients were evaluated for fatty acid incorporation in red blood cell membranes by gas chromatography at baseline 6 and 12 mo after the treatment. RESULTS: The number of patients who relapsed at 1 year was significantly lower in group I than in group Ⅱ (P〈0.001). Patients in group I had a significant increase in the incorporation of EPA and DHA (P〈0.001) and a decrease in the presence of arachidonic acids. CONCLUSION: Enteric-coated w-3 FAs in addition to treatment with 5-ASA are effective in maintaining remission of pediatric CD.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major health burden. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease and a major in- dependent cardiovascular risk factor. Lacking a definit...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major health burden. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease and a major in- dependent cardiovascular risk factor. Lacking a definite treatment for NAFLD, a specific diet and an increase in physical activity represent the most commonly used therapeutic approaches. In this review, major literature data about the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty ac- ids (n-3 PUFAs) as a potential treatment of NAFLD have been described, n-3 PUFAs, besides having a beneficial impact on most of the cardio-metabolic risk factors (hy- pertension, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis) by regulating gene transcription factors [i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) cz, PPARy, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-i, carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein], im- pacts both lipid metabolism and on insulin sensitivity. In addition to an enhancement of hepatic beta oxidation and a decrease of the endogenous lipid production, n-3 PUFAs are able to determine a significant reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor-~ and interleukin-6) and of oxygen reac- tive species. Further strengthening the results of the in vitro studies, both animal models and human interven- tion trials, showed a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs on the severity of NAFLD as expressed by laboratory pa- rameters and imaging measurements. Despite available results provided encouraging data about the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs as a treatment of NAFLD in humans, well- designed randomized controlled trials of adequate size and duration, with histological endpoints, are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of PUFA, as well as other therapies, for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. It is worthwhile to consider that n-3 PUFAs cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be derived from exogenous sources (fish oil, flaxseeds, olive oil) which are typical foods of the Mediterranean diet, known for its beneficial effects in preventing obesity, diabetes and, in turn, cardiovascular events. According to these data, it is important to consider that most of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs can also be obtained by an equilibrate nutrition program.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effects of simvastatin combined with omega-3 fatty acids on high sensitive C-reactive protein(HsCRP), lipidemia, and fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD risk equivalent patie...Objective To evaluate the effects of simvastatin combined with omega-3 fatty acids on high sensitive C-reactive protein(HsCRP), lipidemia, and fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipi-demia. Methods A randomized, double-blind placebo controlled and parallel group trial was conducted. Patients with CHD and CHD risk equivalents with mixed dyslipidemia were treated with 10 or 20 mg simvastatin for 6-12 weeks. Following with the treatment of patients whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) reaching goal level (< 100 mg/dL) or close to the goal (< 130 mg/dL), while triglyceride (TG) ≥200 mg/dL and < 500 mg/dL, was combined with omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/d) or a placebo for 2 months. The effects of the treatment on HsCRP, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-ch, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch), TG, lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)], apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were investigated. Forty patients finished the study with each group consisting of twenty patients. Results (1) There were significant reductions of HsCRP, TG, TC, and TC/HDL-ch, which decreased by 2.16 ±2.77 mg/L (38.5%), 94.0 ±65.4 mg/dL (31.1%), 13.3 ±22.3 mg/dL (6.3%), 0.78 ±1.60 respectively in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P< 0.01, < 0.001, < 0.05, < 0.05) compared to the baseline. HsCRP and triglyceride reduction were more significant in omega-3 fatty acids group compared to the placebo group (P=0.021 and 0.011 respectively). (2) In the omega-3 fatty acids group, the values and percentage of TG reduction had a significantly positive relation with HsCRP reduction (r=0.51 and 0.45, P=0.021 and 0.047 respectively). Conclusion In CHD and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia’s therapeutic effect using simvastatin and omega-3 fatty acids may result from not only the combination of lipid adjustment, but also enhancement of their own nonlipid influences.展开更多
The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids. Incorporation of ω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability, ...The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids. Incorporation of ω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability, suggesting more health beneficial phospholipids. This study aimed to optimize eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) incorporation into phospholipids structure by acidolysis reaction using free lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from Rhizomucor miehei. Deoiled soy lecithin from anjasmoro variety was used as phospholipids source, while ω-3 fatty acid enriched oil was used as acyl source. Oil enriched with ω-3 fatty acids was obtained from low temperature solvent crystallization of lemuru (Sardinella longiceps) by-product. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in this study to determine the relationship between the three factors (enzyme concentration, reaction time and substrate ratio) and their effects on EPA incorporation into soy lecithin structure. The results showed that the relation between EPA content with three factors (reaction time, enzyme concentration and substrate ratio) was quadratic. The significant factors were substrate ratio and reaction time. Optimum conditions at a ratio of 3.77:1 between ω-3 fatty acids enriched oil and soy lecithin, 30% lipase concentration, and 24.08 h reaction time, gave 22.81% of EPA content of structured phospholipids.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(ω-3 PUFA) administration on liver regeneration after 90% partial hepatectomy(PH) in rats.METHODS:ω-3 PUFAs were intravenously injected in the ...AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(ω-3 PUFA) administration on liver regeneration after 90% partial hepatectomy(PH) in rats.METHODS:ω-3 PUFAs were intravenously injected in the ω-3 PUFA group before PH surgery.PH,sparing only the caudate lobe,was performed in both the control and the ω-3 PUFA group.Survival rates,liver weight/body weight ratios,liver weights,HE staining,transmission electron microscope imaging,nuclearassociated antigen Ki-67,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and signal transduction were evaluated to analyze liver regeneration.RESULTS:All rats in the control group died within 30 h after hepatectomy.Survival rates in the ω-3 PUFA group were 20/20 at 30 h and 4/20 1 wk after PH.Liver weight/body weight ratios and liver weights increased significantly in the ω-3 PUFA group.The structure of sinusoidal endothelial cells and space of Disse was greatly restored in the ω-3 PUFA group compared to the control group after PH.In the ω-3 PUFA group,interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly increased whereas IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-levels were dramatically decreased.In addition,activation of protein kinase B(Akt) and of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway were identified at an earlier time after PH in the ω-3 PUFA group.CONCLUSION:Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may prevent acute liver failure and promote liver regeneration after 90% hepatectomy in rats.展开更多
This experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimany to study the effect of different levels of Flax seed powder (FP) as a source of omega-3 on the carcass characteristics of Karadi Iambs...This experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimany to study the effect of different levels of Flax seed powder (FP) as a source of omega-3 on the carcass characteristics of Karadi Iambs. It used 20 male Karadi lambs, with an average live-weight of 28 ± 0.398 kg and 4-5 months. They were randomly distributed to 4 treatments. FP was supplemented at the levels of 3%, 6% and 9% compared with the control group for 88 days. At the end of the experiment 12 lambs were slaughtered after overnight fasting of feed. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h at 4 ℃. Then, several measurements of carcass characteristics were taken. The results showed: no significant differences have been shown in relation to daily feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The treatment 9% recorded the highest in hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold carcass weight (CCW), rib eye area (REA) and the lowest fat thickness of subcutaneous fat as compared to other treatments. While, no significant differences in dressing percentage (DP) were seen between treatments. Generally percentage of tail fat related to carcass weight and subcutaneous fat to intermuscular fat ratio decreased with FP supplementation. About carcass cuts, significant (P 〈 0.05) differences were seen in percentage of major carcass cuts (leg, rack, loin and shoulder) and secondary cuts (neck, foreshank, flank and breast cuts) relative to cold carcass weight. It can be concluded that using Flax seed powder (FP) as a source of omega-3 supplementation improved carcass characteristics and efficiency of meat production.展开更多
The aim of this research was to enrich table eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), especially with essential eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). After five weeks of feedin...The aim of this research was to enrich table eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), especially with essential eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). After five weeks of feeding of laying hens with standard and experimental diets, there was analysis carried out to determine the fatty acid profile in egg yolks of both groups. Omega-3 eggs contain statistically significantly (P 〈 0.05) less sum of saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and more∑n-3 PUFA, as well as narrower ratio of∑n-6/∑n-3 PUFA than conventional eggs. If referring to individual fatty acids of omega-3 eggs, there were increased portions (P 〈 0.05) of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), EPA and DHA determined in this research, which was in line with the research objective. Within the presented research, concentration of n-3 PUFA in egg yolk lipids of experimental group was two times higher than that in the control group. The ratio of ∑n-6 PUFA/∑n-3 PUFA was reduced from 12.04 to 6.17. Within their enzymatic system, laying hens can act as a bioreactor to naturally enrich their eggs with n-3 PUFA, especially with EPA and DHA. The results of this research proved that the fatty acid profile can be modified by designing of laying hens' diets with specific forages. Eggs were enriched with favorable fatty acids in the following order: α-LNA 〉 DHA 〉 DPA 〉 EPA.展开更多
This study evaluates the incorporation of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) through the golden flaxseed in snacks' formulations with and without seasoning. Snacks with different formulations presented significan...This study evaluates the incorporation of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) through the golden flaxseed in snacks' formulations with and without seasoning. Snacks with different formulations presented significant differences (P 〈 0.05) in their proximate composition, mainly for total lipids and moisture content. Regarding the fatty acids profile, six different fatty acids were found: 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 18:2n-6 (LA) and 18:3n-3. The majority fatty acid was 18:2n-6 (LA) due to the predominance of corn in the products formulation. The incorporation of 18:3n-3 was observed, and this fatty acid was not affected by the extrusion temperature during the processing or the storage time. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that the product developed with addition of golden flaxseed had mild acceptance among the panelists. Thus, it was concluded that the addition of flaxseed is feasible for the nutritional enrichment of corn snacks.展开更多
Besides their possible effects on the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),some environmental factors can modulate the clinical course of both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD).This review i...Besides their possible effects on the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),some environmental factors can modulate the clinical course of both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD).This review is mainly devoted to describing the current knowledge of the impact of some of these factors on the outcome of IBD,with special emphasis on smoking and diet.Although the impact of smoking on the susceptibility to develop CD and UC is firmly established,its influence on the clinical course of both diseases is still debatable.In CD,active smoking is a risk factor for postoperative recurrence.Beyond this clinical setting,smoking cessation seems to be advantageous in those CD patients who were smokers at disease diagnosis,while smoking resumption may be of benefit in ex-smokers with resistant UC.The role of dietary habits on the development of IBD is far from being well established.Also,food intolerances are very frequent,but usually inconsistent among IBD patients,and therefore no general dietary recommendations can be made in these patients.In general,IBD patients should eat a diet as varied as possible.Regarding the possible therapeutic role of some dietary components in IBD,lessons should be drawn from the investigation of the primary therapeutic effect of enteral nutrition in CD.Low-fat diets seem to be particularly useful.Also,some lipid sources,such as olive oil,medium-chain triglycerides,and perhaps omega-3 fatty acids,might have a therapeutic effect.Fermentable fiber may have a role in preventing relapses in inactive UC.展开更多
An Australian food composition database, AUSNUT1999, does not include long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC omega-3 PUFA) data. Measurement of the fatty acid content of diets initially analysed using AUS...An Australian food composition database, AUSNUT1999, does not include long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC omega-3 PUFA) data. Measurement of the fatty acid content of diets initially analysed using AUSNUT1999 requires conversion to AUSNUT2007, an updated database inclusive of LC omega-3 PUFA. The aim of this study was to convert clinical trial dietary data from AUSNUT1999 to AUSNUT2007 and measure LC omega-3 PUFA intake. Clinical trial diet history (DH) data was converted from AUSNUTI999 to 2007 using a staged approach. Macronutrient intake from AUSNUTI999 and 2007 were calculated and compared via paired t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Mean dietary LC omega-3 PUFA intake and the percentage contribution of food groups to total LC omega-3 PUFA were then calculated. DHs were collected at baseline (n = 118), three months (n = 86), and 12 months (n = 64). The accuracy of the conversion process improved with time, with no significant difference between most macronutrients at 12 months. Mean LC n-3 PUFA intake was 441.87 mg at baseline, 521.07 mg at 3 months, and 442.40 mg at 12 months, and was predominantly provided by fish and seafood, followed by meat products. This study allowed for the measurement of LC omega-3 intake, which was previously impossible using the AUSNUT 1999 database.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants From Jiangsu Provincial Government,China,No. ZX200605
文摘AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver disease or hepatic cellular carcinoma were admitted to the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing University,China for orthotopic liver transplantation.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:PN group(n = 33) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) group(n = 33).All patients received isocaloric and isonitrogenous PN for seven days after surgery,and in PUFA group omega-3 fish oil lipid emulsion replaced part of the standard lipid emulsion.Liver function was tested on days 2 and 9 after surgery.Pathological examination was performed after reperfusion of the donor liver and on day 9.Clinical outcome was assessed based on the post-transplant investigations,including:(1) post-transplant mechanical ventilation;(2) total hospital stay;(3) infectious morbidities;(4) acute and chronic rejection;and(5) mortality(intensive care unit mortality,hospital mortality,28-d mortality,and survival at a one-year post-transplant surveillance period).RESULTS:On days 2 and 9 after operation,a significant decrease of alanine aminotransferase(299.16 U/L ± 189.17 U/L vs 246.16 U/L ± 175.21 U/L,P = 0.024) and prothrombin time(5.64 s ± 2.06 svs 2.54 s ± 1.15 s,P = 0.035) was seen in PUFA group compared with PN group.The pathological results showed that omega-3 fatty acid supplement improved the injury of hepatic cells.Compared with PN group,there was a significant decrease of post-transplant hospital stay in PUFA group(18.7 d ± 4.0 d vs 20.6 d ± 4.6 d,P = 0.041).Complications of infection occurred in 6 cases of PN group(2 cases of pneumonia,3 cases of intra-abdominal abscess and 1 case of urinary tract infection),and in 3 cases of PUFA group(2 cases of pneumonia and 1 case of intra-abdominal abscess).No acute or chronic rejection and hospital mortality were found in both groups.The one-year mortality in PN group was 9.1%(3/33),one died of pulmonary infection,one died of severe intra-hepatic cholangitis and hepatic dysfunction and the other died of hepatic cell carcinoma recurrence.Only one patient in PUFA group(1/33,3.1%) died of biliary complication and hepatic dysfunction during follow-up.CONCLUSION:Post-transplant parenteral nutritional support combined with omega-3 fatty acids can significantly improve the liver injury,reduce the infectious morbidities,and shorten the post-transplant hospital stay.
文摘AIM: To assess the value of long-chain w-3 fatty acids (FAs) supplementation in addition to amino-salicylic-acid (5-ASA) in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (20 males and 18 females, mean age 10.13 years, range 5-16 years) with CD in remission were randomized into two groups and treated for 12 too. Group Ⅰ (18 patients) received 5-ASA (50 mg/kg/d)+w-3 FAs as triglycerides in gastroresistant capsules, 3 g/d (eicosapentanoic acid, EPA, 400 mg/g, docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 200 mg/g). Group Ⅱ (20 patients) received 5-ASA (50 mg/kg/d)+olive oil placebo capsules. Patients were evaluated for fatty acid incorporation in red blood cell membranes by gas chromatography at baseline 6 and 12 mo after the treatment. RESULTS: The number of patients who relapsed at 1 year was significantly lower in group I than in group Ⅱ (P〈0.001). Patients in group I had a significant increase in the incorporation of EPA and DHA (P〈0.001) and a decrease in the presence of arachidonic acids. CONCLUSION: Enteric-coated w-3 FAs in addition to treatment with 5-ASA are effective in maintaining remission of pediatric CD.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major health burden. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease and a major in- dependent cardiovascular risk factor. Lacking a definite treatment for NAFLD, a specific diet and an increase in physical activity represent the most commonly used therapeutic approaches. In this review, major literature data about the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty ac- ids (n-3 PUFAs) as a potential treatment of NAFLD have been described, n-3 PUFAs, besides having a beneficial impact on most of the cardio-metabolic risk factors (hy- pertension, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis) by regulating gene transcription factors [i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) cz, PPARy, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-i, carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein], im- pacts both lipid metabolism and on insulin sensitivity. In addition to an enhancement of hepatic beta oxidation and a decrease of the endogenous lipid production, n-3 PUFAs are able to determine a significant reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor-~ and interleukin-6) and of oxygen reac- tive species. Further strengthening the results of the in vitro studies, both animal models and human interven- tion trials, showed a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs on the severity of NAFLD as expressed by laboratory pa- rameters and imaging measurements. Despite available results provided encouraging data about the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs as a treatment of NAFLD in humans, well- designed randomized controlled trials of adequate size and duration, with histological endpoints, are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of PUFA, as well as other therapies, for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. It is worthwhile to consider that n-3 PUFAs cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be derived from exogenous sources (fish oil, flaxseeds, olive oil) which are typical foods of the Mediterranean diet, known for its beneficial effects in preventing obesity, diabetes and, in turn, cardiovascular events. According to these data, it is important to consider that most of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs can also be obtained by an equilibrate nutrition program.
文摘Objective To evaluate the effects of simvastatin combined with omega-3 fatty acids on high sensitive C-reactive protein(HsCRP), lipidemia, and fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipi-demia. Methods A randomized, double-blind placebo controlled and parallel group trial was conducted. Patients with CHD and CHD risk equivalents with mixed dyslipidemia were treated with 10 or 20 mg simvastatin for 6-12 weeks. Following with the treatment of patients whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) reaching goal level (< 100 mg/dL) or close to the goal (< 130 mg/dL), while triglyceride (TG) ≥200 mg/dL and < 500 mg/dL, was combined with omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/d) or a placebo for 2 months. The effects of the treatment on HsCRP, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-ch, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch), TG, lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)], apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were investigated. Forty patients finished the study with each group consisting of twenty patients. Results (1) There were significant reductions of HsCRP, TG, TC, and TC/HDL-ch, which decreased by 2.16 ±2.77 mg/L (38.5%), 94.0 ±65.4 mg/dL (31.1%), 13.3 ±22.3 mg/dL (6.3%), 0.78 ±1.60 respectively in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P< 0.01, < 0.001, < 0.05, < 0.05) compared to the baseline. HsCRP and triglyceride reduction were more significant in omega-3 fatty acids group compared to the placebo group (P=0.021 and 0.011 respectively). (2) In the omega-3 fatty acids group, the values and percentage of TG reduction had a significantly positive relation with HsCRP reduction (r=0.51 and 0.45, P=0.021 and 0.047 respectively). Conclusion In CHD and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia’s therapeutic effect using simvastatin and omega-3 fatty acids may result from not only the combination of lipid adjustment, but also enhancement of their own nonlipid influences.
文摘The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids. Incorporation of ω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability, suggesting more health beneficial phospholipids. This study aimed to optimize eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) incorporation into phospholipids structure by acidolysis reaction using free lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from Rhizomucor miehei. Deoiled soy lecithin from anjasmoro variety was used as phospholipids source, while ω-3 fatty acid enriched oil was used as acyl source. Oil enriched with ω-3 fatty acids was obtained from low temperature solvent crystallization of lemuru (Sardinella longiceps) by-product. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in this study to determine the relationship between the three factors (enzyme concentration, reaction time and substrate ratio) and their effects on EPA incorporation into soy lecithin structure. The results showed that the relation between EPA content with three factors (reaction time, enzyme concentration and substrate ratio) was quadratic. The significant factors were substrate ratio and reaction time. Optimum conditions at a ratio of 3.77:1 between ω-3 fatty acids enriched oil and soy lecithin, 30% lipase concentration, and 24.08 h reaction time, gave 22.81% of EPA content of structured phospholipids.
基金Supported by The China National Key S and T Projects for Major Infectious Diseases,No. 2008ZX10002-26
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(ω-3 PUFA) administration on liver regeneration after 90% partial hepatectomy(PH) in rats.METHODS:ω-3 PUFAs were intravenously injected in the ω-3 PUFA group before PH surgery.PH,sparing only the caudate lobe,was performed in both the control and the ω-3 PUFA group.Survival rates,liver weight/body weight ratios,liver weights,HE staining,transmission electron microscope imaging,nuclearassociated antigen Ki-67,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and signal transduction were evaluated to analyze liver regeneration.RESULTS:All rats in the control group died within 30 h after hepatectomy.Survival rates in the ω-3 PUFA group were 20/20 at 30 h and 4/20 1 wk after PH.Liver weight/body weight ratios and liver weights increased significantly in the ω-3 PUFA group.The structure of sinusoidal endothelial cells and space of Disse was greatly restored in the ω-3 PUFA group compared to the control group after PH.In the ω-3 PUFA group,interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly increased whereas IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-levels were dramatically decreased.In addition,activation of protein kinase B(Akt) and of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway were identified at an earlier time after PH in the ω-3 PUFA group.CONCLUSION:Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may prevent acute liver failure and promote liver regeneration after 90% hepatectomy in rats.
文摘This experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimany to study the effect of different levels of Flax seed powder (FP) as a source of omega-3 on the carcass characteristics of Karadi Iambs. It used 20 male Karadi lambs, with an average live-weight of 28 ± 0.398 kg and 4-5 months. They were randomly distributed to 4 treatments. FP was supplemented at the levels of 3%, 6% and 9% compared with the control group for 88 days. At the end of the experiment 12 lambs were slaughtered after overnight fasting of feed. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h at 4 ℃. Then, several measurements of carcass characteristics were taken. The results showed: no significant differences have been shown in relation to daily feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The treatment 9% recorded the highest in hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold carcass weight (CCW), rib eye area (REA) and the lowest fat thickness of subcutaneous fat as compared to other treatments. While, no significant differences in dressing percentage (DP) were seen between treatments. Generally percentage of tail fat related to carcass weight and subcutaneous fat to intermuscular fat ratio decreased with FP supplementation. About carcass cuts, significant (P 〈 0.05) differences were seen in percentage of major carcass cuts (leg, rack, loin and shoulder) and secondary cuts (neck, foreshank, flank and breast cuts) relative to cold carcass weight. It can be concluded that using Flax seed powder (FP) as a source of omega-3 supplementation improved carcass characteristics and efficiency of meat production.
文摘The aim of this research was to enrich table eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), especially with essential eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). After five weeks of feeding of laying hens with standard and experimental diets, there was analysis carried out to determine the fatty acid profile in egg yolks of both groups. Omega-3 eggs contain statistically significantly (P 〈 0.05) less sum of saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and more∑n-3 PUFA, as well as narrower ratio of∑n-6/∑n-3 PUFA than conventional eggs. If referring to individual fatty acids of omega-3 eggs, there were increased portions (P 〈 0.05) of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), EPA and DHA determined in this research, which was in line with the research objective. Within the presented research, concentration of n-3 PUFA in egg yolk lipids of experimental group was two times higher than that in the control group. The ratio of ∑n-6 PUFA/∑n-3 PUFA was reduced from 12.04 to 6.17. Within their enzymatic system, laying hens can act as a bioreactor to naturally enrich their eggs with n-3 PUFA, especially with EPA and DHA. The results of this research proved that the fatty acid profile can be modified by designing of laying hens' diets with specific forages. Eggs were enriched with favorable fatty acids in the following order: α-LNA 〉 DHA 〉 DPA 〉 EPA.
文摘This study evaluates the incorporation of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) through the golden flaxseed in snacks' formulations with and without seasoning. Snacks with different formulations presented significant differences (P 〈 0.05) in their proximate composition, mainly for total lipids and moisture content. Regarding the fatty acids profile, six different fatty acids were found: 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 18:2n-6 (LA) and 18:3n-3. The majority fatty acid was 18:2n-6 (LA) due to the predominance of corn in the products formulation. The incorporation of 18:3n-3 was observed, and this fatty acid was not affected by the extrusion temperature during the processing or the storage time. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that the product developed with addition of golden flaxseed had mild acceptance among the panelists. Thus, it was concluded that the addition of flaxseed is feasible for the nutritional enrichment of corn snacks.
文摘Besides their possible effects on the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),some environmental factors can modulate the clinical course of both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD).This review is mainly devoted to describing the current knowledge of the impact of some of these factors on the outcome of IBD,with special emphasis on smoking and diet.Although the impact of smoking on the susceptibility to develop CD and UC is firmly established,its influence on the clinical course of both diseases is still debatable.In CD,active smoking is a risk factor for postoperative recurrence.Beyond this clinical setting,smoking cessation seems to be advantageous in those CD patients who were smokers at disease diagnosis,while smoking resumption may be of benefit in ex-smokers with resistant UC.The role of dietary habits on the development of IBD is far from being well established.Also,food intolerances are very frequent,but usually inconsistent among IBD patients,and therefore no general dietary recommendations can be made in these patients.In general,IBD patients should eat a diet as varied as possible.Regarding the possible therapeutic role of some dietary components in IBD,lessons should be drawn from the investigation of the primary therapeutic effect of enteral nutrition in CD.Low-fat diets seem to be particularly useful.Also,some lipid sources,such as olive oil,medium-chain triglycerides,and perhaps omega-3 fatty acids,might have a therapeutic effect.Fermentable fiber may have a role in preventing relapses in inactive UC.
文摘An Australian food composition database, AUSNUT1999, does not include long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC omega-3 PUFA) data. Measurement of the fatty acid content of diets initially analysed using AUSNUT1999 requires conversion to AUSNUT2007, an updated database inclusive of LC omega-3 PUFA. The aim of this study was to convert clinical trial dietary data from AUSNUT1999 to AUSNUT2007 and measure LC omega-3 PUFA intake. Clinical trial diet history (DH) data was converted from AUSNUTI999 to 2007 using a staged approach. Macronutrient intake from AUSNUTI999 and 2007 were calculated and compared via paired t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Mean dietary LC omega-3 PUFA intake and the percentage contribution of food groups to total LC omega-3 PUFA were then calculated. DHs were collected at baseline (n = 118), three months (n = 86), and 12 months (n = 64). The accuracy of the conversion process improved with time, with no significant difference between most macronutrients at 12 months. Mean LC n-3 PUFA intake was 441.87 mg at baseline, 521.07 mg at 3 months, and 442.40 mg at 12 months, and was predominantly provided by fish and seafood, followed by meat products. This study allowed for the measurement of LC omega-3 intake, which was previously impossible using the AUSNUT 1999 database.