Dietary saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid oppositely affect hepatic NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome through regulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation

AIM: To investigate the effect of different dietary fatty acids on hepatic inflammasome activation.METHODS: Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched diet. Primary hepatocytes were treated with either saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or PUFAs as well as combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The activity of Caspase-1 and interleukine-1β production were measured.RESULTS: High-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis was sufficient to induce and activate hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome. SFA palmitic acid (PA) directly activated NLRP3 inflammasome and increased sensitization to LPS-induced inflammasome activation in hepatocytes. In contrast, PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had the potential to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome expression in hepatocytes and partly abolished LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, a high-fat diet increased but PUFA-enriched diet decreased sensitization to LPS-induced hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. Moreover, PA increased but DHA decreased phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein expression in hepatocytes.CONCLUSION: Hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation played an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dietary SFAs and PUFAs oppositely regulated the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome through direct activation or inhibition of NF-κB.

Effect of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on Toll-like Receptors in Patients with Severe Multiple Trauma

This study examined the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid（ω-3PUFA） on the expression of toll-like receptor 2（TLR2）,toll-like receptor 4（TLR4） and some related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） of patients with early-stage severe multiple trauma.Thirty-two patients who were admitted to the Department of Traumatic Surgery,Tongji Hospital（Wuhan,China） between May 2010 and November 2010,and diagnosed as having severe multiple trauma with a injury severity score（ISS） no less than 16,were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups at random（n=16 in each）：ω-3PUFA group and control group in which routine parenteral nutrition supplemented with ω-3PUFA or not was administered to the patients in two groups for consecutive 7 days.Peripheral blood from these patients was collected within 2 h of admission（day 0）,and 1,3,5 and 7 days after the nutritional support.PBMCs were isolated and used for detection of the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by using real-time PCR and flow cytometry respectively,the levels of NF-κB by quantum dots-based immunofluorescence assay,the levels of TNF-α,IL-2,IL-6 and COX-2 by ELISA,respectively.The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMCs was significantly lower in ω-3PUFA group than in control group 5 and 7 days after nutrition support（both P0.05）.The levels of TNF-α,IL-2,IL-6 and COX-2 were found to be substantially decreased in PBMCs in ω-3PUFA group as compared with control group at 5th and 7th day（P0.05 for all）.It was concluded that ω-3PUFA can remarkably decrease the expression of TLR2,TLR4 and some related inflammatory factors in NF-κB signaling pathway in PBMCs of patients with severe multiple trauma,which suggests that ω-3PUFA may suppress the excessive inflammatory response meditated by the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Efficacy of poly-unsaturated fatty acid therapy on patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

AIM: To examine whether poly-unsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) therapy is beneficial for improving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS: In total, 78 patients pathologically diagnosed with NASH were enrolled and were randomly assigned into the control group and the PUFA therapy group(added 50 mL PUFA with 1:1 ratio of EHA and DHA into daily diet). At the initial analysis and after 6mo of PUFA therapy, parameters of interest including liver enzymes, lipid profiles, markers of inflammation and oxidation, and histological changes were evaluated and compared between these two groups.RESULTS: At the initial analysis, in patients with NASH, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartase aminotransferase(AST) were slightly elevated. Triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, markers of systemic inflammation [C-reactive protein(CRP)] and oxidation [malondialdehyde(MDA)], as well as fibrosis parameters of type Ⅳ collagen and pro-collagen typeⅢ pro-peptide were also increased beyond the normal range. Six months later, ALT and AST levels were significantly reduced in the PUFA group compared with the control group. In addition, serum levels of TG and TC, CRP and MDA, and type Ⅳ collagen and procollagen type Ⅲ pro-peptide were also simultaneously and significantly reduced. Of note, histological evaluation showed that steatosis grade, necroinflammatory grade, fibrosis stage, and ballooning score were all profoundly improved in comparison to the control group, strongly suggesting that increased PUFA consumption was a potential way to offset NASH progression.CONCLUSION: Increased PUFA consumption is a potential promising approach for NASH prevention and reversal.

Effects of ω-3 fatty acids on toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB p56 in lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acids(ω-3FA) on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor κB p56(NF-κBp56) signal pathway in the lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS A total of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, SAP-saline group, SAP-soybean oil group and SAP-ω-3FA group. SAP was induced by the retrograde infusion of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in the lungs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the lungs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in lungs and of inflammatory cytokines in serum significantly increased in the SAP group compared with the control group(P < 0.05), but was significantly decreased in the ω-3FA group compared with the soybean oil group at 12 and 24 h(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION During the initial stage of SAP, ω-3FA can efficiently lower the inflammatory response and reduce lung injury by triggering the TLR4/NF-κBp56 signal pathway.

A Diet with 3% of Energy from a Mixture of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Significantly Increases in Vivo Lipid Peroxidation in Postmenopausal Women

Dietary omega-3 (n - 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are recommended by public health organizations to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and several epidemiological studies have suggested there is an inverse association between n - 3 intake and human cancers. However, n - 3 are susceptible to an increase in lipid peroxidation in the human body. As part of a crossover dietary intervention study of a diet (20% of energy from fat) with or without an additional 3% of energy from a mixture of n - 3 (with 5.36 g α-linolenic acid and 1.45 g eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid per 2000 kcal per day), we measured total in vivo lipid peroxidation in healthy postmenopausal women (n = 15). Our results indicated that the diet with 3% of energy from n - 3 significantly increased the urinary concentrations of total polar lipophilic aldehydes and related compounds produced via lipid peroxidation (p α, β-unsaturated hydroxy aldehydes 4-hydroxy-2-trans - hexenal (p trans -decenal (p < 0.05) compared to the diet with less than 1% of energy from n - 3. This is also the first study to document the presence of 4-hydroxy-2-trans -decenal in the urine of individuals consuming n - 3. These results demonstrate that an increase in 3% of energy from dietary n – 3 increases in vivo lipid peroxidation.

Transgenic Pigs Carrying a Synthesized Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Yield High Level of ω-3 PUFAs

Polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） are essential for normal growth in mammals, especially the ω-3 PUFAs, which play important roles in preventing several life-threatening diseases, such as coronary heart disease and diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the sFat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis briggsae could be functionally expressed in transgenic pigs, and whether the transgenic could synthesize high quality ω-3 PUFAs endogenously. In this study, a gene construct consisting of CMV promoter and 1.9 kb cDNA of ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （sFat-1） from C. briggsae was injected into the male pronucleus of pig embryos by microinjection. The piglets were screened for the transgene by PCR, Southern blot and reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Pigs that give positive results were mated with wild-type pigs to produce the next generation and the transmission of transgene was examined by PCR analysis. Fatty acids compositions of various tissues in the transgenic pigs were then analyzed by gas chromatograph. A total of 878 embryos were transferred into 42 recipients, among which 29 successfully got pregnant and gave birth to a total of 162 piglets, and 8 of them were identified to be transgenic. Fatty acid compositions in the transgenic pigs were altered, and the levels of ω-6：ω-3 ratios were decreased from 14.53 in the control to 2.62 in Fat-1 transgenic pigs. A number of primary sFat-1-transgenic pigs were bred in this study, which lays the foundation for cultivation of new varieties of transgenic pigs.

Usefulness of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in addition to mesalazine in maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

AIM： To assess the value of long-chain w-3 fatty acids （FAs） supplementation in addition to amino-salicylic-acid （5-ASA） in pediatric patients with Crohn＇s disease （CD）. METHODS： Thirty-eight patients （20 males and 18 females, mean age 10.13 years, range 5-16 years） with CD in remission were randomized into two groups and treated for 12 too. Group Ⅰ （18 patients） received 5-ASA （50 mg/kg/d）＋w-3 FAs as triglycerides in gastroresistant capsules, 3 g/d （eicosapentanoic acid, EPA, 400 mg/g, docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 200 mg/g）. Group Ⅱ （20 patients） received 5-ASA （50 mg/kg/d）＋olive oil placebo capsules. Patients were evaluated for fatty acid incorporation in red blood cell membranes by gas chromatography at baseline 6 and 12 mo after the treatment. RESULTS： The number of patients who relapsed at 1 year was significantly lower in group I than in group Ⅱ （P〈0.001）. Patients in group I had a significant increase in the incorporation of EPA and DHA （P〈0.001） and a decrease in the presence of arachidonic acids. CONCLUSION： Enteric-coated w-3 FAs in addition to treatment with 5-ASA are effective in maintaining remission of pediatric CD.

Protective role of concomitant administration of flax lignan concentrate and omega-3-fatty acid on myocardial damage in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

The severe cardiotoxicity incurred due to doxorubicin limits the use of their therapeutic potential.The current study aims to investigate the cardioprotective effect of concomitant administration of flax lignan concentrate(FLC)and omega-3-fatty acid(ω-3-FA)on myocardial damage in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats.Cardiotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin(4 mg/kg)on day 7th,14th,21st and 28th day in normal saline.Concomitant administration of FLC(500 mg/kg)andω-3-FA(1 mL/kg)lowered TNF-αlevel,normalized ST,QT and mean arterial blood pressure,elevation in endogenous enzymes levels such as glutathione and lowering in malondialdehyde,super oxide dismutase followed by normalized lipid profile and reduced the mortality rate.The treatment had antiapoptotic potential at cellular level also histopathology of heart tissue(light and electron microscopical).Thus concomitant action of FLC andω-3-FA may be antioxidant,antihyperlipidemic,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions seem to the probable mechanisms in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity.It can be concluded that FLC andω-3-FA both have distinct mechanism for cardioprotection and hence the additive effect was observed in the present study due to concomitant administration of FLC andω-3-FA.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Branched chain amino acids alter fatty acid profile in colostrum of sows fed a high fat diet

Background:Branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)are important substrates for milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland,and are tightly related to lipid metabolism.No study has been performed examining the role of BCAAs with high fat diets on milk fat synthesis.This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary BCAAs on growth performance of piglets,progeny body weight,and milk fat composition in sows fed a high fat diet.Four diets(CON=control diet;HF=high fat diet with 8%soybean oil;HF-MB=HF plus 0.39%BCAAs;HF-HB=HF plus 0.78%BCAAs)were fed to sows from late gestation to weaning.Results:Compared to HF,BCAAs(HF-MB and HF-HB)increased the litter weight(P<0.05)and overall litter weight gain(P<0.05)at weaning and increased colostrum fat content by 27.3–35.8%(P<0.01).Fatty acid profiles between the two doses of BCAAs were similar.Compared with HF,HF-MB tended to decrease the percentage of C18:3n3(P=0.063)and increased the percentage of C18:1n9c(P=0.03).In addition,BCAAs in HF-MB increased the concentration of total fatty acid by 22.1%in colostrum(P=0.03)but decreased that in serum at parturition by 53.2%(P=0.027).The fatty acids in colostrum that increased with BCAAs were C15:0,C17:0,C20:3n6,C20:4n6,C20:5n3 and C22:6n3(P=0.00~0.04).Colostrum fatty acids of C20:0,C21:0,C22:0,C16:1,C20:1,C18:1n9c also tended to be increased(0.05<P<0.1)with BCAAs.The change in sow serum fatty acid profile due to BCAAs was different from that in colostrum.Conclusions:BCAAs in high fat diet of sows altered the fatty acid composition in colostrum and enhanced litter growth.Our study indicated that BCAAs supplementation can enhance mammary fatty acid uptake and mammary fat synthesis and that supplemental BCAAs and fat in late gestation and lactation diets for sows can improve reproductive performance.

Free fatty acids, glucose, and insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Xu et al used the HOMA2 model to estimate theβ-cell function and insulin resistance levels in an individual from simultaneously measured fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin levels.This method is based on the assumption that the glucose-insulin axis is central for the metabolic activities,which led to type 2 diabetes.However,significant downregulation of both the NKX2-1 gene and the TPD52L3 gene force an increase in the release of free fatty acids(FFAs)into the blood circulation,which leads to a marked reduction in membrane flexibility.These data favor a FFA-glucose-insulin axis.The authors are invited to extend their study with the introduction of the saturation index(number of carbon-carbon double bonds per 100 fatty-acyl chains),as observed in erythrocytes.

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated eicosanoid pathway:A potential mechanistic linkage between dietary fatty acid consumption and colon cancer risk

Human consumption of linoleic acid(LA,18:2ω-6,abundant in vegetable oils)is very high.Animal experiments showed that excessive LA intake increased azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis,however,the impact of excessive LA on colon cancer in human is not conclusive,making it difficult to make dietary recommendations for optimal intake of LA.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of LA on colon tumorigenesis could help to clarify its health effect,and facilitate development of mechanismbased strategies for preventing colon cancer.Recent studies show that the previously unappreciated cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated eicosanoid pathway is upregulated in colon cancer and plays critical roles in its pathogenesis,and could contribute to the effects of dietary LA,as well asω-3 fatty acids,on colon tumorigenesis.In this review,we will discuss recent studies about the roles of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in fatty acid metabolism and its roles in colonic inflammation and colon cancer,and how this information could help us to clarify the health impacts of dietary fatty acids.

饲料中n-3 HUFA含量对花尾胡椒鲷亲鱼的生殖性能及血浆性类固醇激素水平季节变化的影响

以n 3HUFA含量为 0 16 %、 1 2 7%、 2 36 %和 3 4 7%的 4种人工配合饲料 (D1～D4 )及天然饲料(冰鲜杂鱼 ,D5 )饲养花尾胡椒鲷 (Plectorhynchuscinctus)雌亲鱼一周年 ,通过比较各饲料组亲鱼的产卵量、卵和仔鱼质量以及各月份的血浆性类固醇激素水平 ,研究n 3HUFA对生殖性能及性类固醇激素水平季节性变化的影响。平均每kg雌鱼的产卵量、卵受精率、仔鱼存活率、开口仔鱼体长等 ,D2和D3组与D5组相近 ,但D1和D4组显著低于D5组 ;饲料中n 3HUFA含量对血浆 17β -雌二醇 (E2 )和睾酮 (T)水平的季节性变化规律无明显影响 ,但亲鱼性腺发育与成熟时期的E2 和T水平 ,D1和D4组较D5组显著降低。n 3HUFA含量对亲鱼离体卵泡E2 和T的分泌也有一定影响 :D4组卵泡E2 的基础分泌很少 ;绒毛膜促性腺激素 (HCG ,10 0IU/mL)可刺激D2—D5组卵泡分泌E2 和T ,但D1组卵泡对HCG无反应。结果提示 ,花尾胡椒鲷亲鱼饲料中n 3HUFA的适宜含量为 1 2 7%～ 2 36 % ,不足或过高对亲鱼的生殖性能均有不利影响 ;通过影响性类固醇激素的产生可能是饲料中n

n-3高不饱和脂肪酸对黑鲷幼鱼生长及脂肪代谢的影响

研究了饲料中不同水平n-3 HUFA(0.79%,0.83%,0.85%,0.88%,0.92%,0.94%;DHA/EPA=2.8/1)对黑鲷幼鱼生长及脂肪代谢的影响。结果显示:(1)黑鲷幼鱼肝体指数(HSI)及腹脂率(IPF ratio)随饲料中n-3 HUFA含量的增加而减小,且于0.92%和0.94%组时显著低于其他各组;脂肪细胞直径呈减小趋势,其中0.94%组显著小于0.85%组;肌肉脂肪含量受n-3 HUFA的影响显著,于0.88%组时达到最低。各组全鱼水份和脂肪含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。肝脏、肌肉及腹腔脂肪组织饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)和C16∶0含量均随饲料n-3HUFA水平增加呈下降趋势,而∑n-3 HUFA呈显著上升趋势。各组织中DHA/EPA不受饲料脂肪酸组成的影响。以增重率为参考指标,二次回归分析结果表明,黑鲷幼鱼[(8.08±0.09)g]获得最佳增重时对饲料中n-3 HUFA的需要量为0.87%DM;(2)黑鲷幼鱼肝脏脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性及基因表达水平均在n-3 HUFA>0.92%时有显著下降(P<0.05);腹腔脂肪激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)活性及基因表达水平均随饲料中n-3 HUFA的添加呈升高趋势(P<0.05),且高含量n-3 HUFA(0.94%)可使HSL活性增加近一倍。结果表明,饲料中n-3HUFA通过同步调控脂肪合成与分解两个过程影响黑鲷幼鱼脂肪代谢。

饲料中n-3高不饱和脂肪酸含量对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究饲料中n-3高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响,本试验配制了n-3 HUFA含量分别为0.74%、1.14%、1.55%、1.94%、2.35%、2.76%(干物质基础),且C22∶6n-3(DHA)/C20∶5n-3(EPA)均为1.1的6种等氮等能试验饲料,以初始体重为2.20 g左右的三疣梭子蟹幼蟹为研究对象,在室外水泥池中采用单体筐养方式进行为期8周的生长试验。每种试验饲料投喂60只幼蟹,每20只幼蟹作为1个重复。结果表明:2.35%组的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蜕壳率均为最高,其中增重率和特定生长率显著高于0.74%、1.14%和1.55%组(P<0.05),饲料效率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),蜕壳率显著高于0.74%、1.14%和1.94%组(P<0.05)。饲料中n-3 HUFA含量对肝胰腺指数没有显著影响(P>0.05)。各组幼蟹的水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),但0.74%组的粗脂肪含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。幼蟹肌肉及肝胰腺中的脂肪酸组成受到饲料中n-3 HUFA含量的影响,肌肉和肝胰腺中n-3 HUFA含量与饲料中n-3 HUFA含量存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。以特定生长率为评价指标,通过折线回归分析估测出三疣梭子蟹幼蟹饲料中n-3HUFA的最适含量为2.357%(干物质基础)。

饲料中n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸含量对花尾胡椒鲷亲鱼组织的脂质含量和脂肪酸构成的影响

以n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 HUFA)含量(w)为1.12%、2.40%、3.70%、5.85%的4种配合饲料或冰鲜杂鱼喂养花尾胡椒鲷Plectorhynchus cinctus雌亲鱼1周年,研究饲料中n-3 HUFA含量对性腺、肌肉和肝胰脏等组织的脂质含量和脂肪酸构成的影响.结果显示,各组织中的脂质含量在各投喂组之间无显著差异(P>0.05).然而,在1.12%、2.40%和3.70%(w)投喂组,其性腺和肌肉脂质中18∶2n-6、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)、n-3 HUFA的含量与饲料中相应脂肪酸的含量存在较明显的平行变化趋势;在性腺脂质中,1.12%、2.40%、5.85%(w)投喂组的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和1.12%(w)投喂组的n-3 PUFA、n-3 HUFA的含量都显著低于冰鲜杂鱼投喂组(P<0.05);在1.12%、2.40%和3.70%(w)投喂组,上述3种组织中的n-3 PUFA、n-3 HUFA、DHA含量以及DHA/EPA比值都显著高于饲料中相应脂肪酸的含量和比值(P<0.05).结果表明,花尾胡椒鲷组织中的脂肪酸构成受饲料中n-3 HUFA含量影响,受影响的顺序是性腺>肌肉>肝胰脏;组织对n-3 PUFA、特别是DHA具有较强的选择性保留作用,说明这些脂肪酸在性腺发育成熟中具有重要的生理作用.

n-3高不饱和脂肪酸对鱼类亲体繁殖性能的影响及其作用机制

n-3高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)对鱼类亲体性腺发育、卵子和精子质量、产卵量、受精率、孵化率、仔鱼成活率和质量有重要影响。鱼类体内在一系列去饱和酶和延长酶作用下合成n-3HUFA,淡水鱼类和鲑鳟科鱼类一般从饲料中摄取亚麻酸用于合成n-3 HUFA,而海水鱼类需要从饲料中直接摄取n-3 HUFA。本文综述了鱼体内n-3 HUFA合成路径及其对亲鱼繁殖性能的影响,同时对n-3 HUFA天然来源和替代来源进行了阐述,以期为鱼类亲体的脂肪酸营养和机制方面研究提供一定的参考。

草鱼ATGL基因的表达及饲喂n-3 HUFAs对其的影响

实验获得了草鱼脂肪组织甘油三酯水解酶（ATGL）部分cDNA序列（GenBank登录号为HQ845211）,并进行了序列同源性分析;采用实时定量反转录聚合酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）方法,检测了ATGL基因在草鱼不同组织的表达状况;研究了投喂n-3高不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 HUFAs）对草鱼肝胰脏ATGL基因时序表达的影响。结果显示,所获得的草鱼ATGL基因部分cDNA序列长度为687 bp,与人、牛、小鼠、长腭泥虎鱼、大黄鱼等物种的同源性为65%~75%;该基因在草鱼心脏、肝胰脏、脾脏、鳃、肾脏、肌肉、腹腔脂肪组织、脑、小肠、精巢10个组织中均有表达,其中在腹腔脂肪组织中表达丰度最高,在肝胰脏和肌肉中表达丰度次之。处理组草鱼摄食n-3 HUFAs饲料后,ATGL基因的表达水平在第1周和第2周显著高于对照组,第3周后,该基因的表达水平在处理组与对照组间无显著差异。研究首次克隆得到草鱼ATGL基因部分cDNA序列,并发现该基因在草鱼脂质蓄积及代谢较旺盛的组织中表达水平较高,且其在肝胰脏中的表达受到n-3 HUFAs的影响,其规律为先被诱导升高,然后回复到正常水平。

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸发酵生产中两个调控指标的探讨

为了调控长链ω 3多不饱和脂肪酸的发酵 ,对用于脂肪酸发酵调控的 2个指标 18∶3(α ) /18∶2和∑C18/∑C16进行探讨。对 2个指标从化学反应平衡角度进行阐述 ,进一步证明在合适的条件下 ,头孢霉 18∶3(α ) /18∶2的变化趋势和二十二碳六烯酸变化趋势一致 ;轮梗霉∑C18/∑C16和二十碳五烯酸变化趋势一致。 18∶3(α ) /18∶2和∑C18/∑C16可以作为发酵生产二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的调控指标。

n-3、n-6PUFA高脂饮食对SD大鼠肝脏胆固醇合成相关基因表达影响

目的探讨n-3、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)高脂饮食对SD大鼠肝脏Srebp2及Hmgcr表达的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别为对照组(NC)、n-3 PUFA组(TUF)及n-6 PUFA组(SUF),8周后测量血清总胆固醇(TCH)水平,实时定量PCR检测Srebp2及Hmgcr基因表达,Western blotting检测SREBP2及HMGCR蛋白表达。结果 TUF组、SUF组血清TCH含量均显著降低(P<0.001),TUF组最低。TUF组、SUF组Srebp2及Hmgcr基因表达水平均显著增高(P=0.007,P=0.012),SUF组Srebp2最高,TUF组Hmgcr最高。TUF组HMGCR蛋白表达显著高于NC组及SUF组,SUF组与NC组差异无显著性;三组SREBP2蛋白表达。结论 n-3、n-6PUFA降低血清胆固醇不是通过抑制Srebp2及Hmgcr表达实现的。

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对严重烧伤患者心肌功能的影响

目的观察ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFA)对严重烧伤患者心肌功能的影响。方法将2013年1月至2014年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院烧伤科收治且符合纳入标准的24例危重患者随机分为两组。对照组12例为常规治疗的基础上使用20%中长链脂肪乳治疗,治疗组12例为常规治疗基础上使用ω-3 PUFA,均持续使用7 d。留取治疗前及治疗后1、4、7 d静脉血,并检测TNF-α、IL-6、c Tn I、NF-κBp65值。对统计资料进行析因方差分析。结果治疗后,治疗组与对照组血标本中TNF-α、IL-6、c Tn I、NF-κBp65值水平均较治疗前均降低,且治疗后,治疗组TNF-α、IL-6、c Tn I、NF-κBp65值水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论ω-3 PUFA可改善严重烧伤患者心肌功能。