Assessing performance of “agricultural supermarket docking” supply chain under rural revitalization strategy

The strategy of rural revitalization was put forward in the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC), and it pointed out that agriculture, rural areas and farmers are fundamental issues related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. To solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers must always be the top priority of the whole party’s work. As an innovative move in the circulation of agricultural products in China, agricultural supermarket docking has been an important agricultural policy of the government since the trial operation in 20018, and has attracted the attention of all sectors of society. In the long-term development, China’s agricultural supermarket docking work in the actual operation process exposed a lot of drawbacks, seriously affecting the final effect of agricultural supermarket docking, affecting the income of farmers. Therefore, under the background of rural revitalization strategy, in order to further improve the income of farmers and improve the quality of life of farmers, it is urgent to discuss the present situation of 'agricultural supermarket docking' in our country. In this paper, by studying the operation of the agricultural supermarket docking supply chain, the matter element extension analysis model is established, and on the basis of the example analysis, the feasible performance improvement measures of the agricultural supermarket docking supply chain are put forward. It provides reference and experience for other areas of our country to improve the work of agricultural supermarket docking, seek welfare and promote development for farmers.

Research on the Mode of Efficaciously Solving “Agricultural Super-Docking” Development Difficulties in China

Constructing circulation mode of high feasibility and good implementation effect is the key method to solve difficulties in the development of “Agricultural Super-Docking” at present in China. There are many problems that exist in the process of the development of “Agricultural Super-Docking” by our analyzing from both the benefit of subjects and the whole supply chain perspectives. A large amount of relevant literature research shows that adopting the “cooperation between the government and the third party logistics enterprises to build distribution center” innovation model can solve these problems. This model can effectively remove obstacles between farmers and supermarkets. It is conducive to the development of small and medium-scale the farmer cooperatives, supermarkets and the third party logistics enterprises that don’t have a strong financial strength and a high degree of brand influence. In addition, it can also produce considerable social benefits. In order to ensure the implementation efficiency of the model to maximize, some management issues in the implementation process about the determination of core subject in supply chain, the method of evaluating the third party logistics enterprises grade, the planning of the number of customers for the distribution center, the mechanism of income distribution among multiple subjects and the implementation of relevant policies after the model into practice should be taken into account.

Spatial Pattern of Leisure Agriculture in Baoding City for Its Docking with Beijing and Tianjin

By reviewing advantageous location of Baoding City in the green economic circle of capital rim, as well as its resource and environmental advantages, present development and future trend of leisure agriculture in Baoding City were analyzed, SWOT analysis of its conditions for the docking with Beijing and Tianjin was carried out, its strengths were demonstrated in policy, location, passenger origin and humanistic environment; its weaknesses were proposed as: lack of integrated planning, unitary, scattered and low-grade products, incomplete infrastructure and management service system, inadequate efforts in propagation; opportunities: development of the green economic circle of capital rim, stable promotion of new countryside construction, economic development and changing concepts of people; threats: competition of neighboring regions. On this basis, internal and external environment that leisure agriculture of Baoding City must have to realize its docking with Beijing and Tianjin were studied, and then it was proposed that spatial pattern docking was the first step, and the docking should be realized in rings and modules.

Analysis of Agricultural Eco-Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Henan Province

In order to improve the agricultural eco-efficiency and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Henan Province, China, based on the footprint theory, the super-efficiency SBM model is used to scientifically calculate and analyze the agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province. On this basis, the influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are quantitatively analyzed by using the grey incidence analysis model. The results show that unilaterally considering one of grey water footprints and carbon footprints will overestimate or underestimate the agricultural eco-efficiency of Henan Province in different degrees in different time periods, and the agricultural eco-efficiency obtained by comprehensively considering grey water footprint and carbon footprint (GWCAEE) is more in line with the reality of agricultural development in Henan Province. In 2000-2004, GWCAEE in Henan Province was better. During 2005-2014, GWCAEE in Henan Province showed a fluctuating decline and continued to be in an inefficient state. From 2015 to 2019, GWCAEE of Henan Province gradually increased, and it became effective in 2019. In recent years, GWCAEE has developed well. Through the grey incidence analysis between 12 influencing factors including endogenous factors and exogenous factors and GWCAEE, it is found that the six leading factors of GWCAEE in Henan Province are agricultural structure, financial input for agriculture, number of agricultural employees, crop sown area, consumption of chemical pesticide, consumption of agricultural diesel oil. According to the above research conclusions, suggestions for improving agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are put forward.

基于Super-SBM模型的几内亚湾农业生态效率及其影响因素分析

几内亚湾对非洲农业生产有着较大贡献,其农业生产总值约占非洲的1/4。但该区域农业生产存在经营粗放、管理低下、技术支持缺乏等问题,影响区域可持续发展。本文构建Super-SBM模型对几内亚湾十国农业生态效率进行测算,并基于Tobit模型分析各国农业生态效率的影响因素,结果显示:(1)几内亚湾十国1990—2019年的年均农业生态效率值总体均呈波动下降趋势,且在规模报酬不变(CRS)和规模报酬可变(VRS)下的效率值分别自2014年、2015年起连续下降;(2)基于CRS和VRS平均农业生态效率值排序中,加蓬、科特迪瓦、加纳、喀麦隆、利比里亚和赤道几内亚六国的排名稳定不变,其余国家的平均值排序在两个模型中有不同程度的变化;(3)城镇化水平在5%显著性水平上对区域农业生态效率呈现正向影响,灌溉面积、复种指数在1%显著性水平上呈正向影响。继而本文对改善几内亚湾农业生态效率提出建议:(1)各国因地制宜,实现绿色发展;(2)稳定推进城镇化,促进城乡协调发展;(3)加大基础设施如农业灌溉用水的投资建设;(4)因地制宜推进对几内亚湾十国的农业技术援助和培训。

基于Super-SBM模型和Malmquist指数的我国农业用水效率分析

提高农业用水效率是实现资源全面节约和循环利用的重要一步,同时也是促进农业可持续发展以及我国粮食安全的重要保障。本文基于静态Super-SBM模型计算我国2011—2019年31个省(市、区)的农业用水效率,利用核密度函数估计农业用水效率的动态趋势,并从动态Malmquist指数分析方法对我国的农业水资源全要素生产效率加以分解,对农业用水效率的演化路径进行分析。研究结果显示2011—2019年全国农业用水效率均值从0.581上升至0.779,增长了34.08%,农业用水效率有了显著提升,但省际农业用水效率差异显著;三个区域的农业用水效率值由高到低排序为东部地区>西部地区>中部地区,多年均值分别为0.813,0.520,0.454。据Malmquist指数分解结果显示,31个省份中有15个省份的技术效率低于1,反映现有的技术水平和技术进步还有很大的提升空间。

Modified super twisting controller for servicing to uncontrolled spacecraft

A relative position and attitude coupled sliding mode controller is proposed by combining the standard super twisting （ST） control and basic linear algorithm for autonomous rendezvous and docking. It is schemed for on-orbit servicing to a tumbling non- cooperative target spacecraft subjected to external disturbances. A coupled dynamic model is established including both kinemati- cal and dynamic coupled effect of relative rotation on relative translation, which illustrates the relative movement between the docking port located in target spacecraft and another in service spacecraft. The modified super twisting （MST） control algorithm containing linear compensation items is schemed to manipulate the relative position and attitude synchronously. The correction provides more robustness and convergence velocity for dealing with linearly growing perturbations than the ST control algorithm. Moreover, the stability characteristic of closed-loop system is ana- lyzed by Lyapunov method. Numerical simulations are adopted to verify the analysis with the comparison between MST and ST control algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the pro- posed MST controller is characterized by high precision, strong robustness and fast convergence velocity to attenuate the linearly increasing perturbations.

农业机械化对我国农业碳排放效率的影响——基于Super-SBM-Tobit模型

随着“双碳”目标的提出,碳减排成为农业发展的重要任务,为了从农业机械化视角助力中国农业低碳发展,探究其对我国农业碳排放效率的影响,基于2011—2020年中国31个省(市、自治区)的农业生产相关面板数据,综合运用Super-SBM模型和Tobit模型测算中国省域农业的碳排放效率,并重点分析了农业机械化水平对农业碳排放效率的影响。研究结果表明:2011—2020年中国的农业碳排放效率均值为0.925,平均年增长率为2.744%,整体农业碳排放效率稳步提高,但仍存在较大的提升空间,且各地区间存在较大差异;农业机械化水平在1%的显著性水平上与农业碳排放效率呈现正相关关系,提高农业机械化发展水平、推动农业生产发展与节能减排协同增效,是中国新时期新常态下奔向“双碳”目标的必由之路。基于上述结论,从科技创新、因地制宜、政策支持和农业机械化服务组织搭建4个角度提出建议。

Fenlong Tillage System by the Theory of “Natural Forces” and Possibility of “Fenlong Agriculture” Establishment

"Natural forces" ——core theory of Fenlong technique is explored in this paper. We break through key core technique of farming and agriculture,and invent new method of Fenlong tillage. Broad-spectrum Fenlong tillage technique system based on "full-layer and bottom-layer superdeep tillage without disturbance of soil layer" is established,which provides the possibility for establishing "modern Fenlong agriculture". When applied in 35 kinds of crops in 24 provinces of China,yield could be increased by 10%-50%,and even 1 times. In the transformation of severe saline-alkali land,corn yield could increase by 73. 0%,and Na,Cl and Mg ions in grain decrease by 20. 81%,1. 47%,and 9. 36% respectively. The newly developed "scarification tillage( reclamation) in the bottom area" could cover "bottom tillage" of dryland,paddy field,degraded grassland,perennial sugarcane,forest and fruit land,traditional Chinese medicine land,and ecological reconstruction of desertification land. It is point out that if Fenlong technique is used in 666 666. 67 km2 of farmland,200 000 km2 of saline-alkali land,666 666. 67 km2 of degraded grassland,and fisheries in rivers and offshore waters are used,trillion yuan of Fenlong economy could be formed,and the nationals will walk towards a healthier new era.Fenlong technique involves agriculture,forestry,water,grass,environment and other aspects,and its global promotion could improve eco-environment and change world development pattern.

考虑绿色技术投入的“农超对接”模式研究

将绿色技术投入引入由单个农户与单个超市组成的“农超对接”模式中,研究“农超对接”模式优势和农户与超市之间合约设计问题,分析不同“农超对接”模式下供应链主体预期效用,得出农户与超市最优决策。研究表明:农户风险厌恶度、消费者绿色偏好、绿色技术先进性均会影响农户绿色投入倾向,在毛收益佣金合同中,变动佣金比例影响农户绿色投入水平,而在净收益合同中,则不会有影响;比较不同合同发现,净收益佣金合同下“农户+农民合作社+超市”模式中的农户绿色技术投入水平最高;在所有模式下,农户风险厌恶均会在一定程度上降低最优绿色技术投入水平、超市和农户预期效用。

黄河流域环境规制对农业生态效率的影响——基于Super SBM和面板Tobit模型的实证分析

为探究黄河流域环境规制对农业生态效率的影响,促进黄河流域农业发展与生态环境的协同推进。以2011-2020年沿黄九省区的数据为样本,将非期望产出考虑在内,运用超效率SBM模型对农业生态效率进行测算,在此基础上运用面板Tobit模型对两者之间关系进行了实证分析。结果表明:黄河流域农业生态水平整体有待提高,从具体省份看,仅陕西省、山东省、四川省的农业发展是有效的;从不同流域看,农业生态效率水平下游地区>中游地区>上游地区;环境规制与农业生态效率之间呈现“U”型关系;除此之外,财政支农、城市化率、产业结构、受灾率对农业生态效率具有负向影响,经济发展水平则呈现出正向影响关系。基于此,提出了应合理发展高效生态农业,因地制宜制定差异化环境政策,在综合考虑各控制变量所发挥的作用下努力提高农业生态效率,以实现农业的可持续与高质量发展。

超大颗粒肥水田气力深施加速器设计及参数优化

为解决水稻撒施追肥存在的肥料流失、利用率低及机械深施肥工作部件易堵塞、伤根等问题,该研究设计了一种用于水田深施追肥机的超大颗粒肥气力式加速器。该加速器利用双螺旋高压气流,在其与肥料上端构成的近封闭空间内加速超大颗粒肥,实现其高速射入泥壤,并可避免肥料颗粒与管壁碰撞;出口设置渐扩管扩散气流,可减轻对泥壤的冲击,提高施肥位置的稳定性。根据超大颗粒肥参数与加速器功能要求,确定了加速器的结构参数,并根据肥料入泥深度所需的射出速度,分析确定了加速器的工作参数。在此基础上,基于Fluent软件的六自由度重叠动网格建立了加速器仿真模型,以进口气流速度、螺旋角和加速管直径为试验因素,进行单因素仿真试验与三因素三水平Box Behnken组合仿真试验,研究各因素对肥料射出速度与气流扩散率的影响。多因素试验分析及响应面分析结果表明,加速器的最佳工作参数为进口气流速度47 m/s、加速管直径21 mm、螺旋进气口螺旋角43°。在此条件下进行台架验证试验,得到肥料射出速度均值为12.61 m/s,出口气流扩散率均值为85.5%,肥料入泥平均深度为4.7 cm,达到了水稻追肥要求。该研究可为超大颗粒肥水田气力深施追肥机设计提供参考。

农业用水效率的区域差异与收敛特征研究——基于湖北省80个县(市、区)的分析

基于全局超效率SBM-DEA模型,测度了2008—2021年湖北省县域农业用水效率的动态演进规律,并结合Dagum基尼系数和σ、β收敛检验模型,探究了湖北省农业用水效率的地区差异和收敛特征。结果表明:2008—2021年湖北及鄂东、鄂中、鄂西地区的农业用水效率均呈现上升趋势,各地区效率差距整体呈扩大趋势,地区间差异是影响总体差距的主要原因。各区域农业用水效率均不存在σ收敛特征,存在典型的β收敛特征,在加入5个外部因素后,β收敛速度显著提升,且影响效应在不同地区间存在显著异质性。最后基于研究结论,提出了针对性策略以促进农业用水效率的提升,以期为节水农业的可持续发展提供科学依据和实用建议。

安徽省农业碳排放效率与粮食安全耦合协调研究

选取安徽省2011—2020年16市的农业相关数据,采用超效率SBM(Slacks-Based Measure)模型和熵值法对安徽省农业碳排放效率和粮食安全水平进行评估,并通过耦合协调度模型探讨两者之间的协调发展程度。研究结果显示:(1)安徽省农业碳排放效率均值在2011—2020年处于波动上升趋势,从0.801增至1.018,增幅为27.09%。在2011年,以淮南和黄山为中心的周边地区效率较高,在2020年,除安庆、铜陵外全省达到了高效率水平。(2)粮食安全水平在2011—2020年呈现“上升—下降—上升”的趋势,粮食安全水平整体从0.241增至0.763。在空间分布上,皖北粮食安全水平高于皖南地区。(3)农业碳排放效率与粮食安全耦合协调度情况在2011—2020年处于波动上升的过程,农业减排和保障粮食安全朝着高质量协调方向发展,皖北和皖中地区协调等级优于皖南地区。因此,未来安徽省应加快提高农业防灾减灾能力,建立空间关联网络并根据区域特点制定差异化策略,实现安徽省农业减排与保障粮食安全的优质协调发展。

城镇化推进模式与我国农业低碳全要素生产率——来自双源夜间灯光证据

本文利用卫星监测的数据构造夜间灯光复合指数表征城镇化水平,运用Superefficiency Ray Slacks-Based Measure(Super-RSBM)模型和Global Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数测算2000—2021年我国农业低碳全要素生产率(TFP),实证检验城镇化对我国农业低碳TFP的影响及其作用机制,并考察紧凑集约型和规模扩张型两种城镇化推进模式对农业低碳TFP的异质性影响。研究发现,从全国来看,城镇化推进与农业低碳TFP之间具有显著的U型关系,且邻近地区农业低碳TFP的提升对本地区产生示范效应;分区域来看,这种U型关系主要体现在农业适度发展区,而农业优化发展区的城镇化与农业低碳TFP之间呈现显著的正向线性关系,表明农业优化发展区应发挥“领头羊”作用,带动适度发展区早日跨越U型曲线的拐点,实现城镇化带动农业绿色发展;紧凑集约型的城镇化深度推进模式能够显著提升农业低碳TFP,而规模扩张型的城镇化广度推进模式降低了农业低碳TFP;农业低碳技术进步、农村劳动力转移、规模效应、农业产业链延伸和农村居民可支配收入增加是城镇化影响农业低碳TFP的主要途径。

新疆农业水资源绿色效率时空演变及影响因素研究

通过对农业面源污染、农业净碳汇等变量测算构建指标体系,采用超效率SBM模型、Malmquist指数模型方法计算2011—2020年新疆14个行政区农业水资源绿色效率值及其分解指数值,绘制标准差椭圆并构建马尔科夫链概率矩阵分析其空间格局变化,并用Tobit模型分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)新疆各地州研究期内农业水资源绿色效率均值为0.865;各地区农业水资源绿色效率水平、提升效果及速度存在明显差异。(2)研究期内重心坐标始终在巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和静县巴音布鲁克镇内移动,先向东北移动后西南最终又向东北方向折回;较低、较高、高效率类型地区之间具有相互转移或跨类型转移的概率,低效率地区难以快速或跨类型增长。(3)经济发展水平、农业经济、供水结构对农业水资源绿色效率有显著的正向影响,资源禀赋与节水设施对农业水资源效率有显著的负向影响。研究结果对新疆农业水资源可持续利用、建设绿色高效农业具有重要的现实意义。

基于SBM模型的额敏灌区农业用水效率时空特征分析

基于新疆额敏灌区2009—2021年各项数据指标,利用SBM模型、Malmquist指数、多元线性回归分析等方法,综合分析全要素生产率、农业用水效率及其影响因素.研究发现:2009—2021年农业用水效率均值为0.938,处于较高利用状态;灌区全要素生产率年均值均大于1,农业用水效率总体呈现较好的发展趋势,技术进步起重要作用;空间上,农业用水效率按地区排序由大到小表现为东北部、西部、中部,具体为东北部农业用水效率均值为1.499,中部与西部农业用水效率均值分别为0.495和0.540;种植构成、产值构成与年平均气温是影响额敏灌区农业用水效率的主要因素.

考虑农户生产资金需求的农超“互联网+”对接策略研究

针对传统农超对接模式中,超市延期支付农产品采购货款的方式难以满足农户下期生产准备所需生产资金的问题,采用农产品供应链成员主从博弈模型,对比研究了农超双方在传统对接模式和“互联网+”对接模式下的最优利润,在此基础上提出了“互联网+”对接策略选择和保鲜处理策略。研究发现:基于销售量的平台使用费协议能够促使农超双方达成“互联网+”对接且满足农户下期生产准备资金需求。当农户的下期生产准备资金需求小于一定阈值时,农超双方会选择超市在线下渠道对农产品保鲜的“互联网+”对接策略;反之会转变为选择农户在线上渠道对农产品保鲜的“互联网+”对接策略。此外,随着线上线下两个渠道冲突和渠道竞争因素影响逐渐增大,上述导致农超“互联网+”对接策略选择发生转变的阈值也会随之增加。

新疆生产建设兵团第一师生鲜农产品供应链稳定性研究——以“农超对接”为例

古人云:“千秋丰碑,民以食为天”,随着人民生活水平的蒸蒸日上,生鲜农产品市场需求量日益增长,其供应链的发展也迎来新的机遇和挑战,可见优化生鲜农产品供应链稳定性的研究不可或缺。该文以新疆生产建设兵团第一师为研究对象,分析第一师“农超对接”生鲜农产品供应链的结构,分别从农户、超市、对接合作角度讨论第一师“农超对接”生鲜农产品供应链存在的风险,并提出“农超对接”生鲜农产品供应链稳定性发展的对策,为推动第一师生鲜农产品供应链稳定性的高质量发展提供参考。

降碳减污视角下山东省农业绿色发展效率的时空格局与影响因素分析

基于降碳减污视角构建农业绿色发展效率评价指标体系,综合采用Super-EBM模型、核密度估计、Global Malmquist-Luenberger指数及面板Tobit模型分析2001—2021年山东省农业绿色发展效率时空格局、演变特征和影响因素。结果显示:①研究期内山东省农业绿色发展综合效率和纯技术效率呈“W”形演变轨迹,规模效率平稳上升,农业绿色发展效率由规模驱动转为由规模、技术共同驱动;②山东省农业绿色发展效率空间格局由低水平交错分布向高水平均衡分布演变,纯技术效率的高水平均衡分布特征趋于显著,规模效率仍表现出较明显的空间非均衡性,形成“东西高、中部低”的带状空间格局;③山东省农业绿色全要素生产率缓慢上升,缘于技术进步和纯技术效率提高,其中以后者贡献为主,而规模效率具有一定抑制作用;④居民富裕程度、数字经济对农业绿色发展综合效率和纯技术效率具有正向作用,产业结构优化、城镇化水平提高对农业绿色发展规模效率具有负向作用。