This study consisted to evaluate the effects of ecological practices on the yield performance of the JEWEL of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). The study was conducted in a Sudano-Sahelian croppi...This study consisted to evaluate the effects of ecological practices on the yield performance of the JEWEL of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). The study was conducted in a Sudano-Sahelian cropping system (Lantargou, eastern region of Burkina Faso). Agro-ecological practices consisted of the inputs of 3.20 t/ha of compost + 2.45 t/ha of wood ash (CO + WA);4.90 t/ha of wood ash (WA);6.40 t/ha of compost (CO) were compared to control with no inputs (T<sub>0</sub>). Each treatment was repeated four times. The crop management consisted of plowing, harrowing, raising of ridges with 40 cm height, burying of treatments, transplanting of cuttings, two weeding’s, and using of biopesticide called PIOL for crop protection. Composite soil samples per treatment were also collected at tuber harvest and analyzed to determine the effects of treatments on residual soil fertility. Results showed that the plant heights and diameters under the CO were significantly (P < 0.001) improved by 16% and 12% compared to T<sub>0</sub>. The WA treatment significantly increased the number of large tubers by 43% (P ≤ 0.01) compared to T<sub>0</sub>. Total tuber numbers, large tuber numbers and tuber yields of sweet potato under CO + WA were significantly (P < 0.001) and respectively improved by 27%, 50% and 31% compared to T<sub>0</sub>. All treatments increased soil organic matter, N, P and K contents, and reduced soil acidity compared with those obtained under T<sub>0</sub>. Soil K content was improved by 39% under CO + WA, and soil N content by 34% under WA compared to T<sub>0</sub>. Soil C/N ratio under CO + WA was reduced by 20% compared others treatments. But, the CO + WA treatment outperformed by improving residual soil N content by 38%, and the WA treatment by increasing soil K content by 50% compared to T<sub>0</sub>. In addition, soil pHH<sub>2</sub>O increased by 1.2 units under WA treatment compared to T<sub>0</sub>. As conclusion, the application of 6.4 t/ha of compost performed well to improve the vegetative growth of orange-fleshed sweet potato while the inputs of 3.2 t/ha of compost + 2.45 t/ha of wood ash were efficacy to significantly increase the tuber yields and improve the residual fertility of soil.展开更多
Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） causes economically important losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Mild strain cross protection （MSCP） against tristeza has hardly been practised due to mixed infection of different...Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） causes economically important losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Mild strain cross protection （MSCP） against tristeza has hardly been practised due to mixed infection of different CTV-strains and little background of its molecular biology in China. For better cognition on CTV, 192 sweet orange samples collected from eight provinces （Chongqing, Sichuan, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong and Jiangxi） were tested by direct tissue blot immuno-assay （DTBIA）, and 158 of them were tested positively, which therefore were subjected to coat protein gene （CPG）/Hinf Ⅰ restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） analysis. Sample bulks were compared between Chongqing and Fujian by some statistical data, including ratios of single infection and mixed infection to local samples, proportions of CTV isolates with single RFLP groups, and rates of each RFLP group. The simplified analysis of samples from the other six provinces were then conducted. This study suggests that CTV isolates with CPG/Hinf Ⅰ RFLP groups Ⅲ and Ⅰ are the main epidemic ones in China, and mixed infection of CTV in fields are popular. Based on observation of severity of stem-pitting symptom in field trees, CTV isolates with CPG/Hinf Ⅰ RFLP groups Ⅲ and Ⅰ caused severe stem-pittings in sweet oranges in China.展开更多
Citrus canker, an epidemic quarantine disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, has brought a great damage in citrus production worldwide. Herein, a rice PRR （pattern recognition receptor） gene Xa21 togeth...Citrus canker, an epidemic quarantine disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, has brought a great damage in citrus production worldwide. Herein, a rice PRR （pattern recognition receptor） gene Xa21 together with GUS reporter gene and hygromycin phosphotransferase gene （HPT） was introduced into Anliucheng sweet orange （Citrus sinensis Osbeck） via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic callus. The transgenic calluses were screened on MT basal medium containing hygromycin （HYG） and detected by histochemical GUS staining. The transgenic plantlets were recovered through somatic embryogenesis pathway. The regenerated plantlets were accustomed to and maintained in the greenhouse. The transgene integration of recovered plantlets was identiifed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. It showed that all the transgenic plantlets tested had undergone single copy integration, the expression of Xa21 in eight different transgenic lines detected by qRT-PCR can be divided into three grades, high for T5 and T6, middle for T4 and low for the rest. The tolerance to citrus canker disease of the three recovered transgenic lines T2, T4 and T6 was assessed by in vitro pin-puncture inoculation. The results showed that all the three transgenic lines conferred improved resistance to citrus canker bacterium infection and the T4 transgenic line displayed the highest resistance. The mechanism and feasibility of rice Xa21 in triggering innate immunity in citrus was brielfy discussed.展开更多
The red-flesh mutant Hong Anliu sweet orange is of high nutritional value due to its lycopene accumulation.Our previous studies on this mutant fruits suggested that photosynthesis and oxidative stress could promote th...The red-flesh mutant Hong Anliu sweet orange is of high nutritional value due to its lycopene accumulation.Our previous studies on this mutant fruits suggested that photosynthesis and oxidative stress could promote the formation of mutation trait.However,leaf rather than fruit is the major part for some important biological processes such as photosynthesis.In this study,we analyzed the proteomic alteration in leaves of the red-flesh mutant Hong Anliu vs.its wild type （WT）.Ten differentially expressed proteins were identified,of which two were involved in photosynthesis,three in oxidative stress,two in defense,and three in metabolism.The high up-regulation of photosynthetic proteins proved the hypothesis that enhanced photosynthesis could provide and transport more substrates into mutant fruits for carotenoid biosynthesis.Similar to the previous results in fruits,anti-oxidative proteins were highly up-regulated in leaves,suggesting the whole plant of Hong Anliu suffered from enhanced oxidative stress.Proteins involved in defense and metabolism were also identified,and their possible roles in the mutation were discussed.展开更多
Selecting the market share,trade competitiveness index,revealed comparative advantage( RCA),and revealed competitive advantage index( CA),this paper compared the competitiveness of China and large sweet orange exporte...Selecting the market share,trade competitiveness index,revealed comparative advantage( RCA),and revealed competitive advantage index( CA),this paper compared the competitiveness of China and large sweet orange exporters,and made an empirical analysis. Results indicate that in terms of the market share,Spain has prominent advantage in competitiveness of sweet orange; in terms of the trade competitiveness index,Egypt and South Africa have higher competitiveness in the export of sweet orange; in terms of RCA and CA,Egypt has absolute international advantage in the export of sweet orange. China’s export competitiveness of sweet orange is much lower than other large sweet orange producers such as Spain,Egypt,and South Africa,and the export capacity is much lower than other large sweet orange producers. In view of current situations,it came up with recommendations for improving export competitiveness of China’s sweet orange,including expanding the market,diversifying the varieties,improving the quality,reducing the costs,strengthening cooperation of fruit farmer cooperatives,and enhancing government support.展开更多
Mozambican diets are often lacking in vitamin A. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) are rich in beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, but are not easily introduced into the diet as the consistency of the porridge...Mozambican diets are often lacking in vitamin A. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) are rich in beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, but are not easily introduced into the diet as the consistency of the porridge made from OFSP is unappetising. Flour made from roasted cassava (garri) produces a palatable porridge with a high energy density. We propose a simple procedure for producing an instant porridge by roasting grated OFSP with flour from shredded sun-dried cassava (G-OFSP). This is an easily adopted variant of the traditional garri-making process. The consistency of this porridge made from milled G-OFSP (G-OFSPf) was compared to the consistency of porridges made from maize flour (Mf), cassava flour (Cf), OFSP flour (OFSPf) and garri flour (Gf) at 43°C, and then correlated to the perceived characteristics assessed by a sensory panel. The dry matter concentration of the porridges was adjusted to give similar consistency, measured by the maximum force of back extrusion, using traditional maize porridge as a reference. The porridges were additionally characterized by back extrusion force relaxation time. Short relaxation times were obtained for G-OFSPf, Mf and Gf porridges and longer times for Cf and OFSPf porridges, corresponding roughly to the sensory preference. In the sensory test of consistency, G-OFSPf porridge was ranked first, followed by Mf, Gf, OFSPf and Cf. In overall sensory tests comparing G-OFSPf porridge to Gf porridge, G-OFSPf porridge was significantly preferred with regard to all sensory attributes evaluated (p < 0.01). The energy density of the G-OFSPf porridge was 5.6 kJ/ml;the highest of the three most preferred porridges with regard to texture. The preparation of flour from a mixture of grated OFSP and shredded sun-dried cassava improved the perceived porridge consistency, increased its energy density, and its high acceptability would increase the intake of betacarotene.展开更多
文摘This study consisted to evaluate the effects of ecological practices on the yield performance of the JEWEL of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). The study was conducted in a Sudano-Sahelian cropping system (Lantargou, eastern region of Burkina Faso). Agro-ecological practices consisted of the inputs of 3.20 t/ha of compost + 2.45 t/ha of wood ash (CO + WA);4.90 t/ha of wood ash (WA);6.40 t/ha of compost (CO) were compared to control with no inputs (T<sub>0</sub>). Each treatment was repeated four times. The crop management consisted of plowing, harrowing, raising of ridges with 40 cm height, burying of treatments, transplanting of cuttings, two weeding’s, and using of biopesticide called PIOL for crop protection. Composite soil samples per treatment were also collected at tuber harvest and analyzed to determine the effects of treatments on residual soil fertility. Results showed that the plant heights and diameters under the CO were significantly (P < 0.001) improved by 16% and 12% compared to T<sub>0</sub>. The WA treatment significantly increased the number of large tubers by 43% (P ≤ 0.01) compared to T<sub>0</sub>. Total tuber numbers, large tuber numbers and tuber yields of sweet potato under CO + WA were significantly (P < 0.001) and respectively improved by 27%, 50% and 31% compared to T<sub>0</sub>. All treatments increased soil organic matter, N, P and K contents, and reduced soil acidity compared with those obtained under T<sub>0</sub>. Soil K content was improved by 39% under CO + WA, and soil N content by 34% under WA compared to T<sub>0</sub>. Soil C/N ratio under CO + WA was reduced by 20% compared others treatments. But, the CO + WA treatment outperformed by improving residual soil N content by 38%, and the WA treatment by increasing soil K content by 50% compared to T<sub>0</sub>. In addition, soil pHH<sub>2</sub>O increased by 1.2 units under WA treatment compared to T<sub>0</sub>. As conclusion, the application of 6.4 t/ha of compost performed well to improve the vegetative growth of orange-fleshed sweet potato while the inputs of 3.2 t/ha of compost + 2.45 t/ha of wood ash were efficacy to significantly increase the tuber yields and improve the residual fertility of soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30471205)under the program"Comparison Research on Strains of Citrus tristeza virus."
文摘Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） causes economically important losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Mild strain cross protection （MSCP） against tristeza has hardly been practised due to mixed infection of different CTV-strains and little background of its molecular biology in China. For better cognition on CTV, 192 sweet orange samples collected from eight provinces （Chongqing, Sichuan, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong and Jiangxi） were tested by direct tissue blot immuno-assay （DTBIA）, and 158 of them were tested positively, which therefore were subjected to coat protein gene （CPG）/Hinf Ⅰ restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） analysis. Sample bulks were compared between Chongqing and Fujian by some statistical data, including ratios of single infection and mixed infection to local samples, proportions of CTV isolates with single RFLP groups, and rates of each RFLP group. The simplified analysis of samples from the other six provinces were then conducted. This study suggests that CTV isolates with CPG/Hinf Ⅰ RFLP groups Ⅲ and Ⅰ are the main epidemic ones in China, and mixed infection of CTV in fields are popular. Based on observation of severity of stem-pitting symptom in field trees, CTV isolates with CPG/Hinf Ⅰ RFLP groups Ⅲ and Ⅰ caused severe stem-pittings in sweet oranges in China.
基金financially supported by the National HighTech R&D Program of China (863, 2011AA100205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31125024)
文摘Citrus canker, an epidemic quarantine disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, has brought a great damage in citrus production worldwide. Herein, a rice PRR （pattern recognition receptor） gene Xa21 together with GUS reporter gene and hygromycin phosphotransferase gene （HPT） was introduced into Anliucheng sweet orange （Citrus sinensis Osbeck） via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic callus. The transgenic calluses were screened on MT basal medium containing hygromycin （HYG） and detected by histochemical GUS staining. The transgenic plantlets were recovered through somatic embryogenesis pathway. The regenerated plantlets were accustomed to and maintained in the greenhouse. The transgene integration of recovered plantlets was identiifed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. It showed that all the transgenic plantlets tested had undergone single copy integration, the expression of Xa21 in eight different transgenic lines detected by qRT-PCR can be divided into three grades, high for T5 and T6, middle for T4 and low for the rest. The tolerance to citrus canker disease of the three recovered transgenic lines T2, T4 and T6 was assessed by in vitro pin-puncture inoculation. The results showed that all the three transgenic lines conferred improved resistance to citrus canker bacterium infection and the T4 transgenic line displayed the highest resistance. The mechanism and feasibility of rice Xa21 in triggering innate immunity in citrus was brielfy discussed.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2011CB100601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830078,30921002)
文摘The red-flesh mutant Hong Anliu sweet orange is of high nutritional value due to its lycopene accumulation.Our previous studies on this mutant fruits suggested that photosynthesis and oxidative stress could promote the formation of mutation trait.However,leaf rather than fruit is the major part for some important biological processes such as photosynthesis.In this study,we analyzed the proteomic alteration in leaves of the red-flesh mutant Hong Anliu vs.its wild type （WT）.Ten differentially expressed proteins were identified,of which two were involved in photosynthesis,three in oxidative stress,two in defense,and three in metabolism.The high up-regulation of photosynthetic proteins proved the hypothesis that enhanced photosynthesis could provide and transport more substrates into mutant fruits for carotenoid biosynthesis.Similar to the previous results in fruits,anti-oxidative proteins were highly up-regulated in leaves,suggesting the whole plant of Hong Anliu suffered from enhanced oxidative stress.Proteins involved in defense and metabolism were also identified,and their possible roles in the mutation were discussed.
基金Supported by the Education Science Research"12th Five-Year Plan"Project of Jiangxi Province(14YB086)Program of Gannan Normal University(15kyw09)
文摘Selecting the market share,trade competitiveness index,revealed comparative advantage( RCA),and revealed competitive advantage index( CA),this paper compared the competitiveness of China and large sweet orange exporters,and made an empirical analysis. Results indicate that in terms of the market share,Spain has prominent advantage in competitiveness of sweet orange; in terms of the trade competitiveness index,Egypt and South Africa have higher competitiveness in the export of sweet orange; in terms of RCA and CA,Egypt has absolute international advantage in the export of sweet orange. China’s export competitiveness of sweet orange is much lower than other large sweet orange producers such as Spain,Egypt,and South Africa,and the export capacity is much lower than other large sweet orange producers. In view of current situations,it came up with recommendations for improving export competitiveness of China’s sweet orange,including expanding the market,diversifying the varieties,improving the quality,reducing the costs,strengthening cooperation of fruit farmer cooperatives,and enhancing government support.
文摘Mozambican diets are often lacking in vitamin A. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) are rich in beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, but are not easily introduced into the diet as the consistency of the porridge made from OFSP is unappetising. Flour made from roasted cassava (garri) produces a palatable porridge with a high energy density. We propose a simple procedure for producing an instant porridge by roasting grated OFSP with flour from shredded sun-dried cassava (G-OFSP). This is an easily adopted variant of the traditional garri-making process. The consistency of this porridge made from milled G-OFSP (G-OFSPf) was compared to the consistency of porridges made from maize flour (Mf), cassava flour (Cf), OFSP flour (OFSPf) and garri flour (Gf) at 43°C, and then correlated to the perceived characteristics assessed by a sensory panel. The dry matter concentration of the porridges was adjusted to give similar consistency, measured by the maximum force of back extrusion, using traditional maize porridge as a reference. The porridges were additionally characterized by back extrusion force relaxation time. Short relaxation times were obtained for G-OFSPf, Mf and Gf porridges and longer times for Cf and OFSPf porridges, corresponding roughly to the sensory preference. In the sensory test of consistency, G-OFSPf porridge was ranked first, followed by Mf, Gf, OFSPf and Cf. In overall sensory tests comparing G-OFSPf porridge to Gf porridge, G-OFSPf porridge was significantly preferred with regard to all sensory attributes evaluated (p < 0.01). The energy density of the G-OFSPf porridge was 5.6 kJ/ml;the highest of the three most preferred porridges with regard to texture. The preparation of flour from a mixture of grated OFSP and shredded sun-dried cassava improved the perceived porridge consistency, increased its energy density, and its high acceptability would increase the intake of betacarotene.
