早先的欧洲把所有的果实都称为 apple,这或许是圣经里有关人类祖先亚当和夏娃在伊甸园偷食禁果的故事影响所致。现代英语中的 pineapple(菠萝)一词实质上是 the apple of pine 的变体。love apple 意思是蕃茄,西红柿。法语中与英语词 ap...早先的欧洲把所有的果实都称为 apple,这或许是圣经里有关人类祖先亚当和夏娃在伊甸园偷食禁果的故事影响所致。现代英语中的 pineapple(菠萝)一词实质上是 the apple of pine 的变体。love apple 意思是蕃茄,西红柿。法语中与英语词 apple 相对应的词是 pomme,也有 pomme de terre(=英语词potato 土豆),pomme d’amour(=英语词 tomato,love apple(西红柿)等词。它们部与 apple 有关。翻开英文辞典,我们就会发现 apple 一词有两义:一曰“苹果’:一曰“类似苹果的各种果实”。我们知道桔子 orange 是桔黄色的,似金黄,在拉丁语中它称之为 aurangia,意为 golden apple。orange 原有的起首字母是 n,在法语和拉丁语里把 n 丢掉时,在梵语里仍然有之,为 norange。展开更多
In this paper,a computer vision-based algorithm for golden delicious apple grading is proposed which works in six steps.Non-apple pixels as background are firstly removed from input images.Then,stem end is detected by...In this paper,a computer vision-based algorithm for golden delicious apple grading is proposed which works in six steps.Non-apple pixels as background are firstly removed from input images.Then,stem end is detected by combination of morphological methods and Mahalanobis distant classifier.Calyx region is also detected by applying K-means clustering on the Cb component in YCbCr color space.After that,defects segmentation is achieved using Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)neural network.In the next step,stem end and calyx regions are removed from defected regions to refine and improve apple grading process.Then,statistical,textural and geometric features from refined defected regions are extracted.Finally,for apple grading,a comparison between performance of Support Vector Machine(SVM),MLP and K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)classifiers is done.Classification is done in two manners which in the first one,an input apple is classified into two categories of healthy and defected.In the second manner,the input apple is classified into three categories of first rank,second rank and rejected ones.In both grading steps,SVM classifier works as the best one with recognition rate of 92.5%and 89.2%for two categories(healthy and defected)and three quality categories(first rank,second rank and rejected ones),among 120 different golden delicious apple images,respectively,considering K-folding with K=5.Moreover,the accuracy of the proposed segmentation algorithms including stem end detection and calyx detection are evaluated for two different apple image databases.展开更多
We constructed a reaction-based near-infrared fluorescent probe(Niap) to specifically identify alkaline phosphatase(ALP) with fast red fluorescence enhancement.Based on the positive concentrationdependent manner betwe...We constructed a reaction-based near-infrared fluorescent probe(Niap) to specifically identify alkaline phosphatase(ALP) with fast red fluorescence enhancement.Based on the positive concentrationdependent manner between the fluorescent intensity of the Niap and ALP,probe Niap was used to study the ALP enrichment and variation in golden apple snails(Pomacea canaliculata) exposed to the molluscicide candidate PPU06.After treatment with different concentrations of PPU06 over various times,three organs of the surviving snails,liver,stomach and plantaris,were frozen and sectioned for fluorescent imaging experiments.With increased PPU06 concentration,red fluorescence substantially increased in the liver and reached a maximum within 24 h when the PPU06 co ncentration was 0.75 mg/L.No obvious changes in the stomach or foot plantaris were found.It showed PPU06 caused liver injury and stimulated the increase of ALP in the liver of P.canaliculata.This study demonstrates a rapid ALP fluorescent identification method that can be used to study the effects of PPU06 on P.canaliculata.It also provides optical evidence that may aid in the discovery of new chemistry for snail control.展开更多
文摘早先的欧洲把所有的果实都称为 apple,这或许是圣经里有关人类祖先亚当和夏娃在伊甸园偷食禁果的故事影响所致。现代英语中的 pineapple(菠萝)一词实质上是 the apple of pine 的变体。love apple 意思是蕃茄,西红柿。法语中与英语词 apple 相对应的词是 pomme,也有 pomme de terre(=英语词potato 土豆),pomme d’amour(=英语词 tomato,love apple(西红柿)等词。它们部与 apple 有关。翻开英文辞典,我们就会发现 apple 一词有两义:一曰“苹果’:一曰“类似苹果的各种果实”。我们知道桔子 orange 是桔黄色的,似金黄,在拉丁语中它称之为 aurangia,意为 golden apple。orange 原有的起首字母是 n,在法语和拉丁语里把 n 丢掉时,在梵语里仍然有之,为 norange。
基金The authors would like to thank Prof.Jose Blasco et al.[11]for making valuable golden delicious apple images database and sharing with us this database and corresponding manual classification which was done by a human expert.
文摘In this paper,a computer vision-based algorithm for golden delicious apple grading is proposed which works in six steps.Non-apple pixels as background are firstly removed from input images.Then,stem end is detected by combination of morphological methods and Mahalanobis distant classifier.Calyx region is also detected by applying K-means clustering on the Cb component in YCbCr color space.After that,defects segmentation is achieved using Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)neural network.In the next step,stem end and calyx regions are removed from defected regions to refine and improve apple grading process.Then,statistical,textural and geometric features from refined defected regions are extracted.Finally,for apple grading,a comparison between performance of Support Vector Machine(SVM),MLP and K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)classifiers is done.Classification is done in two manners which in the first one,an input apple is classified into two categories of healthy and defected.In the second manner,the input apple is classified into three categories of first rank,second rank and rejected ones.In both grading steps,SVM classifier works as the best one with recognition rate of 92.5%and 89.2%for two categories(healthy and defected)and three quality categories(first rank,second rank and rejected ones),among 120 different golden delicious apple images,respectively,considering K-folding with K=5.Moreover,the accuracy of the proposed segmentation algorithms including stem end detection and calyx detection are evaluated for two different apple image databases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21672185,22067019,82072309)the support of National Key R&D Program of China (No.2017YFC1200600)
文摘We constructed a reaction-based near-infrared fluorescent probe(Niap) to specifically identify alkaline phosphatase(ALP) with fast red fluorescence enhancement.Based on the positive concentrationdependent manner between the fluorescent intensity of the Niap and ALP,probe Niap was used to study the ALP enrichment and variation in golden apple snails(Pomacea canaliculata) exposed to the molluscicide candidate PPU06.After treatment with different concentrations of PPU06 over various times,three organs of the surviving snails,liver,stomach and plantaris,were frozen and sectioned for fluorescent imaging experiments.With increased PPU06 concentration,red fluorescence substantially increased in the liver and reached a maximum within 24 h when the PPU06 co ncentration was 0.75 mg/L.No obvious changes in the stomach or foot plantaris were found.It showed PPU06 caused liver injury and stimulated the increase of ALP in the liver of P.canaliculata.This study demonstrates a rapid ALP fluorescent identification method that can be used to study the effects of PPU06 on P.canaliculata.It also provides optical evidence that may aid in the discovery of new chemistry for snail control.
