美国小学母语教材Journeys写作学习活动的设计特点及启示

Journeys教材被誉为美国小学三大主流母语教材之一,其在写作学习活动的设计方面颇具特色,主要表现为具有明确的写作文体指向、重视写作基础知识的学习以及重视对学生写作过程的指导等。Journeys教材的写作学习活动的设计特点也为统编版小学语文教材的设计提供了一定的启示,包括强化写作学习活动设计的文体意识、在写作学习活动中呈现清晰的核心写作知识以及深化写作学习活动的过程性设计等。

Westerlies Affecting the Seasonal Variation of Water Vapor Transport over the Tibetan Plateau Induced by Tropical Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal

This study investigates the activity of tropical cyclones(TCs)in the Bay of Bengal(BOB)from 1979 to 2018 to discover the mechanism affecting the contribution rate to the meridional moisture budget anomaly(MMBA)over the southern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau(SBTP).May and October–December are the bimodal phases of BOB TC frequency,which decreases month by month from October to December and is relatively low in May.However,the contribution rate to the MMBA is the highest in May.The seasonal variation in the meridional position of the westerlies is the key factor affecting the contribution rate.The relatively southern(northern)position of the westerlies in November and December(May)results in a lower(higher)contribution rate to the MMBA.This mechanism is confirmed by the momentum equation.When water vapor enters the westerlies near the trough line,the resultant meridional acceleration is directed north.It follows that the farther north the trough is,and the farther north the water vapor can be transported.When water vapor enters the westerlies from the area near the ridge line,for Type-T(Type-R)TCs,water vapor enters the westerlies downstream of the trough(ridge).Consequently,the direction of the resultant meridional acceleration is directed south and the resultant zonal acceleration is directed east(west),which is not conducive to the northward transport of water vapor.This is especially the case if the trough or ridge is relatively south,as the water vapor may not cross the SBTP.

Offshore high-grade limemud resources of west coast of India:Economic potential and industrial applications

Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement,paint,steel,ceramic,glass,chemical,pharmaceutical,paper,and fertilizer industries.In India,only 8%of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve category,of which 97%is of cement grade.Thus,India depends on imports to bridge the demand‐supply gap of steel,blast furnace,and chemical‐grade limestone.Efforts of Geological Survey of India(GSI)to locate alternate sources for limestone led to the discovery of enormous quantities of carbonate minerals called limemud from the continental shelf margin of the west coast of India.GSI carried out systematic studies to explore the nature of the disposition,quality,quantity,and suitability of the offshore limemud for various industrial applications.A preliminary estimate of resources using high‐resolution subbottom profiling and sediment core sample studies established the occurrence of more than 172 billion tonnes of high‐grade(The content of CaCO3 is greater than 80 wt%)limemud in 0.4–28.0m thick stratified sediment layers spread over an area of 18000 km2.Chemical,physical,mineralogical,beneficiation,and agglomeration studies found the offshore limemud as a potential replacement for limestone in the cement,filler,blast furnace,steel melting shop,lime production,paint,and Grade‐I steel industries.An assessment of mining and transportation costs indicates that the offshore limemud(USD 5–6/ton)is more cost‐effective than that imported from other countries(USD16‐18/ton).With several advantageous factors like low impurity,mode of occurrence in overburden‐free stratified form,fine‐grained slurry nature,and shallow water depth,sustainable mining of offshore limemud could be a future reality with controllable technological,economic,and environmental challenges.

Socioenvironmental Drivers of Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change Risk in Agroforestry Parklands of West Atacora in Benin (West Africa)

Throughout the world, climate change is threatening the human population. In West Africa, smallholder farmers in indigenous agricultural societies typically hold considerable knowledge. Therefore, this study was conducted in West Atacora of Benin Republic to assess the drivers of farmers’ perceptions of climate change risk. We used a random sampling technique to select 360 households’ heads who were interviewed regarding different climate change risks perception. Binomial logistic regression was used to assess the drivers of farmers’ perceptions of climate change risks. The results showed that the farmers in drier areas had a higher perception of the global risk of climate change than those in humid areas. The same trend was observed for the seven different individual’s climate change risk investigated. The study identified also membership of farm organizations as main sociodemographic characteristic that explains farmers’ perception of climate change risk perception. These findings are helpful tools to sensitize the local people on climate change risk and cope with the risk in agricultural lands.

Family journey in the process of recovery of schizophrenia:A qualitative study

Objective:The aim of this research is to explore the life experiences of schizophrenic families in accompanying the recovery process.Methods:This study uses a qualitative method with descriptive phenomenology to explain phenomena from family experiences.The number of the participants was eight families who had family members with schizophrenia.Sampling was determined by purposive sampling.Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi method.Results:The results of this study show four themes that emerged including(1)psychological burden on the family,(2)families needing support in the recovery process,(3)obstacles due to social stigma,and(4)family gratitude for being able to pass the test patiently.Conclusion:The schizophrenia family’s journey in the recovery process is very long.They are required to endure in assisting the recovery process.Experiences felt by the family include feelings,obstacles,and hopes that arise in carrying out their role to assist the recovery process which aims to improve the health of schizophrenia patients.The findings from this study provide insight for nurses to be able to pay attention to family psychological problems by strengthening families through home visits and health promotion related to the recovery process of survivor schizophrenia.

Use of Topical Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) in Diabetic Septic Foot Disease in Makkah Region, Western of Saudi Arabia, an Exploratory Study

Diabetes is a chronic condition that is significantly impacted daily by environment. At least one in five Saudis, suffer from diabetes. “Diabetes is a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude spiraling out of control” (Boulton). Saudi Arabia ranks the second highest in the Middle East, and is the seventh in the world for the prevalence of diabetes (WHO). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been found to be related to high mortality, morbidity accompanied by poor general health and lower quality of life. Current Saudi diabetes patients’ behaviors, practices, and beliefs regarding foot health problems such as ulcers, are not well investigated. Diabetic patients frequently utilize natural remedies and Herbs for self-medication as a part of complementary and alternative Medicine. Aim of study: To explore the widespread use of the alternative remedies in the local communities of the Western Saudi Arabia, the drives behind using and to focus on the potential adverse effects following their usage. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 386 diabetic patients with feet problems in Makkah Region, West of Saudi Arabia during the period April - June 2023. Results: Out of the 531 participants, only 386 participants reported diabetic foot disorder (DFD). Most of the participant were above 65 years of age group (24.61 %). Male (52.08%) more than female (47.92%) in the research group. All of the participants had diabetic foot disorders at least once. The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) use among them was 67.88%, as solitary or in combination with hospital medicines. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Acquaintances advice (59.54%) was the most reason for using the alternative medicine. 60.30% of Diabetic foot patient complained of adverse effects during CAM remedies use. Conclusion: Consumption of CAM remedies among diabetic patients for Diabetic Foot Disorder (DFD) is common. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Additional wide-scale research is required to establish their actual efficacy, safety and potential adverse out-comes and to generalize the outcomes.

A systematic review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West Africa

Climate change studies are diverse with no single study giving a comprehensive review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West Africa.The unavailability of an all-inclusive study to serve as a guide for practitioners affects the effectiveness of climate change adaptation strategies proposed and adopted in the West African sub-region.The purpose of this study was to review the impacts of climate change risks on the crop,fishery,and livestock sectors,as well as the climate change adaptation strategies and climate-related policies aimed at helping to build resilient agricultural production systems in West Africa.The review process followed a series of rigorous stages until the final selection of 56 articles published from 2009 to 2023.Generally,the results highlighted the adverse effects of climate change risks on food security.We found a continuous decline in food crop production.Additionally,the livestock sector experienced morbidity and mortality,as well as reduction in meat and milk production.The fishery sector recorded loss of fingerlings,reduction in fish stocks,and destruction of mariculture and aquaculture.In West Africa,climate-smart agriculture technologies,physical protection of fishing,and inclusion of gender perspectives in programs appear to be the major adaptation strategies.The study therefore recommends the inclusion of ecosystem and biodiversity restoration,weather insurance,replacement of unsafe vessels,and strengthening gender equality in all climate change mitigation programs,as these will help to secure enough food for present and future generations.

Isolated Hyperacute T-Waves in West Nile Encephalitis Indicating Atypical Variant of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Several cardiac outcomes have been reported with West Nile-encephalitis;however, the underlying pathophysiology remains complex. We present a 42-year-old female, with multiple sclerosis, whose neurological symptoms and respiratory decline were finally explained by the diagnosis of West Nile-encephalitis. During her admission, the isolated peaked T-waves indicated the underlying stress-induced cardiomyopathy. The absence of all other causes of hyperacute T-waves, their subsequent resolution with the resolution of infection and improvement in wall motion abnormalities, further supported the association. This case highlights the importance of considering hyperacute T-waves in an approach towards the diagnosis of WNV-encephalitis related atypical variant of stress-induced cardiomyopathy.

Petroleum geological characteristics and exploration targets of the oil-rich sags in the Central and West African Rift System

Based on seismic,drilling,and source rock analysis data,the petroleum geological characteristics and future exploration direction of the oil-rich sags in the Central and West African Rift System(CWARS)are discussed.The study shows that the Central African Rift System mainly develops high-quality lacustrine source rocks in the Lower Cretaceous,and the West African Rift System mainly develops high-quality terrigenous organic matter-rich marine source rocks in the Upper Cretaceous,and the two types of source rocks provide a material basis for the enrichment of oil and gas in the CWARS.Multiple sets of reservoir rocks including fractured basement and three sets of regional cap rocks in the Lower Cretaceous,the Upper Cretaceous,and the Paleogene are developed in the CWARS.Since the Late Mesozoic,due to the geodynamic factors including the dextral strike-slip movement of the Central African Shear Zone,the basins in different directions of the CWARS differ in terms of rifting stages,intervals of regional cap rocks,trap types and accumulation models.The NE-SW trending basins have mainly preserved one stage of rifting in the Early Cretaceous,with regional cap rocks developed in the Lower Cretaceous strata,forming traps of reverse anticlines,flower-shaped structures and basement buried hill,and two types of hydrocarbon accumulation models of"source and reservoir in the same formation,and accumulation inside source rocks"and"up-source and down-reservoir,and accumulation below source rocks".The NW–SE basins are characterized by multiple rifting stages superimposition,with the development of regional cap rocks in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene,forming traps of draping anticlines,faulted anticlines,antithetic fault blocks and the accumulation model of"down-source and up-reservoir,and accumulation above source rocks".The combination of reservoir and cap rocks inside source rocks of basins with multiple superimposed rifting stages,as well as the lithologic reservoirs and the shale oil inside source rocks of strong inversion basins are important fields for future exploration in basins of the CWARS.

Control of the Dust Vertical Distribution over Western Africa by Convection and Scavenging

Saharan dust represents more than 50%of the total desert dust emitted around the globe and its radiative effect significantly affects the atmospheric circulation at a continental scale.Previous studies on dust vertical distribution and the Saharan Air Layer(SAL)showed some shortcomings that could be attributed to imperfect representation of the effects of deep convection and scavenging.The authors investigate here the role of deep convective transport and scavenging on the vertical distribution of mineral dust over Western Africa.Using multi-year(2006-2010)simulations performed with the variable-resolution(zoomed)version of the LMDZ climate model.Simulations are compared with aerosol amounts recorded by the Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET)and with vertical profiles of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization(CALIOP)measurements.LMDZ allows a thorough examination of the respective roles of deep convective transport,convective and stratiform scavenging,boundary layer transport,and advection processes on the vertical mineral dust distribution over Western Africa.The comparison of simulated dust Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD)and distribution with measurements suggest that scavenging in deep convection and subsequent re-evaporation of dusty rainfall in the lower troposphere are critical processes for explaining the vertical distribution of desert dust.These processes play a key role in maintaining a well-defined dust layer with a sharp transition at the top of the SAL and in establishing the seasonal cycle of dust distribution.This vertical distribution is further reshaped offshore in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ)over the Atlantic Ocean by marine boundary layer turbulent and convective transport and wet deposition at the surface.

Influence of Continental Atmospheric Forcing on the Decadal Variability of the West African Monsoon

The West African Monsoon (WAM) is characterized by strong decadal and multi-decadal variability and the impacts can be catastrophic for the local populations. One of the factors put forward to explain this variability involves the role of atmospheric dynamics, linked in particular to the Saharan Heat Low (SHL). This article addresses this question by comparing the sets of preindustrial control and historical simulation data from climate models carried out in the framework of the CMIP5 project and observations data over the 20th century. Through multivariate statistical analyses, it was established that decadal modes of ocean variability and decadal variability of Saharan atmospheric dynamics significantly influence decadal variability of monsoon precipitation. These results also suggest the existence of external anthropogenic forcing, which is superimposed on the decadal natural variability inducing an intensification of the signal in the historical simulations compared to preindustrial control simulations. We have also shown that decadal rainfall variability in the Sahel, once the influence of oceanic modes has been eliminated, appears to be driven mainly by the activity of the Arabian Heat Low (AHL) in the central Sahel, and by the structure of the meridional temperature gradient over the inter-tropical Atlantic in the western Sahel.

The Criticism of Social Realities in the Three Worlds after the Human World of The Journey to the West

The three worlds after the human world in The Journey to the West, in spite of their religious elements, their implicit moralizing, and their involved allegory, hold up a mirror to the social vices of the author's day, showing on the one hand the corruption, injustice, ava rice, lust, faction, perfidiousness and cruelty among the ruling classes, and on the other hand the miseries of the oppressed.

The Criticism of Social Realities in the Human World of The Journey to the West

Given the descriptions of all those unworthy kings in the human world,The Journey to the West is more of a realistic work of fiction than a fantasy.Though the story comprises many superstitious elements,it is told in a very vivid and convincing way and it holds numerous indirect references to the conditions of the author's own day.The book is the author's most forceful means of criticizing the ugly appearances of the ruling classes of his time.

A Brief Analysis of the Themes of The Journey to the West

The Journey to the West has adopted a conventional theme--life is a journey;in order to deliver one's soul,one has to go on the path of salvation.The purpose of this paper is to examine what steps the author has taken to enlighten the readers as to the progress of spiritual salvation.In view of this purpose,the analysis will be focused on the preaching of religious doctrines and the criticism of social realities in the novel.

让实用性文本凸显“实用性”——美国母语教材Journeys信息类文本的选编特色与启示

现代社会和语文新课标都对学生阅读、处理信息类文本的能力提出了新要求,然而受教材选文和教师教学方式的影响,学生信息类文本的阅读能力并不乐观。对美国母语教材Journeys信息类文本选文的研究可为我国信息类文本的选编及教学提供可借鉴的经验与启发:一是要以丰富、真实、富有挑战性的信息类文本链接学生的真实生活,二是明确信息类文本的教学价值,以阅读策略为导向发展学生的阅读能力,三是以信息类文本为媒介开展跨学科学习,实现学生核心素养的全面发展。

Cultural Transfer of Specific Terms Translation in The Journey to the West(C-E)

Translation study has long been focused on the linguistic difference between the ST and TT, to achieve"faithfulness"of the original. Translation is regarded as a second-hand copy the source text. Since Susan Bassnett puts forward cultural transfer as an approach in translation study, it begins to shift from linguistic study to comparative literary study. The process of translation involved in making another culture comprehensible entails varying degrees of violence, especially when culture being translated is constituted as that of the"other". The Journey to the West, a traditional Chinese classic contains numerous cultural-specific terms. Translators with different cultural identity mainly adopt domestication to provide easy access to the target readers, revealing the subjectivity and ideology of the translators and their cultures.

Research on the Derivative Development of Super IP in Journey to the West (西游记)

This paper is devoted to excavating the mode of production of the culture of Journey to the West-taking the creators of derivative works of Journey to the West as the main body,and from their free and conscious expression in the process of creation,to find out the path of works’development that conforms to the law of social aesthetics and creation.In the aspect of spiritual expression of the works,the freedom of the artist is reflected in the art producers’emotions,concepts,tastes,and accomplishment in the works,which is related to the artist’s life background,experience,and aesthetics:Wan Laiming(万籁鸣)’s classic national animation,Princess Iron Fan(铁扇公主),is adapted from the version of hundred times of Journey to the West.In addition to the necessary secondary creation in the text and presentation,the theme expression has also been updated and adjusted according to the social background and the author’s emotion;in the text expression of the works,the freedom of the artist is shown in the uniqueness of the work-the form and content of the works come from experience and are different from experience.The idea of building Marvel Cinematic Universe(MCU,漫威电影宇宙)is similar to the framework of“Core Task+Unit Stories”in Journey to the West;A lot of high-quality films and animations such as The Forbidden Kingdom(功夫之王),Panda do Kung Fu(功夫熊猫)and Jackie Chan Adventures(成龙历险记)used western context and culture to create cross-cultural works,but retained unique oriental corpus and images,forming the works’unique style and label.Artists’ability and experience enable them to be acutely aware of the law of artistic creation;they compare and think about different cultural works,and then apply the law to the secondary creation.The artist’s self-consciousness comes from the appreciator’s degree of acceptance of the works;it is reflected in the creator’s reasonable adjustment to the works due to the market,policy,and appreciator’s habits and tastes.The image of Sun Wukong(孙悟空)in the anime film Monkey Kin:Hero Is Back(大圣归来)-a hero of rebirth-has refreshed the audience.From the perspective of cultural studies,this is a negotiated secondary creation of Sun Wukong’s image in Journey to the West based on the interpretation psychology of the audience.In short,to analyze and summarize the ideation of various derivative works is to study the creative laws shared by artists,so as to provide more experience and reference for subsequent creation.

Architectural Model of a Dryland Gravel Braided River,based on 3D UAV Oblique Photogrammetric Data:A Case Study of West Dalongkou River in Eastern Xinjiang,China

Three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)oblique photogrammetric data were used to infer mountainous gravel braided river lithofacies,lithofacies associations and architectural elements.Hierarchical architecture and lithofacies associations with detailed lithofacies characterizations were comprehensively described to document the architectural model,architectural element scale and gravel particle scale.(1)Nine lithofacies(i.e.,Gmm,Gcm,Gcc,Gci,Gcl,Ss,Sm,Fsm and Fl)were identified and classified as gravel,sand and fine matrix deposits.These are typical depositional features of a mountainous dryland gravel-braided river.(2)Three architectural elements were identified,including channel(CH),gravel bar(GB)and overbank(OB).CH can be further divided into flow channel and abandoned channel,while GB consists of Central Gravel bar(CGB)and Margin Gravel bar(MGB).(3)The gravel bar is the key architectural element of the gravel braided river,with its geological attributes.The dimensions of GBs and their particles are various,but exhibit good relationships with each other.The grain size of GB decreases downstream,but the dimensions of GB do not.The bank erosion affects the GB dimensions,whereas channel incision and water flow velocity influence the grain size of GB.The conclusions can be applied to the dryland gravel braided river studies in tectonically active areas.

Commercialization of Cow Milk Production in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Livestock plays a vital role in the livelihood of many people in Ethiopia. However, a number of challenges hindered the development of the dairy sector along with its commercialization. Advancing commercialization of the rural generations was a foundation of the advancement and poverty reduction policies of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from 385 randomly selected households in Eastern Ethiopia were used in this study to assess the commercialization of cow milk producers. Descriptive statistics and the two limit Tobit econometric models were used to analyze the data. The average commercialization index was 0.434, indicating that each household sold 43.4 percent of the milk produced during the survey period. Ownership of improved breed cow, cooperative participation, access to market information, and quantity of milk produce influenced milk commercialization positively, but household size and distance to the nearest market influenced it negatively. The study suggests strengthening policies to improve rural family planning, strengthening farmer cooperatives to reinforce knowledge sharing among farmers for enhancing farmer resource endowment, and promoting improved breed varieties. The commercialization of milk producers will also expand as a result of policies that try to lower the transaction costs of accessing markets, improve the capacity of rural institutions, and encourage value addition and market links among various market players.

NDVI-Derived Vegetation Trends and Driving Factors in West African Sudanian Savanna

The Sudanian savanna is a key vegetation biome in West Africa providing food and vital ecosystem services. Recently, it has been reported alarming vegetation loss in this biome, calling for more investigation, relevant to tackle land degradation and ensure food security. However, vegetation dynamics in this area remains a matter of debate, and one of the main challenges is to document consistently the underlying driving factors. This study aimed at assessing vegetation trends and driving factors from 2000 to 2022. NDVI trend, detected using the Mann-Kendall’s monotonic trend test, was used as proxy to express vegetation dynamics. In addition to the non-parametric Spearman correlation analysis, variables importance scores, derived from Random Forest (RF) classifications, were used to determine key driving factors among climatic, topographic, edaphic, accessibility and demographic factors. During 2000-2022, no significant trends largely characterised the vegetation cover of the study area. However, patterns of strong (weak) browning and strong (weak) greening affected 7.1% (10.6%) and 12.8% (19.1%) of the study area respectively. According to the driving factors analysis, the observed vegetation trends were mainly driven by rainfall dynamics (trend and mean annual), population growth and anthropogenic activities. The results of this study can support the development of efficient strategies for safeguarding vegetation cover in the Sudanian savanna of Burkina Faso.