Analysis on the Composition and Structure of Branches of Two Kinds of Tree Shapes in Korla Fragrant Pear

ObjectiveThe thesis aims at investigating the distribution and structural characteristics of various branches in canopy of Korla fragrant pear. MethodStatistic work and analysis were conducted on the numbers and distribution characteristics of various branches in each cubic lattice by using the canopy cellular method. ResultThe results showed that： The total number of scaffold branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 97, which mainly distributed in the lower layer and middle part of the canopy; the total number of scaffold branches of open-center tree shape was 94, which mainly distributed in the lower layer and middle part of the canopy. The total number of annual branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 3 920, which mainly distributed in the middle layer and outer part of the canopy; and the total number of annual branches of the open-center tree shape was 3 183, which mainly distributed in middle layer and outer part of the canopy. The total number of perennial branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 2 184, which mainly distributed in lower layer and outer part of the canopy; the total number of perennial branches of open-center tree shape was 1 444, which mainly distributed in middle layer and outer part of the canopy. ConclusionThe total number and the distribution positions of scaffold branches in the canopy of each tree shape were basically the same. The total numbers of annual branches of the two kinds of tree shapes were different, but the distribution positions were basically the same. The total numbers and the distribution positions of perennial branches in the canopy of the two kinds of tree shapes were different.

Analysis on Differences in Photosynthetic Characteristics of Korla Fragrant Pear among Different Planting Densities

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the differences in photosynthetic characteristics of Korla fragrant pear among different planting densities,providing a basis for the improvement of fruit yield and quality of Korla fragrant pear in production. [Method] The net photosynthetic rates, photoresponse curves and CO2 response curves of Korla fragrant pear under six different planting densities were determined using Li-6400 XT portable photosynthesis system. [Result] There were significant differences in photosynthetic parameters of Korla fragrant pear among six different planting densities. The net photosynthetic rate of Korla fragrant pear was highest under the planting density of 4.0 m × 6.0 m. At the planting density of4.0 m×6.0 m, when the light intensity reached 1 800 μmol/（m^2·s）, the net photosynthetic rate of Korla fragrant pear reached the peak [19.326 μmol/（m^2·s）], and the apparent quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency and dark respiration rate all reached the maximum values; at the planting density of 6.0 m ×7.0 m, Korla fragrant pear showed lower light compensation point and CO2 compensation point, but higher light saturation point. At the planting density of 3.0 m ×5.0 m, Korla fragrant pear had higher light saturation point. [Conclusion] Among the six different planting densities,Korla fragrant pear with planting density of 4.0 m ×6.0 m showed the highest net photosynthetic rate. It suggested that Korla fragrant pear, at the planting density of4.0 m ×6.0 m, had stronger utilization capacity for low light and low-concentration CO2. Therefore, the Korla fragrant pear with the planting density of 4.0 m ×6.0 m has the highest photosynthesis efficiency, and the planting density of 4.0 m ×6.0 m is the most ideal planting density for Korla fragrant pear.

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Twig Water Potential of Korla Fragrant Pear

With 7-year-old Korla fragrant pear trees as the experimental material, different root-zone irrigation patterns were arranged to study the effects of soil moisture on twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees at different growth stages. The results showed that under the condition of regulated deficit irrigation, the diurnal dynamics of twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees was V shaped at different growth stages, and the twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees reached the minimum during 14：00-16：00. At different growth stages, the twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees under drought stress was significantly lower than that of pear trees irrigated normally. Under both drought stress and normal irrigation, the diurnal variation of twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees during the flowering period was most gentle, that during the fruit-setting and mature periods showed some ups and downs, and that during the fruit enlargement period was greater. Under the experimental conditions, the twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees was positively correlated with soil moisture content, and the functional relationships between them at different growth stages were studied by regression analysis. In addition, the limits of twig water potential and soil moisture content for normal growth of Korla fragrant pear trees at different growth stages were determined.

Differences in Light Response Curve and CO_2 Response Curve of Korla Fragrant Pear Trees in Different Training Systems

[Objective] This study was conducted to evaluate three training systems for Korla fragrant pear trees by comparing the characteristic parameters of light response curve and CO2 response curve, and to provide some theoretical basis for improving the pruning techniques of Korla fragrant pear trees. [Method] The light response curve and CO2 response curve of the trees trained to three systems were measured by LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The SPAD value was measured using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter, and specific leaf weight was calculated, to evaluate the effects of the three training systems. [Result] The CO2 response curves of the three training systems were basically in agreement with their light response curves, but there were some differences in their characteristic parameters. Among the three training systems, the maximum net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum yield and light compensation point of espalier trained trees were the highest, while their light saturation point was the lowest. The CO2 saturation point of delayed-open central leader trained trees and open center trained trees were 1 752 and 1 665 μmol/mol, both of which were much higher than that of espalier trained trees. In addition, the carboxylation efficiency and photorespiration rate of espalier trained trees were both higher than those of delayed-open central leader trained trees and open center trained trees, while the CO2 compensation point of espalier trained trees was the lowest. The leaf SPAD value of espalier trained trees was the largest, followed by that of open center trained trees, and the leaf SPAD value of delayed-open central leader trained trees was the smallest. In addition, the leaf area and specific leaf weight of espalier trained trees were both the highest, followed by those of open center trained trees. [Conclusion] Among the training systems for Korla fragrant pear trees, the espalier training system had better ability to capture light, higher photosynthetic productivity and strongest adaptability to light environment, and open center training system takes the second place. On the contrary, delayed-open central leader training system has the weakest adaptability to light environment, but it can adapt to a higher CO2 concentration. In summary, for the training of Korla fragrant pear trees, espalier training system, which has the highest theoretical yield, is the best among the three training systems, and delayed-open central leader training system is the worst.

Optimal storage temperature and 1-MCP treatment combinations for different marketing times of Korla Xiang pears

Maintenance of green color is the primary indicator of quality in the market evaluation of Korla Xiang pears at present and can generally be achieved through early harvesting and decreasing the storage temperature, but the fruit quality was reduced by early harvesting, and the decreasing storage temperature increased the risk of chilling injury. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal storage parameters for different storage times and to find ways to preserve the green skin color of pears. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of the ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）, combined with low temperature on quality and maintenance of the green color of Korla Xiang pears during storage. We found that 1-MCP and/or low temperature reduced the loss of green color at 20℃ after being removed from cold storage. In addition, 1-MCP significantly inhibited the decline of titratable acid and ascorbic acid but had no significant effect on fruit firmness and total soluble solids. Low temperature with or without 1-MCP inhibited the release of ethylene, inhibited the decline in the stalk preservation index, inhibited the increase in decay rate and weight loss rate during storage, and inhibited the increase in the core browning index after 225 days of storage. Different storage temperatures had different effects on the quality of Korla Xiang pears. Despite inhibiting ethylene release, a storage temperature of-1.5℃ increased the respiration rate. Storage at -1.5℃ caused core browning eady during storage due to chilling injury, whereas at 2℃ core browning occurred late during storage due to senescence. In late storage, 1-MCP had no significant effect on the maintenance of Korla Xiang pear quality at 2℃. Based on these results, we determined the optimal combinations of low temperature and 1-MCP treatment to maintain pear quality while avoiding chilling injury. For different marketing times, the optimal conditions for storage until New Year＇s Day （a storage duration of 90 days） are 2℃ or 1-MCP combined with 2℃. For storage until the Spring Festival （a storage duration of 150 days）, the optimal conditions are 0℃ or 1-MCP combined with 0℃, and for storage until May （a storage duration of 225 days）, the best conditions are 1-MCP combined with -1.5℃.

Transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes related to chlorogenic acid biosynthesis during development of Korla fragrant pear in Xinjiang

Korla fragrant pear(KFP)with special fragrance is a unique cultivar in Xinjiang,China.In order to explore the biosynthesis molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in KFP,the samples at different development periods were collected for transcriptome analysis.High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that CGA contents of KFP at 88,118 and 163 days after full bloom were(20.96±1.84),(12.01±0.91)and(7.16±0.41)mg/100 g,respectively,and decreased with the fruit development.Pears from these typical 3 periods were selected for de novo transcriptome assemble and 68059 unigenes were assembled from 444037960 clean reads.One‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’pathway including 57 unigenes,11 PALs,1 PTAL,64CLs,9 C4Hs,25 HCTs and 5 C3’Hs related to CGA biosynthesis was determined.It was found that the expression levels of 11 differentially expressed genes including 1 PAL,2 C4Hs,34CLs and 5 HCTs were consistent with the change of CGA content.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis further showed that 8 unigenes involved in CGA biosynthesis were consistent with the RNA-seq data.These findings will provide a comprehensive understanding and valuable information on the genetic engineering and molecular breeding in KFP.

Response of Leaf Tissue Structure to PP333 in Korla Fragrant Pear

[Objective] This study was performed to explore the effect of different concentrations of PP333 on leaf tissue structure of Korla fragrant pear and to lay the foundation for the cultivation and regulation of Korla fragrant pear. [Method] The leaf tissues treated with different concentrations of PP333 were dehydrated with al- cohol, embedded in paraffin and sliced into 10-μm slices. The thicknesses of leaf blade, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade tissue and sponge tissue were measured, and the ratio of palisade to spongy layer thickness, cell tightness （CT） and cell looseness （CL） were calculated. [Result] The thickness of leaf blade, the ratio of palisade to sponge layer thickness and the thickness of palisade layer were all significantly increased after treatment with PP333. Treatment with 2 500 mg/L PP333 showed no obvious effect on the thickness of leaf epidermis, but increased the thicknesses of leaf blade and palisade tissue. Leaf CL was the highest in the treatment of 1 500 mg/L PP333. [Conclusion] PP333 can increase the leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and CT, reduce spongy tissue thickness and CL of Korla fragrant pear. Additionally, 1 500 mg/L was the optimal concentration for the application of PP333 to improve the cold resistance of Koda fragrant pear.

Response of Leaf Tissue Structure to Exogenous ABA in Korla Fragrant Pear

To study the effects of different concentrations of Abscisic Acid(ABA) on leaf tissue structure of Korla fragrant pear and lay the foundation for the cultivation and regulation of Korla fragrant pear. Using the paraffin section method, the leaf thickness, the epidermis thickness, the palisade tissue thickness and the sponge tissue thickness were measured; palisade spongy ratio, Cell Tightness(CT) and Cell Looseness(CL) were examined after treatments with exogenous ABA. Leaf thickness, leaf palisade spongy ratio and palisade tissue thickness increased significantly after exogenous ABA treatment compared with CK, while the effect on leaf epidermis was not obvious. The leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness increased evidently after 70 mg · LABA treatment by 24.89% and 41.10%, respectively. The tissue structures of leaves were more compact, while CL was lower after 70 and 90 mg · LABA treatments. The effects of different concentrations of exogenous ABA could increase the leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness of Korla fragrant pear and CT, reduced the thickness of spongy tissue and CL. Among those concentrations of exogenous ABA, the effect of spraying 70 mg · Lexogenous ABA was suitable for improving cold resistance of Korla fragrant pear.

Industrialization Development of Korla Fragrant Pear in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,China

Based on the introduction of the natural and geographical conditions in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang(Bazhou),development status of Korla Fragrant Pear is introduced from the two aspects of the production status and the storage and processing status of Korla Fragrant Pear.Among them,production status of Korla Fragrant Pear is analyzed from the aspects of the rapid growth of planting area and the stable growth of output.And the storage and processing status of Korla Fragrant Pear is introduced from the aspects of the development status of the storage industry the development status of processing industry,and the status of domestic and foreign marketing.Problems in the industrialization development of Korla Fragrant Pear in Bazhou are analyzed,such as the weak protection of brand and lack of external propaganda,the imperfect benefit affiliating mechanism between leading enterprises and peasant households,and the marketing network of Korla Fragrant Pear and single mode of marketing.Countermeasures for the acceleration of the industrialization development of Korla Fragrant Pear in Bazhou are put forward,such as making great effort at publicity,brand establishment and counterfeit prevention,cultivating leading enterprises,reducing market risk,implementing industrialization development,adopting various marketing forms and actively developing domestic and international markets.

Changes in Soil Organic Matter,Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents during Decomposition of Pear Branches

[Objectives]To investigate the changes in soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus content in the decomposition process of Korla fragrant pear branches by indoor mixed culture.[Methods]The branches of Korla fragrant pear in the orchard were collected and returned to the field for a period of 150 d for indoor mixed culture.[Results]Different ages of Korla fragrant pear branches have different effects on soil nutrient content during the simulated return to field decomposition process.Compared with the control in the same period,the treatment of returning to field reached a significant level(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the average values of organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus content in treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased by 2.16 times and 1.93 times,61%and 59%,5.88 times and 6.88 times,respectively;compared with the control,the average increase performance of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the two treatments was basically the same,and the treatment 2 was the best;compared with the control,the average total phosphorus content of treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased but not significantly.[Conclusions]The contents of soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus were all increased during the decomposition of pear branches,and the overall improvement effect of 10-year-old trees was better than that of 5-year-old trees.Returning the pruned branches to the field can provide a reliable theoretical basis for solving the problem of organic fertilizer shortage in orchards,and also can ensure technical support for improving soil fertility and improving the rhizosphere micro-environment of pear trees.

梨火疫病抗性评价体系的建立及其种质资源抗性鉴定

【目的】利用梨幼果建立梨火疫病(Erwinia amylovora)抗性资源评价体系,筛选出对梨火疫病具有抗性的材料,为抗病育种提供技术支撑。【方法】以36个梨品种和41个库尔勒香梨杂交后代为材料,利用人工接种的方式对幼果期、膨大期和成熟期的果实进行接种试验,并根据接种后致病力的强弱,制定梨品种(种质)的抗性分级指标,综合评价77份种质资源的抗病水平。【结果】与梨果实膨大期和成熟期相比,接种幼果期果实更能准确评估梨品种(种质)的抗性水平;在接种24 h后,梨幼果开始显症;77个品种(种质)对梨火疫病的抗性水平差异显著,高感品种(种质)13个,感病品种(种质)11个,中感品种(种质)27个,抗病品种(种质)26个;供试品种(种质)对梨火疫病的抗性不高,其中只有33.77%的品种(种质)表现抗病性,66.23%的品种(种质)不同程度感病。【结论】本研究建立以梨果实的幼果期为接种时期,在接种24 h时开始观察发病情况的梨火疫病抗性资源评价体系;从供试品种(种质)筛选出的26份材料达到抗性水平,为培育新的抗性品种提供参考。

4种药剂对梨火疫病防病效果及产量品质的影响

【目的】筛选出对库尔勒香梨(简称香梨)梨火疫病高效的防病药剂,分析不同药剂对库尔勒香梨产量及品质的影响。【方法】选用1000×10^(8)CFU/g贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DP、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂、3%噻霉酮微乳剂和6%春雷霉素水剂设置12个处理。【结果】高、中、低剂量Bacillus velezensis TK2019(以下简称Bacillus velezensis)可湿性菌粉、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐、3%噻霉酮微乳剂和6%春雷霉素水剂,分别对大田香梨梨火疫病的防效为71.64%、65.22%和51.30%,66.69%、56.18%和40.30%,66.50%、58.19%和41.89%,72.28%、60.49%和54.22%,其中Bacillus velezensis可湿性菌粉稀释浓度107 CFU/mL、6%春雷霉素水剂500倍液可显著降低梨火疫病的发生。【结论】Bacillus velezensis菌剂和6%春雷霉素水剂对梨火疫病防效显著高于对照和1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂、3%噻霉酮微乳剂,较好地抑制梨火疫病的发生,控制发病枝条的数量,提高了香梨单果质量、改善果实品质、提升香梨果实防御酶活性,且高浓度生防菌改善作用更佳,施用后对香梨树生长发育安全。

库尔勒香梨大疆T50无人机授粉参数优选与田间验证

为了提高库尔勒香梨无人机授粉作业的精确性,选用大疆T50无人机,采用三因素(作业速度、作业高度、667 m^(2)喷施量)三水平的正交试验,比较雾滴覆盖率、雾滴密度及雾滴沉积量的分布效果,筛选作业参数并进行了田间授粉效果的验证。结果表明:在环境风速不超过1.5 m/s的条件下,大疆T50无人机对纺锤形库尔勒香梨授粉的最佳作业参数为作业速度4 m/s、作业高度距离树顶4.5 m、667 m^(2)喷施量4L;田间授粉的花序坐果率为75.56%,花朵坐果率为32.87%。影响库尔勒香梨树冠上层雾滴效果的主要因素依次为667 m^(2)喷施量、作业高度、作业速度,影响树冠中层和下层雾滴效果的主要因素依次为667 m^(2)喷施量、作业速度、作业高度。

库尔勒香梨园土壤肥力空间变异特征与综合评价分析

为研究库尔勒香梨园土壤pH、盐分、速效养分以及微量元素空间分布特征,掌握香梨园综合肥力水平,以库尔勒市香梨种植区为研究区,选取具有代表性的50个库尔勒香梨园进行样点布设与土样采集。运用经典统计学和地统计学方法研究香梨园表层(0~40 cm)土壤养分指标和微量元素指标的空间变异性,探究香梨园土壤肥力状况。经典统计分析表明:pH的变异系数为0.02属于弱变异,电导率的变异系数为1.03表现为强变异,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效铁的变异系数分别为0.37、0.53、0.99、0.59、0.45、0.25、0.24和0.48,为中等变异程度,研究区土壤综合肥力指数IFI值在0.37~0.80之间,平均值为0.58;地统计分析表明:土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾的块金系数大于75%,空间自相关性较弱;pH、电导率、速效磷、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效铁的块金系数在25%~75%之间,这些指标具有中等强度的空间自相关性;库尔勒香梨园Ⅰ(优)、Ⅱ(良好)、Ⅲ(中等)、Ⅳ(较差)和Ⅴ(差)类土壤占比分别为2.72%、10.54%、61.80%、24.87%、和2.77%,土壤综合肥力在空间上呈现斑块状,肥力较好的Ⅰ级在北部零星分布、Ⅱ级斑块状分布在北部及西部,Ⅲ级主要分布在北部以及南部,肥力较差的Ⅳ、Ⅴ级主要集中在中部。总体上,库尔勒市香梨园土壤肥力为中等水平,土壤属性空间异质性比较强,其中有效锰、有效铁是制约土壤肥力的主要限制因子,果园有必要进行差异化管理,并应重视补充锰、铁微量元素肥,此外中部地区还要着重补充氮肥、磷肥和有机肥。

库尔勒香梨树生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用

【目的】研究库尔勒香梨生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用,为控制梨火疫病扩散蔓延和过度修剪提供一定的技术支持。【方法】2022年5月11日开始,每隔10 d采集梨树发病枝条,取病健交界(距离病健交界5、10、15、20 cm处)韧皮部和木质部的部位,于室内检测病原菌。在5~10月,每月在病健交界处修剪,分析修剪对梨园内梨火疫病的控制作用。4月15日开始,每隔10 d在梨园内在发病枝条病健交界处(距离病健交界5、15、30 cm)进行修剪,分析田间不同修剪长度下对梨火疫病的控制效果。【结果】距离病健交界15 cm处未检测到病原菌。5~10月在病健交界处修剪,可将梨园内发病棵数从11棵降低为5棵,侵染点数由17个降为9个,距离病健交界15 cm处修剪,减少病枝带菌量,剪口处梨火疫病不易复发。【结论】从病健交界处修剪对梨火疫病具有一定控害作用,但存在修剪口梨火疫病反复发生的现象。为防止梨火疫病在剪口处复发,应距离病健交界处至少15 cm剪除病枝。

库尔勒香梨芽变材料物候期及坐果特性观测

【目的】观测研究库尔勒香梨芽变材料的物候期及坐果特性,为提升库尔勒香梨品质提供参考依据。【方法】以库尔勒香梨和库尔勒香梨芽变材料为研究对象,设置芽变材料无人工授粉组、普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组和普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组,且3个处理组均不喷施促进萼片脱落的药剂,研究3个处理组的物候期、坐果率及脱萼率。【结果】库尔勒香梨芽变材料与普通库尔勒香梨的物候期高度重合,相差不超过2 d;芽变材料无人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率>普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率>普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率,3个处理组之间均存在极显著差异。【结论】芽变材料与普通库尔勒香梨的物候期基本一致,现有库尔勒香梨种植区的管理方式无需改变即可直接利用该材料进行嫁接;芽变材料的坐果率与脱萼率都显著高于普通库尔勒香梨,在栽培过程中可以有效减少使用化学药剂,降低成本且提高果实品质。

自然生草对梨园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响

探究自然生草对库尔勒香梨园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响,对比分析自然生草区与清耕区土壤理化指标、枝条和叶片矿质元素含量以及果实品质指标等的变化差异,为改善库尔勒香梨果实品质提供科学依据。结果表明:自然生草栽培可改善库尔勒香梨园土壤理化性质,提高土壤含水量和有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全钾、全磷含量,降低土壤pH值和土壤电导率;可提高枝条和叶片的全氮、全磷、全钾含量;可改善库尔勒香梨果实品质,单果重、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、糖酸比均显著提高。综合比较发现,自然生草可改变土壤理化性质,提高枝条、叶片养分含量,提升库尔勒香梨综合品质,更有利于树体的生长。

基于多光谱图像角度融合测定库尔勒香梨理化指标

基于多光谱图像角度融合,提出了一种库尔勒香梨快速无损检测的方法。以库尔勒香梨为研究对象,应用多光谱成像采集系统,以10°为间隔,获取了相对方位角为10°~90°内的多光谱图像。使用ENVI5.1软件进行多光谱图像角度融合并提取感兴趣区域(ROI),获得多光谱数据。对光谱反射率、波段和相对方位角进行了皮尔逊相关性分析,发现波段和相对方位角都对光谱反射率呈极显著相关性,且相对方位角相关系数为0.1大于波段相关系数0.053,有必要在建模过程中加入相对方位角因素。采用标准正态变量变换(SNV)、均值中心化变换(MC)、卷积平滑处理(S_G)和归一化处理(Nor)等预处理方法,选用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)建立全波段检测模型,通过校正集相关系数(R_(c))、预测集相关系数(R_(p))、校正集均方根误差(RMSEC)和预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)对模型的效果进行评价,对比探究特征角度下和角度融合下库尔勒香梨关键指标的模型检测效果。结果表明:采用角度融合处理后,所建立的PLSR和SVM模型预测效果都有显著提升。预测库尔勒香梨含水率最优模型为采用角度融合的偏最小二乘回归模型(AF-PLSR),其R_(c)为0.936, RMSEC为0.298,R_(p)为0.901, RMSEP为0.285;预测库尔勒香梨硬度和糖度的最优模型为以角度融合的支持向量机模型(AF-SVM),R_(c)分别为0.894、 0.905, RMSEC为0.527、 0.376;R_(p)为0.830、 0.901, RMSEP为0.532、 0.379。角度融合将不同角度下的光谱数据结合在一起,获得了比单一角度更加丰富的信息,得到了更加完善的光谱。所建立的检测模型精度更高。结果证明:基于多光谱图像角度融合技术预测库尔勒香梨的含水率、硬度和糖度是可行的。为提高多光谱无损检测精度和高光谱无损检测精度提供了一种新的思路。

不同保鲜剂处理对鲜切库尔勒香梨品质的影响

为探索不同保鲜剂处理对鲜切库尔勒香梨的保鲜效果,以新疆库尔勒香梨为试材,选用不同保鲜剂(褪黑素、氯化钠、氯化钙、水杨酸)处理,通过测定其理化指标及菌落总数,分析货架期鲜切梨的保鲜效果。结果表明:4种保鲜剂对鲜切梨均具有较好保鲜效果。与对照组相比,4种保鲜剂均能够有效抑制多酚氧化酶活性,减缓鲜切梨褐变,维持鲜切梨可溶性固形物、总酸、总糖、维生素C含量。在所有处理组中,褪黑素处理组和水杨酸处理组可较好地维持鲜切梨的质量和色泽,显著抑制微生物生长,减缓品质下降,能够有效延长鲜切库尔勒香梨的货架期。

氮输入对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落的影响

【目的】为梨园的合理施肥及可持续健康发展提供参考。【方法】以库尔勒香梨园0~20 cm土层土壤样品为材料,通过分析细菌群落物种组成的相对丰度、α多样性指数,研究了0、150、300、450 kg/hm^(2)共4个施氮水平对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落的影响。【结果】电导率、碳氮比、全氮含量及硝态氮含量对门水平细菌群落的影响达显著水平,硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量、碱解氮含量、全碳含量、碳氮比及电导率对属水平细菌群落的影响达显著水平。施用氮肥后,放线菌门Actinobacteria、类诺卡氏属Nocardioides的相对丰度有所下降,且与土壤氮养分含量以及pH值显著或极显著负相关;施用氮肥后,厚壁菌门Firmicutes、异常球菌-栖热菌门Deinococcus-Thermus、己科河菌门Rokubacteria、A4b、动孢菌属Kineosporia的相对丰度有所增加,芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、盐单胞菌属Halomonas在膨果期的相对丰度在施用氮肥后有所增加,其中己科河菌门的相对丰度与土壤碳氮养分含量以及pH值有显著或极显著相关性,A4b的相对丰度与有机碳含量显著或极显著正相关,动孢菌属的相对丰度与土壤氮养分含量以及pH值显著或极显著正相关,芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度与全氮含量、铵态氮含量显著正相关;绿弯菌门Chloroflexi以及在膨果期的酸杆菌门Acidobacteria、考克氏菌属Kocuria、游球菌属Planococcus的相对丰度随施氮量的增加呈先增加、后降低的趋势,绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门的相对丰度与有机碳含量显著或极显著正相关。在膨果期,随施氮量的增加,细菌群落的Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon指数均表现为先增加、后降低的趋势,300 kg/hm^(2)处理下最高;各处理Chao1指数和Observed species指数均表现为在成熟期最高。相关性分析结果表明细菌群落多样性主要受氮组分含量、有机碳含量以及pH值的影响。【结论】添加氮肥可以影响土壤细菌群落的组成及其多样性,因此适当控制氮素的供给以及调节土壤碳氮比、pH值等,可改善土壤微生物群落结构,维持土壤品质的稳定和微生物区系的健康。