贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园生态系统碳储量及分配特征

为阐明贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园生态系统碳储量特征,以银川市永宁县玉泉营葡萄园为研究对象,通过测算葡萄不同物候期的地上植被碳储量、土壤碳储量和土壤呼吸速率等指标,分析葡萄园生态系统碳储量的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)葡萄植株碳储量随植株生长而逐渐增加,在浆果采收期各器官碳储量表现为根(2.40 t·hm^(-2))>多年生枝(2.14 t·hm^(-2))>果(1.26 t·hm^(-2))>叶(0.65 t·hm^(-2))>一年生枝(0.60 t·hm^(-2));1 m深度土壤碳储量随土层加深而逐渐下降,土壤有机碳储量主要集中在0~20 cm土层。葡萄植株地上部碳储量随生育进程的推进而显著增加,土壤碳储量无显著变化,葡萄园植被碳储量主要集中于多年生部分,多年生根和多年生枝的碳储量占比分别为39.28%和32.76%。(2)土壤呼吸速率(0~10 cm土层)均值为1.78μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),浆果生长期的土壤呼吸速率最大;土壤温度和湿度是影响土壤呼吸速率的主要因素,对土壤呼吸速率变化的解释率分别为90.9%和41.2%;土壤呼吸速率与土壤0~10 cm土层的温度和湿度均呈显著的正相关关系。(3)葡萄园生态系统酿酒葡萄品种‘霞多丽’在7 500株·hm^(-2)的种植密度下,当年总碳储量为49.84 t·hm^(-2),各组分碳储量表现为土壤(42.29 t·hm^(-2),占比84.85%)>植株(7.05 t·hm^(-2),占比14.15%)>杂草(0.27 t·hm^(-2),占比0.54%)>修剪凋落物(0.23 t·hm^(-2),占比0.46%)。贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园生态系统在葡萄生长季能将固定的碳主要储存于土壤层和植株多年生木质部分,有较强的碳汇能力。

露地和暖棚栽培下葡萄园土壤养分和细菌特征的差异分析

通过高通量16S测序,分析露地和暖棚栽培的葡萄园土壤养分和细菌群落特征的差异。结果表明:与露地栽培相比,暖棚栽培的葡萄园土壤pH显著降低,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁、有效铁、有效铜、有效锌和有效硼含量显著增加,而土壤有效锰和交换性钙含量差异不显著。露地栽培的土壤细菌ASV(feature)数量和Alpha指数(Chao1、Shannon、Pielou_e)显著高于暖棚栽培,Beta分析发现暖棚栽培土壤细菌群落结构差异性较大。在细菌群落组成上,暖棚栽培的变形菌门、拟杆菌门相对丰度较高,而露地栽培的酸杆菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门、绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门、Rokubacteria、疣微菌门和硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度高于暖棚栽培;前15位优势菌属中,暖棚栽培的鞘氨醇单胞菌属、溶杆菌属、Gitt-GS-136和α-变形杆菌属的丰度显著高于露地栽培,而其它11个优势菌属显著低于露地栽培。Stamp差异分析发现,两种栽培的土壤细菌功能差异显著,暖棚栽培的土壤细菌在脂肪酸生物合成、硝化作用和生物降解功能上有明显优势;聚类分析中,露地栽培的10个优势代谢途径聚为一类,暖棚栽培的20个优势代谢途径聚为一类。

The Effect of Vineyard Cover Crop on Main Monomeric Phenols of Grape Berry and Wine in Vitis viniferal L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon

This study was conducted to determine the effect of cover crop inter-row in vineyard on main mono-phenol content of grape berry and wine. Three such cover crops, two perennial legumes （white clover and alfalfa） and a perennial gramineous grass （tall fescue） were sown in vineyard. The main phenolic compounds of mature grape berry and wines vinified under the same conditions were extracted with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether and analyzed by high- performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） by comparing to soil tillage. A total of ten phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the different grape berry and wines, including nonflavonoids （hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids） and flavonoids （flavanols and flavonols）. The concentration of flavonoid compounds （409.43 to 538.63 mg kg^-1 and 56.16 to 81.30 mg L^-1） was higher than nonflavonoids （76.91 to 98.85 mg kg^-1 and 30.65 to 41.22 mg L^-1） for Cabernet Sauvignon grape and wine under different treatments, respectively. In the flavonoid phenolics, Catechin was the most abundant in the different grapes and wines, accounting for 74.94 to 79.70% and 48.60 to 50.62% of total nonanthocyanin phenolics quantified, respectively. Compared to soil tillage, the sward treatments showed a higher content of main mono-phenol and total nonanthocyanin phenolics in grapes and wines. There were significant differences between two cover crop treatments （tall fescue and white clover） and soil tillage for the content of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and total phenolics in the grape berry （P 〈 0.05 or P〈0.01）. The wine from tall fescue cover crop had the highest gallic acid, caffeic acid and catechin. Cover crop system increased the total nonanthocyanin phenolics of grapes and wines in order of the four treatments： tall fescue, white clover, alfalfa, and soil tillage （control）. Cover crop in vineyard increased total phenols of grape berry and wine, and thus improved the quality of wine evidently.

Comparison of Soil Nutritional Status between Different Muscat Hamburg Vineyards in Coastal Areas of Tianjin

To study the effects of different soil conditions on winter nutrient storage of Muscat Hamburg branches,this study compared the soil texture,bulk density,total salt content and soil K,Ca,Na,Mg and total Fe contents of Muscat Hamburg vineyards in Ninghe District and Hangu District,Binhai New Area of Tianjin and analyzed the soluble sugar and soluble protein contents in one-year-old vine branches. The results showed that the soil p H was lower,and the soil K,Ca and total salt( 0. 445%) contents were higher in the vineyard of Ninghe District than those in the vineyard of Hangu District. There were no significant differences in the soil Mg,Fe and Na contents between the vineyards in the two regions. The soil of the vineyard in Ninghe District is medium loam,and that in Hangu District is heavy loam. In short,all the soil indicators of the vineyard in Ninghe District were better than those in Hangu District except the indicator of soil salt content. The soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of one-year-old vine branches differed significantly between the two regions.

Vineyards,but not cities,are associated with lower presence of a generalist bird,the Common Blackbird(Turdus merula),in Western France

Background:Land-use change is one of the main drivers of the global erosion of biodiversity.In that context,it is crucial to understand how landscape characteristics drive the presence of rare endangered species.Nevertheless,it is also important to study common species in multiple habitats,because they represent a large proportion of biodiversity and are essential to maintain ecological functions.Interestingly,some habitats,as farmlands with permanent crops(e.g.vineyards),have been overlooked in the literature.Methods:In this study,we investigated the distribution of a widespread and common bird species,the Common Blackbird(Turdus merula),within and between the three main habitats of our study area(rural Western France).We specifically focused on(1)woodlands,(2)farmlands with a high vineyard coverage,and(3)moderately urbanized areas.Specifically,we aimed to assess the beneficial and detrimental effects of these habitats and their fine-scale composition on the presence of a common bird species,relying on a survey by point counts(nearly 100 locations).We studied the effects of habitats and gradients of fine-scale habitat composition on blackbird presence using logistic regression analyses.Results:Blackbirds were present in all studied habitats.However,their presence varied between habitats,being lower in vineyards than in woodlands and cities.In woodlands and cities,fine-scale analyses did not reveal any component driving the species'presence.However,we found that shrub and tree vegetation cover had a significant positive effect on blackbird presence in vineyards.Conclusions:Our results are in agreement with the definition of a generalist species.Interestingly,species distribution varied between habitats.The high presence of blackbirds in urban areas suggests that medium-sized cities,despite their artificialization,do not constrain the settlement of this former forest specialist and that green spaces may allow blackbirds to thrive in medium-sized cities.On the contrary,we found an impoverished presence of blackbirds in vineyards and a positive effect of vegetation on their presence in these landscapes.This suggests that permanent crops,and more generally farmlands,may impose important constraints to common species.Future studies should examine how to enhance biodiversity through agricultural management policies,especially in vineyards.

A New Remote and Automated Control System for the Vineyard Hail Protection Based on ZigBee Sensors, Raspberry-Pi Electronic Card and WiMAX

A new inexpensive vineyard protection against hailstorm has been realized and tested. The system has been designed and organized in such a way to perform autonomously local activities to physically control the protection of the vineyard but also to transmit information toward a remote control. Each row has an ＂umbrella＂ designed by the authors which, unlike other commercial solutions, protects the product without hindering all the mechanical activities typical of a modem vineyard. Locally the single umbrella uses an electronic card for the management and a ZigBee mesh telecommunication network to transmit data to a central control unit which manages the protection. Because of its efficiency, a Raspberry-Pi control card has been chosen as central unit. Finally, a WiMAX connection was chosen to remotely control the system, thus allowing the authors to overcome distance limitations of commercial Wi-Fi networks. The system has been realized and tested for some months in field also during a hailstorm. The results of these tests proved how the system is easy to use and effectively protects against hail; moreover the authors proved the high reliability of the mechanical components which allow the authors to lower the maintenance costs.

Effect of Nozzle Orientation on Droplet Size and Droplet Velocity from Vineyard Sprays

Spray drift has become an important issue in pesticide application. Vineyard spraying is particularly interesting to consider, as pesticide droplets are not directed towards the ground but rather towards the targeted crop. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nozzle orientation on droplet size and droplet velocity using three different nozzles （IDK, TVI and TXA） used in vineyards. Two series of measurement were performed in order to assess the effect of the gravity on sprays. Droplet size and one-dimensional droplet velocity characteristics were measured using a phase Doppler particle analyser （PDPA）. Two planes, i.e., one horizontal and one vertical, were considered. Results suggest that the nozzle orientation slightly affects the size distribution, which is shifted towards larger droplets when nozzles spray horizontally compared to vertically spray, However, droplet axial velocity distribution is shifted towards lower values. Supposing that the only droplets which can reach the crop are those with an axial velocity greater than 1 m/s and a diameter larger than 100 lain, results showed significant differences according to the nozzle and orientation. More than 98.6% of the spray volume would reach the target whatever the orientation of the IDK nozzle, 78.8% of the spray volume would reach the crop when the TVI nozzle sprays horizontally, while only 16.0% of the spray volume would reach the crop when TXA nozzle sprays horizontally. This paper offers new perspectives in the comprehension and the optimization of the deposition process into the vegetation based from droplet size and velocity profiles from horizontally oriented sprays from flat fan or hollow cone nozzles.

Assessment of agri-spillways as a soil erosion protection measure in Mediterranean sloping vineyards

Suitable vineyard soils enhance soil stability and biodiversity which in turn protects roots against erosion and nutrient losses. There is a lack of information related to inexpensive and suitable methods and tools to protect the soil in Mediterranean sloping vineyards(>25° of slope inclination). In the vineyards of the Montes de Málaga(southern Spain), a sustainable land management practice that controls soil erosion is actually achieved by tilling rills in the down-slope direction to canalize water and sediments. Because of their design and use, we call them agri-spillways. In this research, we assessed two agri-spillways(between 10 m and 15 m length, and slopes between 25.8° and 35°) by performing runoff experiments under extreme conditions(a motor driven pump that discharged water flows up to 1.33 l s^(-1) for 12 to 15 minutes: ≈1000 l). The final results showed: i) a great capacity by these rills to canalize large amounts of water and sediments; and, ii) higher water flow speeds(between 0.16 m s-1 and 0.28 m s^(-1)) and sediment concentrationrates(up to 1538.6 g l^(-1)) than typically found in other Mediterranean areas and land uses(such as badlands, rangelands or extensive crops of olives and almonds). The speed of water flow and the sediment concentration were much higher in the shorter and steeper rill. We concluded that agri-spillways, given correct planning and maintenance, can be a potential solution as an inexpensive method to protect the soil in sloping Mediterranean vineyards.

粘虫板与食诱剂联用对葡萄园西花蓟马的诱捕效果

西花蓟马作为严重的外来害虫,对我国农业生产和生态安全构成一定的威胁,寄主广泛,目前已成为葡萄的重要害虫。为了实现葡萄园内蓟马的动态监测和有效防控,减少农药使用量,保障农产品质量安全,促进农业可持续绿色发展,探讨西花蓟马的物理诱控技术尤为重要。以避雨栽培葡萄园中的西花蓟马为防治对象,于2022—2023年探讨3种颜色粘虫板(白色、黄色、蓝色)单用、食诱剂(配合诱捕器)、粘虫板与食诱剂联合使用对西花蓟马的诱捕效果,同时分析西花蓟马种群增减动态。结果表明,单独使用粘虫板或食诱剂(配合诱捕器)以及两种方式联合使用,葡萄园西花蓟马的种群增减动态趋势一致,西花蓟马发生高峰期基本一致,为5月下旬至6月中旬。蓝板和食诱剂联合使用对葡萄园西花蓟马的诱捕效果最好,与其他处理间差异显著,2022、2023年总诱捕量(150 d)分别为4048头、3874头,日均诱捕量分别为26.99头、25.83头;黄板+食诱剂、食诱剂(配合诱捕器)、单独使用蓝板诱集到的西花蓟马数量其次,四者之间差异不显著,与其他处理间差异显著;单独使用白板和单独使用黄板,诱集到的西花蓟马数量最少,两者之间差异不显著,与其他处理间差异显著。为了实现葡萄园内西花蓟马的种群动态监测和高效绿色防控,同时兼顾环境保护,在西花蓟马出现前,可采用蓝板和食诱剂联合使用。

基于最小数据集的集约化葡萄园土壤健康评价

健康土壤是生产高产优质葡萄的基础,目前葡萄园不合理管理导致果园土壤生产力下降和生态失衡。为摸清集约化葡萄园土壤健康状况,该研究以河北省曲周县典型葡萄园为研究对象,通过测定20项土壤物理、化学和生物学指标,利用主成分分析法构建最小数据集,开展土壤健康评价并揭示葡萄园存在的主要障碍因子。结果表明,集约化葡萄园土壤健康评价最小数据集由有机碳、亚表层土壤硬度、交换性钠、容重、含水率和水稳性团聚体6个指标构成。利用线性和非线性评分函数,基于全数据集和最小数据集计算的土壤健康指数间呈显著正相关(P<0.01),这说明最小数据集可以代替全数据集用于葡萄园土壤健康评价。基于最小数据集,利用线性和非线性评分函数获得的葡萄园土壤健康指数范围分别为0.39~0.59和0.36~0.66,平均值分别为0.52和0.51,处于中等水平。不同树龄葡萄土壤健康指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。集约化葡萄园土壤障碍因子主要有土壤压实、养分不平衡和有机碳含量低等问题。通过适当减少田间管理频率,结合增施(生物)有机肥、种植覆盖作物和养分综合管理能有效消减土壤障碍因子,提升葡萄园土壤健康水平,促进当地葡萄产业可持续发展。

施用生物炭对葡萄园土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构的影响

生物炭作为土壤调理剂在农业生产和环境修复中备受关注。本研究对宁夏贺兰山东麓的葡萄园施用不同量的生物炭对其土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构的影响进行了试验。设置0、5、10和15 t/hm^(2)四种不同生物炭施用量的田间处理,施用6个月后测定表层0~20 cm土壤的理化性质,并通过高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物的群落组成。结果显示,施用生物炭后土壤中有机碳、全氮、全磷含量和pH均有不同程度地提高。施加生物炭可以增加土壤细菌的丰富度和多样性。不同生物炭施用量下的优势菌门为放线菌门(Actinobacteria,36.66%~37.64%)、变形菌门(Protebacteria,18.74%~22.42%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,9.72%~15.03%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria,5.14%~8.94%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,3.7%~6.7%)。优势菌纲为放线菌纲(Actinobacteria,23.09%~28.88%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,13.41%~14.4%)。土壤pH(P=0.229)和有机碳(P=0.237)是对细菌群落影响最大的环境因子。

有机肥和微生物菌剂配施对‘赤霞珠’葡萄根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

为了研究有机肥与微生物菌剂配施对‘赤霞珠’葡萄根际土壤性质及细菌群落的影响,并提出高效可行的有机肥配施模式。以7 a生‘赤霞珠’葡萄为研究对象进行田间试验,设置7个施肥处理:CK(传统施肥)、A1(蚯蚓粪+未腐熟枝条+100倍光合细菌菌剂)、A2(蚯蚓粪+未腐熟枝条+200倍光合细菌菌剂)、A3(蚯蚓粪+未腐熟枝条+300倍光合细菌菌剂)、B1(蚯蚓粪+腐熟枝条+100倍光合细菌菌剂)、B2(蚯蚓粪+腐熟枝条+200倍光合细菌菌剂)、B3(蚯蚓粪+腐熟枝条+300倍光合细菌菌剂)。结果表明:与CK处理比较,B2处理显著降低土壤pH,提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、全氮含量。A2处理显著提高Chao187.60%,且其OTU数量最多,说明A2处理可显著提高根际细菌群落丰富度。与CK比较,B2处理改变根际土壤细菌群落结构,显著增加变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度,降低厚壁菌门的相对丰度。与施用未腐熟枝条A2比较,施用腐熟枝条B2处理显著增加拟杆菌门的相对丰度。相关分析结果表明,土壤中速效钾、碱解氮、全氮、有机质的含量与细菌群落优势菌群存在显著正相关关系。因此,B2处理为最佳施肥配比方案,其次为A2处理。

贺兰山东麓典型葡萄园土壤有机碳库组成及其活跃度

[目的]研究贺兰山东麓典型葡萄园土壤有机碳库的组成及其活跃度,量化该区域葡萄园生态系统潜在的固碳能力,为挖掘葡萄园碳汇能力和核算碳汇价值提供科学依据。[方法]以贺兰山东麓典型的新慧彬葡萄园为例,开展园区尺度的土壤有机碳取样调查与分析,研究土壤有机碳含量、密度和组分等特征。[结果](1)葡萄园0—100 cm剖面土壤有机碳平均含量为4.65 g/kg,土壤有机碳密度为64.5 t/hm^(2),虽然土壤有机质含量低,养分匮乏,但依然是葡萄园生态系统碳库的主要部分。(2)在垂直剖面上,土壤有机碳含量随着土层加深而递减,且0—40 cm表层和40—100 cm深层的土壤有机碳含量存在显著差异,表层土壤的有机碳富集系数大于1,对有机碳具有更强的固持能力。(3)土壤有机碳含量在园区范围内存在空间异质性,其中表层土壤有机碳的空间异质性受制于不同田块间葡萄品种及施肥等垦殖活动差异,而深层土壤有机碳的空间异质性主要受制于原始土壤的形成背景。(4)土壤有机碳活性、中性和惰性组分的比例约为1∶2∶5。惰性组分比例较高,碳库活度较低,稳定性较强。虽然惰性有机碳含量决定了总有机碳的高低,但中性有机碳含量的变化亦会影响总有机碳和全碳含量。[结论]贺兰山东麓葡萄园土壤碳库活度和有机碳含量水平较低。葡萄种植最终会增加土壤碳储量,增强生态系统的碳汇能力。

基于颗粒放尺效应的逆旋开沟机刀辊功耗分析与试验

为探究粗粒化建模对逆旋开沟机刀辊功耗的影响,提高离散元法的计算效率,该研究以1K-50型开沟机开沟部件为对象,利用EDEM软件构建适于南方葡萄园土质环境的刀辊-土壤离散元模型,将仿真模型中的土壤颗粒分别放大2~5倍进行开沟仿真试验,对刀辊功耗、工作阻力及土壤运动状态进行分析。结果表明:在土壤颗粒直径为5 mm、刀辊转速132 r/min、前进速度0.06 m/s、开沟深度0.3 m工况下,刀辊稳定作业阶段的功耗、水平阻力及垂直阻力平均值分别为3.73 kW、923.85 N和148.30 N,仿真功耗相对实际功耗的误差为9.9%。开沟仿真过程中刀辊的功耗、工作阻力平均值及土壤运动状态随放尺比例的变化而变化,其中刀辊功耗与水平阻力平均值随放尺比例增大而减小,垂直阻力平均值随放尺比例先减小后增大再减小,且增大放尺比例使得土垡从刀片正切面的抛出时刻提前,抛出速度减小,土垡逐渐松散,壅土高度增加,但不改变正切面上各深度土层的土壤分布顺序。放尺比例为2~5时,仿真计算时间相较原尺状态减少99%,但仿真功耗相对实际功耗的误差超过32%,当放尺比例为1.2时,能够将功耗相对误差控制在11.1%,仿真时间为22.9 h,仿真数据量313.72 GB。研究结果可为农机领域离散元放尺计算及构建刀辊-土壤粗粒化模型提供一定参考。

西安市葡萄园林下栽培羊肚菌技术要点

2012年,羊肚菌作为一种世界珍稀食用菌具有很高的经济价值,在我国已实现规模化人工栽培。近年来西安市的羊肚菌栽培发展非常迅速,并在果园林下栽培羊肚菌方面积累了大量的经验。通过介绍西安市羊肚菌葡萄园林下栽培技术,对羊肚菌果园林下栽培中常见的问题进行分析,并提出解决方案。以期为羊肚菌的栽培提供技术参考,推动产业技术进步,助力乡村振兴。

宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄园生物多样性研究

宁夏贺兰山东麓属大陆性干旱半干旱气候,干燥少雨,具备生产优质酿酒葡萄的气候条件,同时具有天然的生态敏感性。葡萄园作为一个传统的典型农业生态系统,该区域内的生物多样性水平受当地生态气候、生产技术和管理模式等因素影响。本文以夏桐葡萄园作为调查样地,对植物和昆虫的生物多样性现状进行调查分析和科学评估,提出了葡萄园种植过程中提高生物多样性水平的相关建议与管理措施,以期为贺兰山东麓产区生态环境保护和生物多样性提升提供指导意见,助力葡萄酒产业可持续高质量发展。

不同种植年限对贺兰山东麓葡萄园土壤养分特性的影响

贺兰山东麓地区具有独特的地理环境和良好生态条件,是中国优质的葡萄酒产区,土壤营养条件与葡萄酒的品质紧密相关。本研究旨在探究贺兰山东麓不同种植年限葡萄园土壤化学性质及养分状况,以期对该地区特色产业结构调整提供依据。通过方差分析和Pearson相关性分析,对树龄小于5 a、5~10 a、超过10 a的3种不同种植年限葡萄园样地土壤进行了评估。结果显示,当种植年限在5~10 a之间时,土壤pH呈现下降趋势;而当种植年限超过10 a时,pH开始上升。在树龄为5~10 a的土壤中,有效磷和速效钾含量表现出明显的波动,但当树龄超过10 a时,这些含量开始恢复。不同深度层土壤中的有机质、碱解氮、全磷和全钾含量受树龄的影响较小,存在一定范围的波动。养分因子之间的相关性分析发现,当种植年限超过10 a后,养分因子之间的相关性显著降低。这些结果表明,随着种植年限的增加,土壤养分因子以及养分因子之间的关系会发生变化,这为优化贺兰山东麓地区葡萄园土壤管理和改良提供了依据。

广西兴安县葡萄园土壤养分情况分析

【目的】葡萄园土壤中的养分情况与葡萄生长和果实品质息息相关。弄清兴安县葡萄园土壤的养分情况,可以更好的制定科学的施肥方案,为当地葡萄精准施肥栽培提供参考依据。【方法】葡萄园施肥前,选取兴安县22个代表性的葡萄园,挖取20cm左右深的土壤样品,检测分析所有样品的pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌、有效硼、有效铁、有效锰等养分的含量。【结果】兴安县葡萄园的土壤pH值3.91~6.75;有机质含量16.8~34.9g/kg;碱解氮含量14.90~390.61mg/kg;有效磷31.42~533.85mg/kg;速效钾67.60~398.33mg/kg;交换性钙242~1250.66mg/kg;交换性镁26.28~225.13mg/kg;锌、硼、铁、锰的含量分别为0.80~26.06、0.20~7.92、70.13~460.56、3.13~92.31mg/kg。【结论】兴安县(下同)土壤普遍偏酸,有机质含量不高,大多数土壤碱解氮、交换性镁、有效锰含量缺乏,速效钾、交换性钙含量中等,有效磷、有效锌、有效铁含量丰富。在兴安县葡萄园种植管理中,应重视土壤酸化改良,每年都应该施用适量的土壤酸化调理剂,增施合格的商品有机肥,适当加大镁肥和硼肥的用量,在钙钾的高峰需求期,多施钙钾肥,同时可以适当减少磷肥的用量。

葡萄园生草对葡萄与葡萄酒质量的影响

大多数研究认为,葡萄园生草可有效控制植株的生长势,减少夏季和冬季修剪量,促进根系向土壤深层发展,生草能降低葡萄叶片营养元素含量和葡萄果实产量,可调节葡萄园温度和湿度,改善葡萄园微气候,减少病虫害,提高果实品质,使果实含酸量降低,含糖量和糖酸比升高,同时提高了红葡萄酒中花色素苷、多酚含量及pH,使酒体颜色加深,结构感增强,从而提高葡萄酒的质量。今后应进一步加强葡萄园生草对葡萄与葡萄酒质量影响机理的研究。