Effect of ChREBP on carbohydrate feeding regulation in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi

Carnivorous fish have poor tolerance to carbohydrate in feed and low utilization rate of carbohydrate.Therefore,the balance of carbohydrate and lipids in the nutrient metabolism of carnivorous fish,the ef fective conversion and utilization of carbohydrate and lipids,and the feedback regulation of feeding are the key links for the e fficient utilization of carnivorous fish feed.Carbohydrate response element binding protein(ChREBP)is a new transcription factor found in recent years in the glucose signaling pathway,and can also participate in feeding regulation.We performed in-vivo and in-vitro experiments to reveal the role of ChREBP in the glucose metabolism and feeding in mandarin fish.The mRNA expression of ChREBP and appetite regulatory factors were measured after intraperitoneal injection of glucose in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi and cotransfection with glucose and glucose+siRNA in the hypothalamic cells in mandarin fish.The results reveal that at hour 2 and 4 post intraperitoneal injection with 1 mg/g BW glucose,the blood glucose level of the mandarin fish increased significantly,but food intake decreased significantly,and it also displayed a significantly increased ChREBP mRNA expression levels in liver.At hour 4 post injection,hypothalamic ChREBP mRNA level was significantly increased,whereas the mRNA expression levels of appetite genes neuropeptide Y(npy)and agouti-related peptide(AgRP)were decreased significantly.When the glucose concentration was 40 mmol/L,the expression level of ChREBP mRNA in mandarin fish hypothalamic cells was significantly up-regulated,but the expression level of appetite gene npy mRNA was down-regulated.When siRNA and glucose were co-transfected into mandarin fish brain cells,the expression level of chrebp mRNA was significantly decreased,and the appetite gene npy mRNA was significantly increased.The results indicated that glucose regulated food intake through the modulation of appetite gene npy by ChREBP.

The Grammatical Categorization of Mandarin在/zài:Spatiality,Temporality and Semantic Construal

Mandarin在(pinyin:zài)is the most frequently used character in representing spatial and temporal relationship.Current studies mostly focus on its lexical meaning and syntactic structure while cognitive features of its grammatical categories have been neglected.This paper investigates into the categorization of zài by conducting a morphosyntactic test among College English majors in China.The results show that:prototypes are organizing the grammatical categories of zài at all levels in terms of intra-categorial gradience;the semantic construal of zài construction could significantly influence the accuracy of the grammatical categorization of zài;the syntactic structure can provide viable cue for the identification of grammatical categories of zài;spatiality,temporality and the status of existing are three essential semantic features encoded by zài,the concurrence of which leads to various degree of inter-categorial vagueness,indicating a conflict between the rigid grammatical classification and the indeterminate nature of the grammatical functions of zai,suggesting the necessity to reconsider the efficacy of applying indiscriminately the Anglo-Saxon grammar into the study of Chinese spatial-temporal constructions.

Evaluation and Exploration of Citrus Germplasm Resources in the Origin of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.ex Tseng Shiyueju)

[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.

Investigation on the Integration of “Gao” in Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Mandarin

From the diachronic dimension,this paper makes a two-way interactive investigation on the integration of Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Mandarin.“Gao”is a delexical verb in contemporary Chinese.In different words and expressions related to“gao”character,there are mutual absorptions between Chinese mainland and Hong Kong,which is characterized by starting from nothing to something and from less to more.

不同产地沃柑挥发性成分的差异分析

该研究旨在分析4个主产地(四川、重庆、云南和广西)的沃柑果皮中挥发性成分的差异性,并为沃柑的产地溯源和深加工提供数据支撑。利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定了沃柑果皮挥发性成分,共鉴定出50种挥发性成分,其中萜烯类18种、醇类11种、醛类10种、酯类8种、酮类1种、其他类2种。柠檬烯是主要的挥发性物质,月桂烯、α-蒎烯、芳樟醇、正辛醇、正辛醛、香茅醇、己醛、反式-2-己烯醛、桧烯、香芹酮和α-松油醇等次之。基于挥发性成分半定量结果,建立四川和重庆,云南和广西沃柑的正交偏最小二乘法判别分析模型,进而筛选出潜在生物标志物。结果表明,柠檬烯、芳樟醇和香茅醇可作为区分重庆和四川的潜在生物标志物,醋酸辛酯和α-松油醇可作为区分广西和云南的潜在生物标志物。

氨氮胁迫对翘嘴鳜幼鱼抗氧化酶、消化酶活性及应激相关基因表达的影响

为了解氨氮胁迫下翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)幼鱼肝脏、胃抗氧化系统和消化系统的响应机制,以体质量为(15.27±0.67)g的翘嘴鳜幼鱼为研究对象,探讨了6个氨氮胁迫质量浓度(0、10、20、30、40、50 mg/L)下肝脏和胃中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、胃蛋白酶(pepsin)、胃淀粉酶(AMS)、胃脂肪酶(LPS)的活性和IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α、HSP90α等应激相关基因的表达情况。试验结果表明,随着氨氮质量浓度的提高,肝脏抗氧化相关酶中的SOD、CAT、GSH活性呈先升高后下降的趋势,LPO活性呈逐渐升高的趋势,IL-1β、HSP90α基因表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势,TNF-α表达量呈逐渐升高的趋势,IL-8表达量呈降低-升高-降低的趋势;胃消化酶中的胃蛋白酶活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而AMS和LPS活性呈逐渐升高的趋势。结果表明,在低浓度氨氮胁迫条件下,鱼体通过诱导抗氧化酶活性升高和应激相关基因表达上调来应对氧化应激损伤,同时诱导升高胃消化酶活性为机体提供能量,而高浓度氨氮胁迫则抑制了抗氧化酶活性和HSP90α基因的表达。

东北地区濒临消亡的鲁西南支边户方言岛概述

方言岛是一种语言现象,其形成多与移民有关。20世纪五六十年代,山东农民因支边垦荒移民东北人口达百万之多,大部分来自鲁西南地区,于是在东北地区特别是在黑龙江境内形成了众多的移民聚居群落。由于这些群落内部通行鲁西南方言,在地理上呈点状分布并在一定区域内聚集,因此形成了方言岛群。当地群众把方言岛内的方言称之为支边户土话。从语音、词汇、语法三方面看,该方言依然保留了典型的鲁西南方言特征,属于中原官话。半个多世纪以来,第一代移民渐渐老去,从第二代移民开始多已改用东北方言,这表明东北的支边户方言岛实际上处于濒危状态。面对方言岛的语言生态问题,应采用技术手段对其语料进行系统整理和采集,建立方言有声档案,典藏于后世。

由“舍小取大”现象看国语圈、华语圈的共性特征与个性差异

文章立足于华语词汇运用中极富特点的“舍小取大”现象,举例说明了国语圈、华语圈的共性特征、个性差异,以上两种表现代表了各言语子社区相互关系的基本事实类型。对上述事实的发掘,开辟了“传统”研究之外了解和认识华语的一个新视角、新方向,有助于华语研究拓宽视野、扩大范围、增添新的内容。

微冻贮藏臭鳜鱼品质、蛋白质组成和挥发性风味物质的变化

以-2℃贮藏的臭鳜鱼为对象,研究其在贮藏过程中蒜瓣肉品质、蛋白质组成以及挥发性风味物质的变化规律。结果表明:贮藏15 d后,鱼体蒜瓣肉出现明显发红现象,色泽a*值由负值(绿色)变为正值(红色),白度明显下降,硬度不断增加,弹性和凝聚性不断下降,整体感官品质明显下降。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)结果显示,在微冻贮藏过程中,鱼肉肌浆蛋白、肌原纤维蛋白在不断降解。气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)结果表明,臭鳜鱼贮藏过程中被检出31种挥发性风味物质,其中辛醛、丙酸、3-羟基-2-丁酮、乙酸己酯、丁酸戊酯随着贮藏时间的延长不断积累,具有刺激性臭味的丙酸含量较高,且贮藏15 d后明显增加,不利于臭鳜鱼正常风味的保持。结论:在-2℃微冻贮藏条件下,15 d内臭鳜鱼的感官及风味品质能较好地保持,15 d后开始劣变。研究结果为臭鳜鱼在微冻贮藏过程中的品质调控提供一定的理论依据。

语法和语义线索对儿童动词习得的影响

口语词汇习得过程中存在语法促进和语义促进效应,而语法又包含了句法和词法。本研究采用优先指向范式考察了语法和语义线索对汉语儿童动词习得的影响。实验1发现,5岁儿童可以利用单个句法线索词习得动词。实验2发现,4岁儿童可以在增加句法线索词或语义线索词条件下习得动词;实验2a发现,4岁儿童更倾向于将单音节词判定为动词,实验2b发现,在增加语义线索词条件下,3岁儿童更倾向于将双音节词判定为名词。结果表明,5岁儿童可以利用单个句法线索词习得动词,4岁儿童可以通过多重线索习得动词。本研究拓展了以往关于汉语儿童动词习得的结果,提示语言习得研究应考虑语法线索的独特性和可靠性。

Reflection on Dialect Interference on Mandarin and the Second Language Acquisition of English Learners of Huangshi Dialect

Many findings have shown that positive and negative transfer from the first language influences the second language acquisition.Some observations illustrate that dialect incurs negative transfer on Mandarin learning.Twenty-nine English learners of Huangshi dialect are surveyed about their living and education environment,their second language acquisition and Mandarin learning in an attempt to prove the existence of dialect interference on Mandarin and the second language acquisition and explain the reasons of the difference among dialect,Mandarin and the second language acquisition,based on sound analysis.

满语研究二题:mandarin与cihakū

英语mandarin一词原意不是"清代北京官话",不能把它音译为"满大人"。该词来自葡萄牙语,最初是葡萄牙人对中国官员的称谓,其意为"指挥、命令",后来引申为"官话"。满语cihakū不是名词,依据其用法特点应视为无变化动词。

武鸣沃柑区域公用品牌建设现状与对策研究

在分析目前武鸣沃柑的种植、加工、销售等产业的基础上,研究了武鸣沃柑区域公用品牌的策划与建立、宣传推介、监督管理、建设成效,结果表明:武鸣地区存在品牌使用量较少、产品提前上市、品牌假冒伪劣使用、品牌外包装不统一、产品溯源系统不健全等问题,并从产业发展、品牌保护、品牌监管、品牌辨识度、产品溯源等方面提出了一些相应的对策与建议。以期为武鸣沃柑区域公用品牌推广,实现沃柑产业健康发展,并以此实现乡村产业振兴提供一定的参考。

保留迷走神经肺支对Ⅰ期周围型肺腺癌患者术后咳嗽影响的初步研究

背景与目的咳嗽是肺部手术后的主要并发症之一,严重影响患者术后生活质量。保留迷走神经肺支可能降低患者术后咳嗽发生率。因此,本研究旨在探究保留迷走神经肺支是否能够降低I期肺腺癌患者术后慢性咳嗽发生率。方法前瞻性选取2022年6月至2023年6月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院胸外科行单孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者125例,根据术中是否保留迷走神经肺支分为保留迷走神经肺支组(n=61)和传统组(n=64)。记录两组患者一般临床资料、围手术期情况、淋巴结清扫情况、术前及术后8周中文版莱斯特咳嗽问卷(Mandarin Chinese version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire,LCQ-MC)评分。将两组患者根据术中淋巴结清扫后是否填塞自体脂肪或吸收性明胶海绵分为填塞组及非填塞组,比较两组亚组间LCQ-MC评分及术后慢性咳嗽情况。结果传统组术后8周LCQ-MC评分在生理、心理、社会及总分方面明显低于保留迷走神经肺支组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);咳嗽患者较保留迷走神经肺支组更多(P=0.006)。保留迷走神经肺支组和传统组分别进行亚组分析,保留迷走神经肺支组患者和传统组患者中,非填塞组术后8周LCQ-MC评分均低于填塞组(P<0.05),非填塞组术后8周咳嗽患者均较填塞组更多(P=0.001,P=0.024)。结论对于I期周围型肺腺癌患者行手术治疗时,保留迷走神经肺支安全有效,能够降低患者术后慢性咳嗽发生率,提高患者术后生活质量。

混合乳酸菌发酵对臭鳜鱼风味特征的影响

接种乳酸芽孢杆菌DU-106和植物乳杆菌混合发酵制备臭鳜鱼,利用感官评价和电子鼻技术分析整体风味,顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术定性挥发性成分,气味活性值(odor activity value,OAV)筛选特征风味物质,评价臭鳜鱼风味特征,并与传统自然发酵方式进行对照。结果表明,混合乳酸菌发酵的臭鳜鱼风味和口感更佳,酸臭味相对柔和。电子鼻分析也可明显区分2种臭鳜鱼的风味,相比对照组尖锐、刺鼻、单一的“臭”味,混合乳酸菌发酵产生更多的醇、醛、酮和芳香类风味物质。进一步定性分析表明,二者最大区别是混合乳酸菌发酵组增加了醛类挥发性物质,含氮、含氧化合物含量大大降低,未检测出任何含硫化合物,高含量挥发性成分包括芳樟醇、异戊醇、4-萜烯醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、α-松油醇、β-松油醇、乙偶姻和茴香脑;而对照组的高含量挥发性成分主要为苯酚(31.546%)、吲哚(25.015%)、芳樟醇(17.294%)和三甲胺(9.172%)。其中三甲胺是导致对照组具有刺鼻难闻腐臭味的重要原因,其风味贡献度高达96%,混合乳酸菌发酵的臭鳜鱼则以癸醛、芳樟醇、双乙酰、1-辛烯-3-醇、壬醛、己醛和2,3-辛二酮为特征风味化合物,种类多,风味细腻。综上所述,乳酸芽孢杆菌DU-106和植物乳杆菌混合发酵有利于促进臭鳜鱼多种风味物质的形成。

聚乙烯醇/橘皮果胶/阿魏酸复合包装膜的制备及性能研究

目的为开发一种具有抗氧化活性和紫外屏蔽性的聚乙烯醇复合包装薄膜,从橘皮中提取果胶,探索聚乙烯醇/橘皮果胶/阿魏酸复合膜的性能。方法首先用柠檬酸提取橘皮中的果胶,然后以阿魏酸为交联剂,用溶液共混浇筑法制备聚乙烯醇/橘皮果胶/阿魏酸复合薄膜。通过对复合薄膜结构、形貌、热性能、耐水性能、光学性能、力学性能、抗氧化性能的表征,考察不同含量的阿魏酸对复合薄膜的影响。结果果胶羧基与聚乙烯醇羟基形成酯键,阿魏酸与聚合物形成酯键与氢键,薄膜具有较好的热稳定性和紫外屏蔽能力,加入阿魏酸后薄膜的耐水性能显著提升,拉伸强度和抗氧化活性显著增加。其中,当阿魏酸质量分数为5%时薄膜水溶性降低了38.89%,耐水性能最佳。结论阿魏酸的加入提高了聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的耐水性能,薄膜具有良好的紫外屏蔽能力和抗氧化活性,是一种十分具有潜力的可持续包装材料。

高职学前教育专业普通话教学策略研究——以F职业技术学院为例

高职学前教育专业是为幼儿园培养教师的主要阵地,研究学前教育专业普通话教学在助力国家普通话推广,落实教育部学前儿童普通话教育“童语同音”计划中发挥着重要作用。以F职业技术学院学前教育专业普通话教学为研究对象,文章从课程师资、实践教学、教学模式和方法、学生引导四个维度分析普通话教学的现状,提出从专业建设、课堂教学、学生学习三个层面提升学前教育专业普通话教学效果的有效策略,助力教育部“童语同音”计划有效落实。

肺部切除术后慢性咳嗽预测模型的建立与验证

背景与目的肺部切除术后慢性咳嗽是最常见的并发症之一,严重影响患者术后生活质量,目前国内尚无关于肺部切除术后慢性咳嗽预测模型。因此,本研究旨在探讨肺部切除术后慢性咳嗽相关危险因素,构建预测模型并进行验证。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年6月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院接受肺部切除术的499例患者的临床资料和术后咳嗽情况,按7:3随机分配原则分为训练集(n=348)和验证集(n=151),根据训练集患者术后是否慢性咳嗽分为咳嗽组和非咳嗽组。使用中文版莱斯特咳嗽问卷(The Mandarin-Chinese version of Leicester cough questionnare,LCQ-MC)评估术前、术后咳嗽的严重程度及其对患者生活质量的影响,采用咳嗽视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)和自拟的数字评分法(numerical rating scale,NRS)评估术后慢性咳嗽,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析独立危险因素和模型构建,受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线评估模型区分度,校准曲线评估模型的一致性,绘制决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)评估模型的临床应用价值。结果多因素Logistic分析筛选出术前用力呼气第1秒呼气量与用力肺活量比(forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity,FEV_(1)/FVC)、手术方式、行上纵隔淋巴结清扫、行隆突下淋巴结清扫、术后胸腔闭式引流时间是术后慢性咳嗽的独立危险因素,基于多因素分析结果构建列线图预测模型。ROC曲线下面积为0.954(95%CI:0.930-0.978),最大约登指数所对应的临界值为0.171,此时敏感度为94.7%,特异度为86.6%。Bootstrap法抽样1000次,校准曲线图预测的肺部切除术后慢性咳嗽与实际发生风险高度一致。DCA显示当预测模型概率的预概率为0.1-0.9之间,患者表现为正的净收益。结论肺部切除术后慢性咳嗽严重影响患者生活质量。列线图的可视化展现形式有助于准确预测肺部切除术后慢性咳嗽,为临床决策提供支持。

民族意识的声音传达:中国早期发声电影的国家观念建构

有声电影尚未传入时,其技术与理念便在中国产生了反响。青年会外籍干事在众多城市的有声电影演讲及商业影院外国有声电影放映逐渐普及,有声片中的民族语言问题逐渐提上议程。在基于国语的有声电影创作实践中,左翼电影人发挥了积极作用,与同时期的国语教育运动共同成为语言现代化、大众化的重要组成部分。国语片与方言电影的冲突实际反映的是近现代中国电影民族性、国际性、地方性间的矛盾,此问题的解决成为国语占据有声电影主导权并构建民族国家观念的过程与结果。

汉语特殊儿童口语叙事能力研究综述

采用文献分析法,对汉语特殊儿童口语叙事能力的评估、发展特征和干预进行述评。研究发现:汉语特殊儿童口语叙事能力的评估以故事复述法为主,评估指标涉及宏观和微观两个层面;特殊儿童口语叙事能力落后于典型发展儿童,但具有发展的可能性;互动式绘本阅读教学是提升口语叙事能力的主要方案,且主要通过单一被试研究法检验方案的有效性。研究进一步分析了已有研究中存在的问题,并提出改进建议。