Plant Ideotype at Heading for Super High-Yielding Rice in Double-Cropping System in South China

The newly released super high-yielding hybrid rice combinations, Yueza 122, Fengyou 428, Peiza 67, and the super high-yielding conventional cultivars, Guangchao 3 and Shengtai 1, were grown in both early and late seasons. The morphological characters of each population were investigated at the heading stage, and the data were analyzed by using ANOVY and other statistic methods. The plant ideal morphological characters at the heading stage were established as follows： 1 ） for the early-season cropping, 90-105 cm plant height; 11-12 tillers per plant; 35-40 em length and 2.1-2.2 cm width of flag leaf; 46-50 cm length and 1.8-2.1 cm width of the second leaf from the top （L2）; 59-64 cm length and 1.4-1.9 cm width of the third leaf from the top （L3）; 7°-14°, 18° and 200-33° for the ideal leaf angles of the flag leaf, L2 and L3, respectively; 2） for the late-season cropping, 90-100 cm plant height; 9-15 tillers per plant; 30-41 cm length and 1.8-2.0 cm width of flag leaf; 53-61 cm length and 1.3-1.8 cm width of L2; 52-58 cm length and 1.2-1.5 cm width of L3; 9°-19°, 15°-37° and 16°-49° for the ideal leaf angles of the flag leaf, L2 and L3, respectively. The main physiological characteristics of these varieties were also analyzed.

CLIMATIC RISK ZONING OF DOUBLE CROPPING SUPER RICE CULTIVATION IN HUNAN PROVINCE

Based on meteorological data including daily sunshine duration, temperature and precipitation from 97 meteorological stations in Hunan province during the period of 1981—2010, in combination with the field experiment in different places at different sowing dates, the precise climatic risk zoning of double cropping super rice cultivation has been studied by using the spatial interpolation method and other Geographical Information System(GIS)technologies. Three key climatic factors were selected including chilling in May, high temperature heat damage during July to early August and low temperature damage in autumn in this study. Furthermore, based on the analysis of climatic conditions suitable for double cropping super rice cultivation and climatic disasters, 8-22 ℃ active accumulated temperature, sunshine duration from late March to October, climatic risk index of the low temperature in autumn, and climatic risk index of chilling in May were selected as key climatic factors to study the precise agro-meteorological regionalization of double cropping super rice in Hunan province. The results showed that: the high-yielding zones of double cropping super rice in Hunan were mainly located in Zhuzhou, Hengyang, Yongzhou and Chenzhou City, the moderate-yielding zones were primarily located in the east and north reaches of Dongting Lake,together with most of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan City, and other regions in Hunan were not suitable for double cropping super rice. These findings can provide valuable information for the large-scale cultivation of double cropping super rice in Hunan province.

Research on the Equivalence Between Double Differential- mode Current Injection and Radiation Test Method

There are the application scope limits for single differential-mode current injection test method, so in order to carry out injection susceptibility test for two-pieces equipment interconnected with both ends of a cable simultaneously, a double differential-mode current in- jection test method (DDMCI) is proposed. The method adopted the equivalence source wave theorem and Baum-Liu-Tesche(BLT) equation as its theory foundation. The equivalent corresponding relation between injection voltage and radiation electric field intensity is derived, and the phase relation between the two injection voltage sources is confirmed. The results indicate that the amplitude and phase of the equivalent injection voltage source is closely related to the S parameter of directional coupling device, the transmission line length, and the source vector in BLT equation, but has nothing to do with the reflection coefficient between the two equipment pieces. Therefore, by choosing the right amplitude and phase of the double injection voltage sources, the DDMCI test is equivalent to the radiation test for two interconnected equipment of a system.

Experimental study of double tearing mode on EAST tokamak

The double tearing mode(DTM)in a high βN(βN>1.5)discharge with internal transport barrier on EAST was investigated.A 15 kHz tearing mode(TM)(m≥3,n=3)appears at outer q=2 surface at first,which is stable in the highβN phase.Then a 2 kHz TM(m=2,n=1)occurs at inner q=2 surface.Soon after,high βN collapsed with the crash of ELM,and DTM formed during the collapse of βN.The positions of the two islands of the DTM are consistent with the q=2 surface.The temperature fluctuations are the strongest between the two magnetic islands.A statistical analysis of high βN discharges operating with the reversed magnetic shear configuration in the EAST 2015-2018 campaign revealed the existence of the DTM in many discharges.During the DTM phase,all βN are reduced by 10%-30% within 0.1 s.However,there are two different βN behaviors thereafter-with and without βN recovery.Studying the physical mechanism of βN recovery during the DTM phase will benefit steady-state operation with reversed shear configurations in the future.

“双季同种”水稻新品种松雅7号的选育与思考

“双季同种”是笔者根据湖南早晚稻生产和消费需求提出的育种设想,即在湖南同一个稻区,同一个品种通过早稻、晚稻“双审定”,且两季总生育期不超过220.0 d、两季总产量超过1000.0 kg/667 m^(2),早季米质达部标优质3级及以上,晚季米质达部标优质2级及以上。据此育成的水稻新品种松雅7号具有株型紧凑、茎秆粗壮、耐密植、芽期耐低温低氧能力较强等特点,在湖南省作早、晚双季稻种植生育期适宜、米质较好、丰产稳产,适宜机插、直播等轻简栽培。2023年通过湖南省早稻审定,2024年通过湖南省晚稻审定。本文介绍了松雅7号的选育经过和特征特性,及“双季同种”的概念、品种选育思路和具体要求,讨论了“双季同种”生产模式的实际意义。

“双高”背景下工业机器人技术专业人才培养模式路径探究

“双高”背景下高职院校特色高水平专业建设的根本着力点在于人才培养模式的改革。通过改革人才培养的模式,全面提升人才培养的质量,为中国装备制造业的发展提供与之期望高度契合的优质的、高素质的高端技能型人才。以工业机器人技术专业为例,分析了专业人才培养现状及问题,并以“双高”目标为引领,探索人才培养模式改革的路径,创新人才培养模式,从“双师队伍”,“大赛”“双创教育”等方面入手,多角度发力,培养高素质人才以对接行业企业的发展。

极端高温天气条件下不同鲜食玉米品种的种植表现

为科学选择适宜鲜食玉米/鲜食大豆带状复合种植的耐密、抗病、抗倒的鲜食玉米品种,为玉米大豆带状复合种植技术示范推广提供品种支撑,开展了11个鲜食玉米品种与鲜食大豆的带状复合种植试验。结果表明:在2022年夏季极端高温且持续时间较长的气候条件下,鲜食玉米/鲜食大豆带状复合种植模式下不同鲜食玉米品种在双穗率、空秆率等植株性状及千粒鲜重、出籽率、结实率等产量性状上差异明显,其中晶白甜糯、虞珑糯1612、苏玉糯5号、苏科糯1801、苏科糯1901这5个品种结实率较高,表现出较强的耐高温能力;苏甜糯818、斯达糯41、扬甜糯104结实率较低,表现出较低的耐高温能力。复种区各玉米品种鲜穗产量在7332~11440 kg/hm^(2)之间,除苏科糯1801、晶白甜糯较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)略增产外,其他各品种均较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)减产,减产幅度在1.53%~34.58%之间,以苏甜糯818、苏科糯1501减产最严重。清种区各玉米品种鲜穗产量在7638.89~14828.70 kg/hm^(2)之间,除苏科糯1801较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)略增产1.42%外,其他各品种均较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)减产,减产幅度在0.95%~47.75%之间,以苏科糯1501减产最严重。

基于双环自适应滑模控制的高速列车运行追踪

针对列车高速运行跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于双环结构的RBF神经网络自适应滑模控制算法。首先系统结构分为位移与速度控制子系统,防止列车因单个控制器故障而失控;在此基础上采用积分滑模控制,加强控制器的鲁棒性;同时在速度子系统中引入参数自适应算法与RBF神经网络自适应算法削弱列车受到基本阻力、附加阻力以及不确定性阻力带来的影响;最后通过Lyapunov稳定性分析证明系统的稳定性。通过仿真实验结果表明,位移误差在[-3.3×10^(-4),1.9×10^(-4)]范围以内,速度误差在[-2.1×10^(-2),3.1×10^(-2)]范围以内,该算法可以实现对列车的速度与位移精确追踪。

Model construction for field operation machinery selection and configuration in wheat-maize double cropping system

In order to scientifically and reasonably select the field operation machinery in the wheat-maize double cropping system,first,the selection evaluation index system was constructed through the existing national standards and industry standards.Then the selection evaluation model was established based on the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.And the method of subjective weight and objective weight was used to overcome the drawbacks of the previous single weighting method that could not take into account the subject and object information of each indicator,and the weight value of each index was obtained in the evaluation system.Finally,the tillage process was used as an example,the field experiment was carried out to obtain the evaluation index value,and the model of selection evaluation was verified.The selection results of moldboard plough and rotary cultivator were as follows:the order of the comprehensive evaluation results of the moldboard plough results was ranked from high to low as 1LFK-435(IIM),1LFK-535(IM),1LF-342(IIIM),1LFT-445(IVM),1LFT-545(VM),and the best machine type of the moldboard plough was IIM;the order of the comprehensive evaluation results of the rotary cultivator was ranked from high to low as 1GQKGN-240(IIIR),1GKNSM-250(IVR),1GKN-230K(IR),1GKN-250K(IIR),1GQKGN-220(VR),and the optimal model of the rotary cultivator was IIIR.The experimental results showed that the results obtained by the evaluation model were in agreement with the local actual situation.The evaluation model will provide a scientific method for the selection of wheat and maize double cropping field operation machinery.

“双高计划”背景下涉农高职院校劳动教育模式的构建

涉农高职院校开展劳动教育虽具备天然优势,但存在有劳动无教育、有实践无特色、有体力无脑力的现实困境。依据劳动教育模式构建的时代性、思想性、实践性原则,提出紧扣一条主线厚植学生“三农”情怀、构建2种维度聚焦学生成长成才、打造3个版块彰显农科专业特色、统筹4个“结合”凸显高职学段特征的“一轴两维三版块四结合”耕学一体劳动教育模式,以期为“双高计划”背景下高职院校劳动教育的开展提供参考。

双季稻机械化高产高效生产技术模式及应用效果

为推进双季稻机械化生产,促进单产提高,集成了“机械整地、机械施肥、机械撒施石灰、机械播种育秧、机械插秧、机械开丰产沟、机械植保、机械粉碎秸秆还田、机械深翻越冬、机械开沟、机播绿肥”等农机农艺融合的双季稻机械化高产高效生产技术模式,并于2022年在汨罗市对该模式进行17 hm^(2)的示范应用。结果显示,在双季稻机械化高产高效生产技术模式下,双季稻周年产量增加了2.19 t/hm^(2)、纯效益增加了4782元/hm^(2),双季稻产量和经济效益显著提升。

广西双季早稻高温热害精细化风险评估与区划研究

基于灾害风险分析原理,利用广西89个国家级气象站1970─2020年气象观测数据和广西各主产市(县)早稻种植面积、产量资料,以及相关地理信息数据等,从灾害致灾因子危险性、承灾体暴露度、承灾体脆弱性以及防灾减灾能力等方面筛选风险评估指标,采用灾害风险指数法、层次分析法等技术方法构建了广西双季早稻高温热害的风险评估模型,并利用GIS技术对广西早稻高温热害进行了风险评估分析和精细化风险区划。结果表明:广西早稻高温热害的综合风险高值区主要位于左江河谷、右江河谷区域和桂中盆地等;低风险区主要分布在桂西北和桂北山区。本研究结果可为广西早稻生产趋利避害、优化布局、防灾减灾提供决策参考。

双牌县红薯连作栽培藤薯两收高产技术

双牌县适宜夏秋红薯生长,配合红薯连作栽培藤薯两收高产技术的应用,能大量采摘红薯藤蔓,立冬后还可收获红薯,经济效益大幅提高。结合当地推广的藤薯两收高产栽培经验,介绍了双牌县红薯连作栽培藤薯两收高产技术,为相关人员提供参考。

长沙市粮食生产“四高”技术集成与示范

2023年继2022年的长沙市粮食生产“四高”试验示范,开展双季稻品种选配和“培地扩容、激光平田,因地选种、依茬搭配,机械密植、变量施肥,生防优先、梯级控害”技术集成示范。结果表明,双季稻品种最适搭配为:欣荣优123+隆晶优1212、中安7号+泰优398、陵两优268+泰优398、陵两优268(浏阳)+Y两优911、湘早籼32号(宁乡)+Y两优911;千亩核心示范片、万亩综合试验区和十万亩辐射带动区周年平均产量分别达19478.3、18066.4和15077.4 kg/hm^(2),较非示范区双季稻周年产量分别增产51.8%、40.8%和17.5%;千亩核心示范片、万亩综合试验区年纯收入分别为20630.68元/hm^(2)、19437.78元/hm^(2),较非示范区分别增收87.7%、76.8%。

Reconstructing rice phenology curves with frequency-based analysis and multi-temporal NDVI in double-cropping area in Jiangsu, China

Crop phenology retrieval in the double-crop- ping area of China is of great significance in crop yield estimation and water management under the influences of global change. In this study, rice phenology in Jiangsu Province, China was extracted from multi-temporal MODIS NDVI using frequency-based analysis. Pure MODIS pixels of rice were selected with the help of TM images. Discrete Fourier Transformation （DFT）, Discrete Wavelet Transformation （DWT）, and Empirical Mode Decomposition （EMD） were performed to decompose time series into components of different frequencies. Rice phenology in the double-cropping area is mainly located on the last 2 IMFs of EMD and the first 2-3 frequencies of DFT and DWT. Compared with DFT and DWT, EMD is limited to fewer frequencies. Multi-temporal MODIS NDVI data combined with frequency-based analysis can retrieve rice phenology dates with on average 79% valid estimates. The sorting result for effective estimations from different methods is DWT （85%） 〉 EMD （80%） 〉 DFT （74%）. Planting date （88%） is easier to estimate than harvesting date （70%）. Rice planting date is easily affected by the former cropping mode within the same year in a double-cropping region. This study sheds light on under- standing crop phenology dynamics in the frequency domain of multi-temporal MODIS data.

华南双季稻低碳高产栽培技术研究进展

分析了华南双季稻田CH4和N2O排放量,从低碳品种筛选、节水减排灌溉、化肥减量增效等方面介绍了华南双季稻低碳高产关键技术及其集成应用情况。综述了华南双季稻低碳高产栽培技术研究的主要进展、存在问题和今后工作重点。华南双季稻低碳高产栽培技术节水节肥、减排控污、增产增收,实现了低碳与高产的协调,应用前景好。目前,该技术主要存在可用品种少、种植模式单一、推广难度大等问题;今后,在加大政策支持的同时,亟需加强品种筛选、模式集成、基础理论等方面的研究,以确保国家粮食安全,实现碳达峰碳中和的目标。

“双高”背景下中药制药专业“六融合”人才培养模式探讨与实践

根据“双高”建设要求,结合“双高”建设专业中药制药专业人才培养特色和专业培养目标,重庆三峡医药高等专科学校中药制药专业构建“德技融合”“产教融合”“育训融合”“信息技术与传统教育融合”“中医药文化传承与素质教育融合”“中医药传统技能与现代技能融合”的“六融合”人才培养模式并进行实践,以期提高学校人才培养质量。

新时期高职院校教师能力构成及培养模式研究

伴随着“互联网+教育”时代的到来和“双高计划”的全面实施,对高职院校教师能力提出了更高的要求,对传统教师能力培养模式产生了巨大的挑战。本文界定了高职院校教师能力的内涵及特点,分析了高职院校教师能力培养的现状及根源,构建了“六步五合三保三度双元提升”教师教学能力培养体系,对于丰富高职院校师资队伍建设理论和对同类高职院校教师能力培养提供了参考和借鉴。

不同稻蟹共作模式下寒区稻田土壤微生物的高通量测序研究

在黑龙江省绥化市国家级稻渔综合种养示范区的9个稻田单元分别设置了稻田单作(CK)、稻蟹共作(RC)和稻-蟹-鳅共作(RCL)3种模式,每种模式3个重复,每个稻田单元的面积均为300 m^(2),水稻种植品种为“绥粳4号”。采用高通量测序技术分析了3种模式稻田表层土壤的微生物群落结构和多样性特征及其影响因素。稻蟹模式放养河蟹体质量为(21.45±1.45)g,放养密度为500 ind./667 m^(2);稻-蟹-鳅模式,河蟹体质量为(21.45±1.45)g,放养密度为350 ind./667 m^(2),泥鳅体质量为(0.47±0.07)g/ind.,放养密度为2 223 ind./667m^(2)。养殖期间投喂配合饲料,饲养管理方式一致。2020年9月10日收获河蟹与泥鳅,9月20日收割水稻。结果显示:不同模式的9个土壤样品共包含了6 404个OTUs,分属细菌59个门,1 093个属,2 245个种。韦恩图显示,CK模式特有375个OTUs、RC模式特有359个OTUs、RCL模式特有453个OTUs。3种模式的主要优势菌门均为绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)。RC和RCL土壤细菌的ACE指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数均高于水稻单作,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。PCo A分析图显示,RC和RCL与CK分别在不同区域聚类。研究初步揭示:稻-蟹共作和稻-蟹-鳅共作能够在一定程度上改变寒区稻田的土壤细菌群落结构,增加土壤细菌的丰富度和多样性。

“双高计划”建设背景下高职院校就业网格化管理模式探索

随着时代的发展,为了满足社会的不断变化,中国的职业教育尤其是高等职业教育正迅猛发展,“双高计划”的出台为高等职业教育提供强有力的支撑。“双高计划”旨在打造中国特色的高水准专业,并为全国的高等职业教育提供榜样。随着时代的进步,高职生对于就业的期望已经从“好就业”转变到“就好业”。因此,提升高职生的就业质量已经成为当今高职教育的重要目标,而“双高计划”的实施则更加凸显这一目标的重要性。该文将从高职院校就业网格化管理模式的探究和实践出发,旨在为提升高职生的就业质量提供参考。