Transcriptome analysis reveals steroid hormones biosynthesis pathway involved in abdominal fat deposition in broilers

Excessive abdominal fat deposition reduces the feed efficiency and increase the cost of production in broilers.Therefore,it is an important task for poultry breeders to breed broilers with low abdominal fat.Abdominal fat deposition is a highly complex biological process,and its molecular basis remains elusive.In this study,we performed transcriptome analysis to compare gene expression profiles at different stages of abdominal fat deposition to identify the key genes and pathways involved in abdominal fat accumulation.We found that abdominal fat weight(AFW)increased gradually from day 35(D35)to 91(D91),and then decreased at day 119(D119).Accordingly,after detecting differentially expressed genes(DEGs)by comparing gene expression profiles at D35 vs.D63 and D35 vs.D91,and identifying gene modules associated with fat deposition by weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),we performed intersection analysis of the detected DEGs and WGCNA gene modules and identified 394 and 435 intersecting genes,respectively.The results of the Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses showed that the steroid hormone biosynthesis and insulin signaling pathways were co-enriched in all intersecting genes,steroid hormones have been shown that regulated insulin signaling pathway,indicating the importance of the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway in the development of broiler abdominal fat.We then identified 6 hub genes(ACTB,SOX9,RHOBTB2,PDLIM3,NEDD9,and DOCK4)related to abdominal fat deposition.Further analysis also revealed that there were direct interactions between 6 hub genes.SOX9 has been shown to bind to proteins required for steroid hormone receptor binding,and RHOBTB2 indirectly regulates the steroid hormones biosynthesis through cyclin factor,and ultimately affect fat deposition.Our results suggest that the genes RHOBTB2 and SOX9 play an important role in fat deposition in broilers,by regulating steroid hormone synthesis.These findings provide new targets and directions for further studies on the mechanisms of fat deposition in chicken.

Complications Associated with Autologous Fat Transfer: Case Report and Literature Review

Undoubtedly, since its appearance, the interest and use of autologous fat transfer (AFT) as a breast reconstruction technique have been increasing, becoming one of the main surgical alternatives for aesthetic breast augmentation. This increase in its popularity has led to the development of new technologies to increase its efficacy and safety, however, it has inherently implied the inadequate use of this procedure, mainly when performed by unqualified medical personnel. We present the case of a patient with complications following a breast AFT for aesthetic purposes, performed by a general practitioner without a specialty in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

基于Transformer神经网络的锂电池热失控多数据融合探测

为满足对锂离子电池热失控高效准确探测的需求,设计了一种锂电池热失控试验平台,并利用STM32F103ZET6单片机连接了CO、CO_(2)、H2和热敏电阻NTC共4种传感器,实时采集特征参量。同时,利用PyroSim模拟试验环境,生成高质量的模拟数据,以补充试验数据。基于PyTorch平台,设计了一个Transformer神经网络,能够输出锂电池的正常、预警和热失控3种状态。通过使用试验数据和模拟数据进行训练,实现了对锂电池热失控的融合探测,相比于其他算法有一定的优势。

基于Trans-nightSeg的夜间道路场景语义分割方法

针对夜间道路场景图像亮度低及缺乏带标注的夜间道路场景语义分割数据集的问题,提出夜间道路场景语义分割方法 Trans-nightSeg.使用TransCartoonGAN,将带标注的白天道路场景语义分割数据集Cityscapes转换为低光条件下的道路场景图像,两者共用同一个语义分割标注,丰富夜间道路场景数据集.将该结果和真实的道路场景数据集一并作为N-Refinenet的输入,N-Refinenet网络引入了低光图像自适应增强网络,提高夜间道路场景的语义分割性能.该网络采用深度可分离卷积替代普通的卷积,降低了计算量.实验结果表明,所提算法在Dark Zurich-test和Nighttime Driving-test数据集上的平均交并比(m IoU)分别达到56.0%和56.6%,优于其他的夜间道路场景语义分割算法.

Effect of replacement of soybean oil by Hermetia illucens fat on performance,digestibility,cecal microbiome,liver transcriptome and liver and plasma lipidomes of broilers

Background In contrast to protein-rich insect meal,the feed potential of insect fat is generally less explored and knowledge about the suitability of insect fat as a fat source specifically in broiler diets is still limited.In view of this,the present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effect of partial(50%) and complete replacement of soybean oil with insect fat from Hermetia illucens(HI) larvae in broiler diets on performance,fat digestibility,cecal microbiome,liver transcriptome and liver and plasma lipidomes.Thus,100 male,1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to three groups and fed three different diets with either 0(group HI-0,n cens(HI) larvae fat for 35 d.= 30),2.5%(group HI-2.5,n %(HI-5.0,n = 35) or 5.0= 35) Hermetia illuResults Body weight gain,final body weight,feed intake,and feed:gain ratio during the whole period and apparent ileal digestibility coefficient for ether extract were not different between groups.Cecal microbial diversity did not differ between groups and taxonomic analysis revealed differences in the abundance of only four low-abundance bacterial taxa among groups;the abundances of phylum Actinobacteriota,class Coriobacteriia,order Coriobacteriales and family Eggerthellaceae were lower in group HI-5.0 compared to group HI-2.5(P < 0.05).Concentrations of total and individual short-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta were not different between the three groups.Liver transcriptomics revealed a total of 55 and 25 transcripts to be differentially expressed between groups HI-5.0 vs.HI-0 and groups HI-2.5 vs.HI-0,respectively(P < 0.05).The concentrations of most lipid classes,with the exception of phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine in the liver and cholesterylester and ceramide in plasma(P < 0.05),and of the sum of all lipid classes were not different between groups.Conclusions Partial and complete replacement of soybean oil with HI larvae fat in broiler diets had no effect on growth performance and only modest,but no adverse effects on the cecal microbiome and the metabolic health of broilers.This suggests that HI larvae fat can be used as an alternative fat source in broiler diets,thereby,making broiler production more sustainable.

基于AGRU-Trans融合模型的特长海底隧道交通量预测

为了使海底隧道交通管控部门更好地掌握准确的交通数据,给出行者提供更好的交通引导,通过对循环神经网络和Transformer算法的研究,结合GRU与Transformer模型算法优点并加入自注意力机制,提出一种基于AGRU-Trans融合模型的海底隧道交通量预测模型。选取胶州湾海底隧道市南-黄岛交通运行数据,通过AGRU-Trans融合模型与3种基准模型对比发现,LSTM,Transformer,GRU模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)相比AGRU-Trans分别大了31.48%,67.54%,20.57%;均方根误差(RMSE)分别增长了35.63%,38.45%,32.02%。结果表明:AGRU-Trans融合模型的预测结果与真实数据贴合性最好,预测精度均高于基准模型,因此,基于此方法可为胶州湾海底隧道管理部门对车辆进行精细化诱导及管控提供理论参考。

The Role of RNA Epitranscriptomics and the RNA Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Demethylase in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and one of the most significant sources of cancer mortality. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive subtype that has proven difficult to treat with standard chemotherapies. Obesity has also been shown to exacerbate breast cancer, and diagnoses of these two diseases frequently overlap. Both conditions are regulated in part by the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) demethylase, an RNA demethylase which may drive breast cancers through epigenetic alterations to gene expression. Methods of inhibiting FTO have been researched in vitro and in vivo as an alternative or adjunct to chemotherapies in multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Translating knowledge of the role of FTO in breast cancer and the development of novel agents may allow for improvements in the treatment of this refractory cancer. This review therefore aims to provide an overview of existing and developing chemical inhibitors of FTO that could be innovatively studied for the treatment of TNBC and associated comorbidity.

Effect of a Diet Rich in Interesterified, Non-Interesterified and Trans Fats on Biochemical Parameters and Oxidative Status of Balb-c Mice

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different modified fats on the body weight, biochemical profile, and biomarkers of hepatic oxidative status in Balb-c mice. The animals were divided into four groups and fed for 75 days with a normolipidic (Control Group, CG) or hiperlipidic diets (40% kcal) containing a commercial interesterified fat (IFG) rich in palmitic acid (39%);a blend of non-interesterified fat (NIFG), with 2-fold less saturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols;or a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHFG), source of trans fatty acid (20%) and of linolenic acid (6%). The mice of the IFG and NIFG presented similar results in all evaluated parameters. The serum biochemical profile and hepatic oxidative stress markers in mice of the PHFG were similar to CG, except for total cholesterol (TC) which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the mice of the PHFG. The mice feed with interesterified fat (IFG) showed serum TC (p < 0.01), non-HDL-C (p < 0.05), glucose (p < 0.05) and hepatic reduced glutathione values (2.7 fold, p < 0.05) and glutathione reductase activity (2.4 fold, p < 0.001) significantly higher when compared to the mice fed with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHFG). The hydrogenated fat source of trans fatty acid (20%) had less important metabolic effects than fats containing amounts of palmitic acid (interesterified or non-interesterified). Our results suggest that the replacement of hydrogenated fats by interesterified fats may not be such a simple solution to reduce or eliminate trans fatty acids in foods.

Trans2Vec:耦合车辆移动模式的大规模城市路网表示学习框架

高效率实现城市路网信息的完备向量化表征,是嵌入各类深度学习模型以智能化解决下游交通任务的重要数据工程。现有表示学习方法难以有效耦合城市路网固有的拓扑结构信息与承载的转移模式信息,无法精确匹配下游交通任务的特征需求,且在面对大规模城市路网时,存在算法资源占用较高的现实问题。针对该问题,本文发展了一种多视图游走的路段表征向量学习方法,以车辆移动模式为核心,融合拓扑结构进行异质游走,实现大规模路网完备、高效的信息表达;以深圳市为试验区域,通过全量城市路网与实际车辆行程数据验证了该方法的有效性与先进性。

角膜地形图引导的Trans-PRK治疗角膜穿通伤术后不规则散光的临床观察

目的:观察角膜地形图引导的经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术(Trans-PRK)治疗非光学区角膜穿通伤术后角膜不规则散光的效果。方法:选取9例9眼角膜穿通伤缝合瘢痕在光学中心外的患者,使用光治疗性角膜切削术去除上皮后,采用角膜地形图引导Trans-PRK进行屈光不正治疗,观察手术前后患者的视力、屈光状态、眼压、角膜雾浊及角膜规则性的变化。结果:所有患者术后角膜恢复良好,术后1年角膜形态趋于稳定。患者裸眼视力从术前0.28±0.18上升至术后0.56±0.19,最佳矫正视力由0.60±0.25提高至0.91±0.21,角膜ISV值由53.33±14.28降低至28.11±6.25,Irregularities值由0.070±0.014降低至0.039±0.011,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论:Trans-PRK能有效提高角膜穿通伤术后不规则散光患者的视力及视觉质量,改善角膜表面的规整性,提高眼部舒适度。

结直肠癌组织中CHIP、FAT4表达及临床意义

目的探讨结直肠癌(CRC)组织中热休克蛋白70羧基末端相互作用蛋白(CHIP)、脂肪非典型钙黏蛋白4(FAT4)表达及临床意义。方法选取2018年5月至2020年5月在该院诊治的92例CRC患者作为研究对象。免疫组化检测CRC组织和癌旁组织中CHIP、FAT4表达。Spearman秩相关分析CRC组织中CHIP与FAT4表达的相关性。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析CHIP、FAT4表达与CRC患者生存预后的关系。Cox比例风险模型分析CRC患者预后影响因素。结果相比于癌旁组织,CRC组织中CHIP阳性率较高[65.22%(60/92)vs.10.87%(8/92)],FAT4阳性率较低[28.26%(26/92)vs.89.13%(82/92)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=63.075、70.300,P<0.001)。CRC组织中CHIP与FAT4表达呈负相关(r=-0.781,P<0.001)。与TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、高中分化、无淋巴结转移的CRC组织中CHIP、FAT4阳性率比较,TNM分期Ⅲ期、低分化程度及有淋巴结转移的CRC组织中CHIP阳性率较高,FAT4阳性率较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CHIP阳性和CHIP阴性患者3年生存率分别为48.33%(29/60),78.13%(25/32),差异有统计学意义(Logrankχ^(2)=6.709,P=0.010)。FAT4阳性和FAT4阴性患者3年生存率分别为81.25%(13/16),53.95%(41/76),差异有统计学意义(Log-rankχ^(2)=5.124,P=0.032)。TNM分期Ⅲ期、低分化程度、有淋巴结转移、CHIP阳性是影响CRC患者预后的危险因素,FAT4阳性是预后的保护因素。结论CRC组织中CHIP表达升高,FAT4表达降低,两者表达与CRC不良临床病理特征有关,有助于评估CRC患者的生存预后。

肺腺癌中FAT1的表达及其与免疫细胞浸润关系的研究

背景与目的肺癌是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是肺癌最常见的病理分型,其中又以肺腺癌占比最高。非典型性钙黏蛋白1(FAT atypical cadherin 1,FAT1)是一种受体样蛋白,在肺腺癌中存在高频率突变,其编码的蛋白在细胞黏附、细胞增殖、分化等过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究旨在研究FAT1在肺腺癌中的表达及与免疫浸润的关系。方法通过下载癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)和基因型-组织表达(Genotype-Tissue Expression,GTEx)相关数据,获得513例肺腺癌样本、397例癌旁样本的基因表达水平及相关临床信息。分析肺腺癌组织中FAT1基因mRNA表达水平以及FAT1基因的表达与肺腺癌患者的预后关系,通过通路富集分析探索FAT1基因调控的相关信号通路。利用免疫蛋白印迹检测FAT1在肺上皮细胞和不同肺癌细胞系中的表达差异,免疫组织化学染色法被用于检测FAT1在肺癌和癌旁组织中的表达。结果14%的肺腺癌患者中存在FAT1基因突变;TCGA数据库数据显示肺腺癌组织中FAT1 mRNA表达显著高于癌旁组织。Kaplan-Meier分析显示FAT1基因表达较高的肺腺癌患者预后较差。通路富集分析表明FAT1与肿瘤发生发展通路相关,且FAT1的表达和免疫细胞浸润密切相关,免疫组化实验证明FAT1在癌组织的表达显著高于癌旁组织。结论肺腺癌组织中FAT1 mRNA呈高表达,高表达的FAT1 mRNA与肺腺癌患者的不良预后相关。FAT1有可能成为潜在的肺癌诊治靶点。

Molecular cloning and ontogenesis expression of fatty acid transport protein-1 in yellow-feathered broilers

Fatty acid transport protein-1 （FATP-1） is one of the important transporter proteins involved in fatty acid transmembrane transport and fat deposition. To study the relationship between FATP-1 mRNA expression and fat deposition, chicken （Gallus gallus） FATP-1 sequence was first cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）. Tissue samples of chest muscle, leg muscle, subcutaneous fat, and abdominal fat were collected from six male and six female broilers each, at 22 days, 29 days, and 42 days, respectively. The tissue specificity and ontogenesis expression pattern of the FATP-1 mRNA of yellow-feathered broilers was studied by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, and the fat deposition laws in different tissues were also compared. A 2,488 bp cDNA sequence of chicken FATP-1 was cloned by RACE （GenBank accession no. DQ352834）, including 547 bp 3＇ end untranslated region （URT） and 1,941 bp open reading frame （ORF）. Chicken FATP-1 encoded 646 amino acid residues, which shared 83.9% and 83.0% identity with those of human and rat, respectively. The results of quantitative PCR demonstrated a constant FATP-1 mRNA expression level in the chest muscle and subcutaneous fat of both male and female broilers at three stages, whereas the expression level of the FATP-1 mRNA in the leg muscle at 42 days was significantly higher than that at 22 days or 29 days. In the abdominal fat of male broilers, the gene expression significantly increased with age, whereas the female broilers showed a dramatic downregulation of FATP-1 expression in abdominal fat at 42 days. This suggested a typical tissue-and gender-specific expression pattern of chicken FATP-1, mediating the specific process of fatty acid transport or utilization in muscle and adipose tissues.

一种Trans-Z源TSMC五桥臂变换器

将Trans-Z源网络和五桥臂双级矩阵变换器(TSMC)拓扑结合衍生出基于Trans-Z源五桥臂TSMC全新拓扑结构。该拓扑结构不仅具有五桥臂双输出TSMC的优点,而且在拓扑结构中加入Trans-Z源网络结构使得系统克服了传统五桥臂双输出TSMC电压传输比低的不足。系统中加入Trans-Z源网络结构与常规Z源网络结构比较,系统只需一个电容,且电容电压应力更低,而且Trans-Z源网络电压传输比不仅可以通过占空比调节,也可通过变压器匝数比调节,具有更高的电压调节范围。在此搭建了Trans-Z源双输出TSMC系统,通过实验验证该拓扑结构的正确性,实验结果验证了该调制策略的可行性。

Trans Fatty Acid Levels in Foods and Intakes among Population Aged 3 Years and above in Beijing and Guangzhou Cities,China

Objective To understand the dietary intake levels of trans fatty acids （TFA） in a Chinese population and establish a basis for health risk assessment of trans fatty acids. Methods The TFA contents data of 2613 food items and food consumption data of 10,533 people aged 3 years and above in two large cities in China were matched and a simple assessment method was used to estimate the distribution of dietary TFA intake. Results The mean content of TFA was highest in margarine （1.68±0.83 g/100g）, followed by chocolate and candy （0.89±2.68 g/100g）, edible vegetable oils （0.86±0.82 g/100g）, milk （0.83±1.56 g/100g）, and bakery foods （0.41±0.91 g/100g）. TFA intake accounted for 0.34%, 0.30%, 0.32%, and 0.29% of the total energy intake in the 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, and 〉18 year age groups, respectively. Of the populations studied, 0.42% demonstrated TFA intakes （as percentage of energy intake） greater than 1%. The main sources of dietary TFA intake were edible vegetable oils, milk, mutton, and beef, and baked foods, which accounted for 49.8%, 16.56%, 12.21%, and 8.87%, respectively. Conclusion The current intake of TFA among concern regarding the threshold of TFA intake people in two cities did not appear to be of major health as the percentage of total energy recommended by the World Health Organization. Because most TFA were derived from industrially processed foods, the government should reinforce nutrition labeling and regulate food producers to further reduce TFA in food and to provide scientific instruction for consumers to make sound choices.

中药“肾九方加味”方案治疗FAT1基因突变引发的肾小球囊肿病:1例报告

肾小球囊肿病(glomerulocystic kidney disease,GCKD)是一种罕见的肾囊肿性疾病。FAT1基因编码一种具备多重生物学功能的单跨膜蛋白,含27个外显子。该蛋白胞外部分主要由钙黏蛋白重复序列、5个表皮细胞生长因子样结构域和1个G层粘连蛋白样结构域组成。本文报告了1例由FAT1基因突变引起的肾小球囊肿病例,采用“肾九方加味”中医方案进行治疗。该方案包含生黄芪、苍术、白术、全当归、半枝莲、白僵蚕、蛇舌草、芙蓉叶等药材,旨在健脾化湿和补肾活血。本病例展示了中医治疗方法在解决罕见肾病方面的应用潜力,为类似疑难病例的诊疗提供了新的思路。

FAT1, a direct transcriptional target of E2F1, suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: Growing evidence indicates that FAT atypical cadherin 1(FAT1) has aberrant genetic alterations and exhibits potential tumor suppressive function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). However, the role of FAT1 in ESCC tumorigenesis remains not well elucidated. The aim of this study was to further investigate genetic alterations and biological functions of FAT1, as well as to explore its transcriptional regulation and downstream targets in ESCC.Methods: The mutations of FAT1 in ESCC were achieved by analyzing a combined study from seven published genomic data, while the copy number variants of FAT1 were obtained from an analysis of our previous data as well as of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia(CCLE) databases using the cBioPortal. The transcriptional regulation of FAT1 expression was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) and the luciferase reporter assays. In-cell western, Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) were used to assess the indicated gene expression. In addition, colony formation and Transwell migration/invasion assays were employed to test cell proliferation, migration and invasion.Finally, RNA sequencing was used to study the transcriptomes.Results: FAT1 was frequently mutated in ESCC and was deleted in multiple cancers. Furthermore, the transcription factor E2 F1 occupied the promoter region of FAT1, and depletion of E2 F1 led to a decrease in transcription activity and mRNA levels of FAT1. Moreover, we found that knockdown of FAT1 promoted KYSE30 and KYSE150 cell proliferation, migration and invasion;while overexpression of FAT1 inhibited KYSE30 and KYSE410 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, knockdown of FAT1 led to enrichment of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway and cell adhesion process.Conclusions: Our data provided evidence for the tumor suppressive function of FAT1 in ESCC cells and elucidated the transcriptional regulation of FAT1 by E2 F1, which may facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the progression of ESCC.

Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S.adults

Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

Transpalpebral intraocular pressure measurement by Diaton compared to Goldman applanation tonometer in myopic eyes before and after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in Saudi Arabia

AIM:To compare intraocular pressure(IOP)measured via the trans palpebral IOP(tp IOP)method using a Diaton or with a Goldman applanation tonometer(GAT)and study the determinants of IOP difference in eyes undergoing transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)for myopia.METHODS:This cross-sectional validation study was held in 2020 in an eye hospital in Saudi Arabia.IOP was measured by Diaton and GAT before treatment,after one week,and one month of TPRK.It is considered if IOP difference by Diaton and GAT was less than±2 mm Hg acceptable.The IOP difference was tested if correlated to spherical equivalent(SE),central corneal thickness(CCT),age,gender,or tp IOP.RESULTS:Totolly 200 myopic eyes of 100 patients were included in the study.The mean difference of IOP measured by two methods before TPRK,1wk,and 1mo after TPRK were 0.790,-0.790,and-0.920 mm Hg,respectively(P<0.001).Diaton could measure IOP effectively 89.5%eyes before TPRK and 82%and 84%at 1wk and 1mo after TPTK,respectively.At week 1,IOP differences were significantly correlated to baseline CCT(P=0.02)and tp IOP at week 1(P<0.001).One month after TPRK,only tp IOP was significantly correlated to the difference in IOP(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Diaton is a good screening tool for IOP before TPRK.It helps in monitoring IOP after surgery.Although more practical,it is less efficient than GAT.In eyes with high myopia and low tp IOP before surgery,IOP post-TPRK by Diaton and GAT could differ.

Trans Fatty Acid Content of Iranian Edible Oils

Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of Trans FA (TFA) in edible oil samples consumed in Tehran, Iran analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). The mean of total TFA was 0.45% ranging from (0.11% - 1.61%) for liquid frying oils and 2.92% ranging from (0.46% - 5.40%) for solid oils. The major TFA observed in these two groups was elaidic acid in solid oils. The highest content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was detected in solid oils with average of 32.07 and palmitic acid was the major SFA in these four groups. Linoleic and linolenic acid are the most important poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The variance in the percentage of TFA in the edible oils probably resulted from differences in the type of oils, quality, heating, processing technique and storage condition of the edible oils. The results indicated that, edible oils contain considerable proportions of trans fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to assess the content of TFA in edible oils in Iran.