At the end of the 1950s,Sun Yingzhou considered that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on Chenghua doucai imperial porcelain as a defect was originally produced in firing process during Chenghua period(1465―1487).Re...At the end of the 1950s,Sun Yingzhou considered that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on Chenghua doucai imperial porcelain as a defect was originally produced in firing process during Chenghua period(1465―1487).Researchers in China have accepted his view.But any fragment with the 'chazi' has never been found in several tons of Chenghua imperial sherds excavated from Ming imperial kiln site in Jingdezhen.In China,few scholars have questioned the formation of 'chazi',and further investigated scientifically.The researchers at the Research Laboratory in the British Museum,employing unde-structive EDXRF,have analyzed the chemical composition of the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on a Chen-ghua doucai stem cup in the museum,and they have confirmed that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)was caused by the fire of the Jianfu palace in the Forbidden City in 1923.Based on their research,the authors studied the colour chemical principle of the 'chazi's' formation carefully.According to the ceramic technology principle,scientific reasoning for the 'chazi' was carried out.With the help of the history of Qing court,the brainteaser of the 'chazi' was totally uncovered,the misunderstanding for the 'chazi' has also been corrected.The research also suggests that employing modern science and technology is a direction to study Chinese ancient ceramic further.展开更多
Carbon sinks constitute an important element within the complex phenomenon of global climate change,and forest ecosystems are important global carbon sinks.The Natural Forest Protection Program（NFPP） is an ecologica...Carbon sinks constitute an important element within the complex phenomenon of global climate change,and forest ecosystems are important global carbon sinks.The Natural Forest Protection Program（NFPP） is an ecological program in China that was established after catastrophic flooding in the country in 1998.The goals of the NFPP are to curb the deterioration of the ecological environment,strengthen the protection and restoration of habitat to increase biodiversity,and rehabilitate natural forests to support sustainable development in forest regions.This study looked at changes in carbon sequestration in a forested area of northeast China after the inception of the NFPP.The program divides China＇s natural forests into three classes—commercial and two types of noneconomic forests—that are subject to management regimes prescribing varying levels of timber harvest,afforestation,and reforestation.During the 18-year period from 1998 to 2015,the total amount of carbon sequestration increased at an average annual rate of 0.04 MT C.This trend reflects a transformation of forest management practices after implementation of the NFPP that resulted in prohibited and/or restricted logging and tighter regulation of allowable harvest levels for specific areas.In documenting this trend,guidelines for more effective implementation of forestry programs such as the NFPP in other countries in the future are also suggested.展开更多
文摘At the end of the 1950s,Sun Yingzhou considered that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on Chenghua doucai imperial porcelain as a defect was originally produced in firing process during Chenghua period(1465―1487).Researchers in China have accepted his view.But any fragment with the 'chazi' has never been found in several tons of Chenghua imperial sherds excavated from Ming imperial kiln site in Jingdezhen.In China,few scholars have questioned the formation of 'chazi',and further investigated scientifically.The researchers at the Research Laboratory in the British Museum,employing unde-structive EDXRF,have analyzed the chemical composition of the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on a Chen-ghua doucai stem cup in the museum,and they have confirmed that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)was caused by the fire of the Jianfu palace in the Forbidden City in 1923.Based on their research,the authors studied the colour chemical principle of the 'chazi's' formation carefully.According to the ceramic technology principle,scientific reasoning for the 'chazi' was carried out.With the help of the history of Qing court,the brainteaser of the 'chazi' was totally uncovered,the misunderstanding for the 'chazi' has also been corrected.The research also suggests that employing modern science and technology is a direction to study Chinese ancient ceramic further.
基金supported by San Chazi Forestry Bureau,and the key project of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.KFZD-SW-305-001
文摘Carbon sinks constitute an important element within the complex phenomenon of global climate change,and forest ecosystems are important global carbon sinks.The Natural Forest Protection Program（NFPP） is an ecological program in China that was established after catastrophic flooding in the country in 1998.The goals of the NFPP are to curb the deterioration of the ecological environment,strengthen the protection and restoration of habitat to increase biodiversity,and rehabilitate natural forests to support sustainable development in forest regions.This study looked at changes in carbon sequestration in a forested area of northeast China after the inception of the NFPP.The program divides China＇s natural forests into three classes—commercial and two types of noneconomic forests—that are subject to management regimes prescribing varying levels of timber harvest,afforestation,and reforestation.During the 18-year period from 1998 to 2015,the total amount of carbon sequestration increased at an average annual rate of 0.04 MT C.This trend reflects a transformation of forest management practices after implementation of the NFPP that resulted in prohibited and/or restricted logging and tighter regulation of allowable harvest levels for specific areas.In documenting this trend,guidelines for more effective implementation of forestry programs such as the NFPP in other countries in the future are also suggested.
