This paper discusses some issues on human reliability model of time dependent human behavior. Some results of the crew reliability experiment on Tsinghua training simulator in China are given, Meanwhile, a case of ca...This paper discusses some issues on human reliability model of time dependent human behavior. Some results of the crew reliability experiment on Tsinghua training simulator in China are given, Meanwhile, a case of calculation for human error probability during anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) based on the data drew from the recent experiment is offered.展开更多
China has entered a new era, in order to achieve economic growth and social transformation at the same time, China has established a coverage of urban and rural minimum living security system, but the problem of pover...China has entered a new era, in order to achieve economic growth and social transformation at the same time, China has established a coverage of urban and rural minimum living security system, but the problem of poverty has not been alleviated, it is not balanced, can not be fully reflected the development of restricting people for a better life, but also put forward high requirements for the work of the party and the government＇s poor governance. This paper introduces the development-oriented social policy, and in this paper, puts forward the countermeasures of getting rid of poverty and strengthening oneself from the perspective of development-oriented social policy.展开更多
Moving target defense(MTD) has emerged as one of the game-changing themes to alter the asymmetric situation between attacks and defenses in cyber-security. Numerous related works involving several facets of MTD have b...Moving target defense(MTD) has emerged as one of the game-changing themes to alter the asymmetric situation between attacks and defenses in cyber-security. Numerous related works involving several facets of MTD have been published. However, comprehensive analyses and research on MTD are still absent. In this paper, we present a survey on MTD technologies to scientifically and systematically introduce, categorize, and summarize the existing research works in this field. First, a new security model is introduced to describe the changes in the traditional defense paradigm and security model caused by the introduction of MTD. A function-and-movement model is provided to give a panoramic overview on different perspectives for understanding the existing MTD research works. Then a systematic interpretation of published literature is presented to describe the state of the art of the three main areas in the MTD field, namely, MTD theory, MTD strategy, and MTD evaluation. Specifically,in the area of MTD strategy, the common characteristics shared by the MTD strategies to improve system security and effectiveness are identified and extrapolated. Thereafter, the methods to implement these characteristics are concluded. Moreover, the MTD strategies are classified into three types according to their specific goals, and the necessary and sufficient conditions of each type to create effective MTD strategies are then summarized, which are typically one or more of the aforementioned characteristics. Finally, we provide a number of observations for the future direction in this field, which can be helpful for subsequent researchers.展开更多
Purpose： Seatbelt use during pregnancy is important to improve maternal and fetal survival after motor vehicle collisions. However, because the rear seatbelt of a motor vehicle tends to make contact with the neck, ev...Purpose： Seatbelt use during pregnancy is important to improve maternal and fetal survival after motor vehicle collisions. However, because the rear seatbelt of a motor vehicle tends to make contact with the neck, even if it is adequately used, some pregnant women sitting in the rear seat opt not to fasten the belt. The purpose of this study is to explore seatbelt-neck contact for pregnant women sitting in the rear seat of a motor vehicle. Methods： We carried out an anthropometric study. Japanese women who were _〉30 weeks pregnant （n = 12） sat in the left side of the rear seat of a typical mid-size passenger sedan and fastened the seatbelt. Seating posture was investigated by measuring the coordinates of the anthropometric data points of the pregnant women （head, shoulder, hip joint, and knee joint）. The belt path was analyzed by measuring the clearance between the belt and the sternum or navel. Results： Among the 12 pregnant women at 33.9 week _＋ 3.3 week gestation, the shoulder belt deviated to the right side and subsequently contacted to the neck in four pregnant women （Contact group）. The height of the Contact group was significantly shorter than that of Non-contact group （152.3 cm ~ 3.0 cm vs. 159.0 cm ＋ 3.3 cm, p = 0.008）. Regarding the relative position of the seatbelt to the subject＇s body, the distances from the top of the sternum to the center of the shoulder belt were significantly shorter in Contact group （3.9 cm ~ 3.5 cm） than that in the Non-contact group （8.0 cm ~ 1.6 cm, p = 0.03）. However, no significant difference was found for the distance from the umbilicus to the center of the lap belt. Conclusion： Our findings show that because of short height and late term of pregnancy with protrusion of the abdomen, the shoulder belt deviates to the right or left, avoiding the protruded uterus, and subsequently makes contact with the neck. Seatbelt systems for rear seats need to be developed to improve passenger safety, especially for pregnant women.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses some issues on human reliability model of time dependent human behavior. Some results of the crew reliability experiment on Tsinghua training simulator in China are given, Meanwhile, a case of calculation for human error probability during anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) based on the data drew from the recent experiment is offered.
文摘China has entered a new era, in order to achieve economic growth and social transformation at the same time, China has established a coverage of urban and rural minimum living security system, but the problem of poverty has not been alleviated, it is not balanced, can not be fully reflected the development of restricting people for a better life, but also put forward high requirements for the work of the party and the government＇s poor governance. This paper introduces the development-oriented social policy, and in this paper, puts forward the countermeasures of getting rid of poverty and strengthening oneself from the perspective of development-oriented social policy.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2012CB315906)
文摘Moving target defense(MTD) has emerged as one of the game-changing themes to alter the asymmetric situation between attacks and defenses in cyber-security. Numerous related works involving several facets of MTD have been published. However, comprehensive analyses and research on MTD are still absent. In this paper, we present a survey on MTD technologies to scientifically and systematically introduce, categorize, and summarize the existing research works in this field. First, a new security model is introduced to describe the changes in the traditional defense paradigm and security model caused by the introduction of MTD. A function-and-movement model is provided to give a panoramic overview on different perspectives for understanding the existing MTD research works. Then a systematic interpretation of published literature is presented to describe the state of the art of the three main areas in the MTD field, namely, MTD theory, MTD strategy, and MTD evaluation. Specifically,in the area of MTD strategy, the common characteristics shared by the MTD strategies to improve system security and effectiveness are identified and extrapolated. Thereafter, the methods to implement these characteristics are concluded. Moreover, the MTD strategies are classified into three types according to their specific goals, and the necessary and sufficient conditions of each type to create effective MTD strategies are then summarized, which are typically one or more of the aforementioned characteristics. Finally, we provide a number of observations for the future direction in this field, which can be helpful for subsequent researchers.
文摘Purpose： Seatbelt use during pregnancy is important to improve maternal and fetal survival after motor vehicle collisions. However, because the rear seatbelt of a motor vehicle tends to make contact with the neck, even if it is adequately used, some pregnant women sitting in the rear seat opt not to fasten the belt. The purpose of this study is to explore seatbelt-neck contact for pregnant women sitting in the rear seat of a motor vehicle. Methods： We carried out an anthropometric study. Japanese women who were _〉30 weeks pregnant （n = 12） sat in the left side of the rear seat of a typical mid-size passenger sedan and fastened the seatbelt. Seating posture was investigated by measuring the coordinates of the anthropometric data points of the pregnant women （head, shoulder, hip joint, and knee joint）. The belt path was analyzed by measuring the clearance between the belt and the sternum or navel. Results： Among the 12 pregnant women at 33.9 week _＋ 3.3 week gestation, the shoulder belt deviated to the right side and subsequently contacted to the neck in four pregnant women （Contact group）. The height of the Contact group was significantly shorter than that of Non-contact group （152.3 cm ~ 3.0 cm vs. 159.0 cm ＋ 3.3 cm, p = 0.008）. Regarding the relative position of the seatbelt to the subject＇s body, the distances from the top of the sternum to the center of the shoulder belt were significantly shorter in Contact group （3.9 cm ~ 3.5 cm） than that in the Non-contact group （8.0 cm ~ 1.6 cm, p = 0.03）. However, no significant difference was found for the distance from the umbilicus to the center of the lap belt. Conclusion： Our findings show that because of short height and late term of pregnancy with protrusion of the abdomen, the shoulder belt deviates to the right or left, avoiding the protruded uterus, and subsequently makes contact with the neck. Seatbelt systems for rear seats need to be developed to improve passenger safety, especially for pregnant women.
