THERE have always been contradictions between countries around the world.We,however,should not be vexed by them,but instead adopt the right attitude and appropriately respond to them,＂Nakayama Toshio of the Clausewit...THERE have always been contradictions between countries around the world.We,however,should not be vexed by them,but instead adopt the right attitude and appropriately respond to them,＂Nakayama Toshio of the Clausewitz Society of Japan said at an international seminar held in Beijing last July to retrospect World War I and II.Mr.Toshio went on to say thatthe hegemony of world!big powers has fallen apart since WWII.展开更多
Routine reliability index method, first order second moment (FOSM), may not ensure convergence of iteration when the performance function is strongly nonlinear. A modified method was proposed to calculate reliability ...Routine reliability index method, first order second moment (FOSM), may not ensure convergence of iteration when the performance function is strongly nonlinear. A modified method was proposed to calculate reliability index based on maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle. To achieve this goal, the complicated iteration of first order second moment (FOSM) method was replaced by the calculation of entropy density function. Local convergence of Newton iteration method utilized to calculate entropy density function was proved, which ensured the convergence of iteration when calculating reliability index. To promote calculation efficiency, Newton down-hill algorithm was incorporated into calculating entropy density function and Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were performed to assess the efficiency of the presented method. Two numerical examples were presented to verify the validation of the presented method. Moreover, the execution and advantages of the presented method were explained. From Example 1, after seven times iteration, the proposed method is capable of calculating the reliability index when the performance function is strongly nonlinear and at the same time the proposed method can preserve the calculation accuracy; From Example 2, the reliability indices calculated using the proposed method, FOSM and MCS are 3.823 9, 3.813 0 and 3.827 6, respectively, and the according iteration times are 5, 36 and 10 6 , which shows that the presented method can improve calculation accuracy without increasing computational cost for the performance function of which the reliability index can be calculated using first order second moment (FOSM) method.展开更多
The consequence of the wave-particle duality is a pointer to the fact that everything in the universe, including light and gravity, can be described in terms of particles. These particles have a property called spin. ...The consequence of the wave-particle duality is a pointer to the fact that everything in the universe, including light and gravity, can be described in terms of particles. These particles have a property called spin. What the spin of a particle really tells us is what the particle looks like from different directions, in other words it is nothing more than a geometrical property. The motivation for this work stems from the fact that geometry has always played a fundamental role in physics, macroscopic and microscopic, relativistic and non-relativistic. Our belief is that if a GUT （Grand Unified Theory） is to be established at all, then geometry must be the common thread connecting all the different aspects of the already known theories. We propose a new way to visualize the concept of four-dimensional space-time in simple geometrical terms. It is observed that our time frame becomes curved, just as the space-frame, in the presence of a massive gravitating body. Specifically, in the event horizon of a black hole, where time seems to grind to a halt for external observers, the time frame appears to curve in on itself, forming an imaginary loop. This results in extreme time dilation, due to the strong gravitational field. Finally we adopt a descriptive view of a GUT called Quantum Necklace GUT which attempts to connect gravity together the other three fundamental forces of nature, namely the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions.展开更多
Posters are an usual means of wartime disseminating psychological warfare. In World War I and World War II and even the cold war period, it obtained a good performance, so its importance is self-evident. However, with...Posters are an usual means of wartime disseminating psychological warfare. In World War I and World War II and even the cold war period, it obtained a good performance, so its importance is self-evident. However, with the high-end development of modern science and technology, Intemet transmission replace and people＇ s self-cognition awakening, the psychological warfare dissemination means of simply by posters to expand influence has become obsolete, but it doesn＇ t mean that we don＇ t need these means. Most of the time, in such a complex social environment and interpersonal environment, the most original and most straightforward method is the most likely weapon to move people＇ s thought. This paper reviews the posters in World War I, World War II and cold war period in disseminating psychological warfare success to illustrate the importance of this means in wartime psychological warfare dissemination process. At the same time, it analyzes the feature of modern dissemination psychological warfare, mining new communication means with traditional publicity method and re-constructing the function application of posters in dissemination psychological warfare and other business expanding.展开更多
文摘THERE have always been contradictions between countries around the world.We,however,should not be vexed by them,but instead adopt the right attitude and appropriately respond to them,＂Nakayama Toshio of the Clausewitz Society of Japan said at an international seminar held in Beijing last July to retrospect World War I and II.Mr.Toshio went on to say thatthe hegemony of world!big powers has fallen apart since WWII.
基金Project(50978112) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Routine reliability index method, first order second moment (FOSM), may not ensure convergence of iteration when the performance function is strongly nonlinear. A modified method was proposed to calculate reliability index based on maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle. To achieve this goal, the complicated iteration of first order second moment (FOSM) method was replaced by the calculation of entropy density function. Local convergence of Newton iteration method utilized to calculate entropy density function was proved, which ensured the convergence of iteration when calculating reliability index. To promote calculation efficiency, Newton down-hill algorithm was incorporated into calculating entropy density function and Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were performed to assess the efficiency of the presented method. Two numerical examples were presented to verify the validation of the presented method. Moreover, the execution and advantages of the presented method were explained. From Example 1, after seven times iteration, the proposed method is capable of calculating the reliability index when the performance function is strongly nonlinear and at the same time the proposed method can preserve the calculation accuracy; From Example 2, the reliability indices calculated using the proposed method, FOSM and MCS are 3.823 9, 3.813 0 and 3.827 6, respectively, and the according iteration times are 5, 36 and 10 6 , which shows that the presented method can improve calculation accuracy without increasing computational cost for the performance function of which the reliability index can be calculated using first order second moment (FOSM) method.
文摘The consequence of the wave-particle duality is a pointer to the fact that everything in the universe, including light and gravity, can be described in terms of particles. These particles have a property called spin. What the spin of a particle really tells us is what the particle looks like from different directions, in other words it is nothing more than a geometrical property. The motivation for this work stems from the fact that geometry has always played a fundamental role in physics, macroscopic and microscopic, relativistic and non-relativistic. Our belief is that if a GUT （Grand Unified Theory） is to be established at all, then geometry must be the common thread connecting all the different aspects of the already known theories. We propose a new way to visualize the concept of four-dimensional space-time in simple geometrical terms. It is observed that our time frame becomes curved, just as the space-frame, in the presence of a massive gravitating body. Specifically, in the event horizon of a black hole, where time seems to grind to a halt for external observers, the time frame appears to curve in on itself, forming an imaginary loop. This results in extreme time dilation, due to the strong gravitational field. Finally we adopt a descriptive view of a GUT called Quantum Necklace GUT which attempts to connect gravity together the other three fundamental forces of nature, namely the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions.
文摘Posters are an usual means of wartime disseminating psychological warfare. In World War I and World War II and even the cold war period, it obtained a good performance, so its importance is self-evident. However, with the high-end development of modern science and technology, Intemet transmission replace and people＇ s self-cognition awakening, the psychological warfare dissemination means of simply by posters to expand influence has become obsolete, but it doesn＇ t mean that we don＇ t need these means. Most of the time, in such a complex social environment and interpersonal environment, the most original and most straightforward method is the most likely weapon to move people＇ s thought. This paper reviews the posters in World War I, World War II and cold war period in disseminating psychological warfare success to illustrate the importance of this means in wartime psychological warfare dissemination process. At the same time, it analyzes the feature of modern dissemination psychological warfare, mining new communication means with traditional publicity method and re-constructing the function application of posters in dissemination psychological warfare and other business expanding.
